土壤镉污染对香樟幼苗光合和生理特性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200619

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究镉污染对香樟幼苗生理生化特性的影响，揭示光合作用等生理特性对香樟镉胁迫的响应机制，探讨香樟的镉耐性及其用于污染修复的潜力与可行性，为镉污染的土壤修复提供数据积累和初步科学依据。方法: 选取1年生香樟为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，设置4个处理，即镉污染浓度分别为0(CK)、1(Cd1)、10(Cd2)和30 mg·kg^-1(Cd3)，每个处理设5个重复，分别于第0、15、30和60天采样，分析测定不同浓度镉污染条件下香樟叶片光合作用参数以及叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和丙二醛含量。结果: 处理0~15天内，不同浓度镉胁迫下香樟叶片的净光合速率(P_n)无显著变化，培养30天和60天后不同浓度镉处理的P_n均低于对照，且以高浓度Cd3对P_n影响最大，较CK降低约22.33%。不同浓度镉处理下香樟叶绿素含量均降低，降低程度与镉浓度有关。不同浓度镉处理的香樟叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均增加，Cd3的最高。处理30天和60天后，中高浓度镉处理的超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于CK和低浓度镉处理；过氧化物酶活性随着镉污染时间及浓度增加而上升；Cd2和Cd3的丙二醛增加显著。结论: 香樟的光合作用参数、渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶等生理生化特性指标与镉浓度和培养时间密切相关，不同浓度镉处理的香樟光合生理特征反映出其具有一定的耐镉性，具备修复重金属污染土壤的潜在价值。

关键词: 香樟, 镉污染, 光合, 生理生化

Abstract:

Objective: In this study,the effect of different concentrations of cadmium pollution on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings was investigated,which aims to reveal the response mechanism of photosynthetic and other physiological characteristics of C. camphora under cadmium stress,so as to provide data accumulation and scientific basis for the remediation of contaminated soil. Method: In this study,an indoor pot experiment was conducted with one-year-old C. camphora seedlings that were subjected to 4 treatments of different contents of cadmium in contaminated soil,including 0 mg·kg^-1 (CK),1 mg·kg^-1 (Cd1),10 mg·kg^-1 (Cd2) and 30 mg·kg^-1 (Cd3),and each treatment had 5 replicates. Samples were collected and analyzed on days 0,15,30,and 60. The photosynthetic characteristics parameters,the contents of chlorophyll,proline,soluble sugar,soluble protein,malondialdehyde (MDA),and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of C. camphora seedlings were tested to explore the tolerance of C. camphora to cadmium and its potential and feasibility for phytoremediation. Result: The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of C. camphora leaves did not change significantly under different concentrations of cadmium pollution in 0-15 days. P_n of the seedlings treated with contaminated soil for 30 days and 60 days was lower than that of the control,and P_n of seedlings treated with high Cd²⁺concentration (Cd3) was the lowest with an average deceases of approximate 22.33% compared with that of the control. In addition,the content of chlorophyll in C. camphora under different concentrations of cadmium contaminated soils decreased,and chlorophyll in medium and high concentrations of cadmium (Cd2 and Cd3) significantly reduced. The content of proline (Pro),soluble sugar and soluble protein in C. camphora leaves was increased by cadmium pollution of different concentrations,and the content was the highest under high concentration Cd²⁺ stress (Cd3). After 30 days and 60 days,the activity of SOD in medium and high concentration cadmium treatment (Cd2 and Cd3) was significantly higher than that in the control as well as low concentration cadmium stress. During the whole treatment period,POD activity increased with the pollution time and the cadmium concentration. However,the medium and high concentration cadmium stress had a significant effect on the increase of MDA content. Conclusion: The results suggest physiological and biochemical indexes of C. camphora,such as the photosynthesis parameters,osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant protective enzymes,are closely related to stress time and pollution concentration. But,C. camphora seedlings grow well under different concentrations of cadmium stress,reflecting that C. camphora has strong cadmium tolerance and thus has potential value for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Key words: Cinnamomum camphora, cadmium stress, photosynthesis, physiological and biochemical characteristics

中图分类号:

S718.43

周际海,程坤,郜茹茹,段洪浪,濮海燕,金志农. 土壤镉污染对香樟幼苗光合和生理特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(6): 193-201.

Jihai Zhou,Kun Cheng,Ruru Gao,Honglang Duan,Haiyan Pu,Zhinong Jin. Photosynthesis and Other Physiological Characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora Seedlings under Cadmium Stress[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(6): 193-201.

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关系曲线Relation curve	y=k ln(x)+y_asym
处理Treatment	R²	y_asym	95%CI	k	95%CI
CK	0.86	22.09a	21.09，23.10	5.42	4.90，5.40
Cd1	0.80	22.29a	20.97，23.61	6.06	5.34，6.78
Cd2	0.82	22.13a	20.57，23.68	6.31	5.43，7.19
Cd3	0.74	21.58a	20.28，22.89	5.69	5.05，6.33

处理时间 Treatment time/d	处理 Treatment	脯氨酸 Proline content/ (μg·g^-1 Fw)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar content/ (mg·g^-1Fw)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein content/ (mg·g^-1 Fw)
0	CK	49.99±2.88Ab	20.34±1.44Ac	0.53±0.023Aa
	Cd1	51.35±3.34Ab	20.56±1.33Ad	0.55±0.028Aa
	Cd2	47.61±3.41Ab	19.52±1.25Ad	0.51±0.035Ab
	Cd3	50.59±2.77Ac	20.70±1.53Ab	0.53±0.015Abc
15	CK	36.25±0.66Cc	38.39±0.54Cb	0.27±0.016Cb
	Cd1	49.51±2.73Bb	44.69±0.11Bc	0.35±0.014Bb
	Cd2	40.38±1.58Cc	40.39±1.25Cc	0.44±0.065Ab
	Cd3	59.85±0.76Ab	55.04±0.66Aa	0.47±0.102Ac
30	CK	61.48±1.35Ba	47.42±1.73Ba	0.33±0.011Cb
	Cd1	66.66±3.81Ba	49.78±1.60Bb	0.43±0.044Bb
	Cd2	86.84±2.36Aa	50.19±2.11Bb	0.54±0.046Ab
	Cd3	94.93±2.82Aa	59.24±2.25Aa	0.56±0.024Ab
60	CK	20.22±1.63Bd	44.89±1.46Ba	0.51±0.066Ba
	Cd1	23.22±2.01ABc	56.84±2.15Aa	0.56±0.028Ba
	Cd2	21.62±1.81Bd	58.24±1.56Aa	0.76±0.057Aa
	Cd3	27.85±1.14Ad	58.48±1.40Aa	0.72±0.033Aa

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