杨梅种子萌发的生理和基因表达变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220910

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究杨梅种子萌发的生理生化规律，为研发高效催芽技术提供理论依据。方法: 从沙藏催芽的苗圃地里采集刚播种的杨梅种子以及幼根长分别为0~1、1~2、2~3和3 cm以上4个萌发阶段的杨梅种子，分别测定抗氧化酶和淀粉酶活性、激素含量、总酚类物质含量及相关基因表达量。结果: 过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、α-淀粉酶等酶活性动态变化规律基本一致，刚播种到幼根长为0~1 cm时4种酶活性一直增高，幼根长大于1 cm后4种酶活性持续降低；过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性平稳增高，β-淀粉酶活性是增加-降低-增加-降低变化趋势；吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素(ZR)含量动态变化规律为增加-降低，脱落酸(ABA)含量持续降低，赤霉素(GA₃)含量没有显著变化；总酚含量先略增加后降低。与未萌发对照相比，萌发过程中MAPKKK15和TUA2等2个基因的表达量均变高，YMCIbHLH1、PHYA、MAPKKK18、MAPKKK14、YMSQS1、FOA1和WRKY6等7个基因均降低，HD2B、RVE1和YMBZIP等3个基因有升高有降低。结论: 抗氧化酶、淀粉酶、IAA、ZR、ABA主要参与杨梅种子萌发过程的调控，ABA信号通路和GA信号通路的部分关键基因表达量发生变化。

关键词: 杨梅, 种子萌发, 酶, 酚类物质, 激素, 调控基因

Abstract:

Objective: The germination rate of Myrica rubra (bayberry) seeds is low and the germination time is long, which causes breeding difficulties. This study aims to resolve the physiological and biochemical rules of bayberry seed germination, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of efficient germination technology. Method: The newly sown bayberry seeds, which root lengths were 0~1, 1~2, 2~3 and more than 3 cm at four germination stages respectively, were collected from the sand storage nursery. The dynamic changes of enzyme activity, hormones, total phenolic substances and the expression of related genes regulating seed germination were measured. Result: It was found that during seed germination, the dynamic changes of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and α-amylase were basically the same, the activities of these enzymes increased from just sown to the state with young root of 0~1 cm, and then decreased when the young root was more than 1 cm. The activity of catalase (CAT) increased steadily, and β-amylase activity fluctuated all time, increase-decrease, and increase-decrease again. The dynamic change pattern of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and Zeatin (ZR) content was basically the same, which had a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The content of abscisic acid (ABA) generally showed a decreasing trend, and the content of gibberellin (GA₃) basically remained unchanged. The total phenol content first increased and then decreased. Compared with the control without germination, the expression of MAPKKK 15 and TUA2 genes increased during germination, while the expression of YMCIBHLH1, PHYA, MAPKKK18, MAPKKK14, YMSQS1, FOA1 and WRKY6 genes decreased, and the expression of HD2B, RVE1 and YMBZIP genes increased or decreased. Conclusion: In conclusion, antioxidant enzymes, amylase, IAA, ZR and ABA are mainly involved in the regulation of seed germination process of Myrica rubra, and the expression of some key genes in ABA signaling pathway and GA signaling pathway has changed. The results of this study would provide theoretical support for the development of techniques to promote seed germination of bayberry.

Key words: bayberry, seed germination, enzyme, phenols, hormones, regulatory genes

中图分类号:

S667.6

曹靖,戚行江,郑锡良,俞浙萍,张淑文,任海英. 杨梅种子萌发的生理和基因表达变化[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(9): 98-105.

Jing Cao,Xingjiang Qi,Xiliang Zheng,Zheping Yu,Shuwen Zhang,Haiying Ren. Changes of Physiology and Gene Expression during Seed Germination of Myrica rubra[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(9): 98-105.

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基因名称Gene names	同源基因Homolog	引物序列Primer sequences(5′~3′)	产物大小Product size/bp
MrUBQ1	MRNA_021433_1	F: AAGGCGAAGATCCAAGACAA	116
		R: GTGGAGCGTCGACTCTTTCT
MAPKKK15	MRNA_011497_1	F: ACGTCCCCATGTACAACCTT	172
		R: TTGATGTCGCAATGCACCAA
YMCIbHLH1	MRNA_012119_1	F: GACGGAGATAAGGGGAAGGG	152
		R: TTGCCCTCCACCTTATCGTT
TUA2	MRNA_012224_1	F: TGTCCTGTCAACCCACTCTC	216
		R: ATCGGAGGCAAGACAACTGA
PHYA	MRNA_022168_1	F: GTCCCTCTCTCGGATCCATG	168
		R: TGTCTCGGCCTTCCTTCAAT
MAPKKK18	MRNA_022233_1	F: TAGGTCATGGAAGCTTCGCA	151
		R: CAACTCACGAGCCGATCAAG
FOA1	MRNA_000845_1	F: CTTTCATTGCCCACCACCTC	153
		R: CGACAAGCGCTTCATGATCA
YMSQS1	MRNA_024255_2	F: TTCTTCGAGCCCTTGACACT	192
		R: TGGTCCCGTTCAAGAATCCA
RVE1	MRNA_003978_1	F: ACAGAGTCTCACAGGCCATC	179
		R: CAGAGCGCACCATGTACTTC
WRKY6	MRNA_023462_1	F: ATCGCCCAGGAACCTTAACA	183
		R: TTCCTCATCGTGGCTTCAGT
HD2B	MRNA_005241_1	F: AGGGATGATGGAGGCTATGC	181
		R: TTTCCAGTCGACTCAGGCTT
YMBZIP	MRNA_002903_2	F: AGACGGCCTACTTTTGGTGA	183
		R: CTGCACTGAAGAGGACTGGA
MAPKKK14	MRNA_012448_1	F: AGGGGTAAACTGGGAATCGG	216
		R: TCCAAACGTGTCCTCCTCTC

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