人工模拟倒春寒对杨树叶片活力的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140703

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用人工气候箱模拟“倒春寒”，研究春季低温对杨树幼叶活力的影响。结果显示：随着处理温度的降低（20，15，10，5，0，-5℃），杨树幼叶的光合活力呈逐渐减弱趋势，表现为单个反应中心的电子传递效率（ET_o/RC）和单位激发态面积的光反应活性（ABS/CS_o，TR_o/CS_o，ET_o/CS_o）下降，进而导致结构功能指数（SFI_ABS）、性能指数（PI_ABS）、光合驱动力（DF）以及净光合速率（P_n）均逐渐减小。10℃及以下低温处理可显著影响杨树幼叶光反应活性，其中-5℃低温处理使杨树幼叶光反应活性剧降，质膜透性显著增大。但0~15℃低温处理后，杨树幼叶的PSⅡ最大光化学活性（F_v/F_m）、单个反应中心的光能吸收和捕获光能（ABS/RC，TR_o/RC）以及质膜透性均保持稳定，说明零上低温处理对杨树幼叶的细胞膜和光系统的破坏并不严重。低温处理后，杨树幼叶的叶绿素和蛋白质含量显著降低，丙二醛含量则显著上升。由此推测，低温导致杨树幼叶光合活力的下降主要是由于低温抑制叶绿素和蛋白质的合成，增加膜脂过氧化水平，降低类囊体膜的流动性，从而使参与光反应的质体醌库（S_m）和单位激发态面积的反应中心数目（RC/CS_o）减小所造成的。此外，-5℃低温还对叶片造成明显的水渍状冻伤。低温处理后叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加可能有助于提高杨树幼叶对倒春寒的适应能力，减轻低温伤害。

关键词: 毛白杨, 倒春寒, 叶片活力, 耐冷性

Abstract:

Cold spell often happens in later spring, which causes chilling injury to young leaves of trees. The effects of simulated cold spell in later spring on young leaf vigor of Populus tomentosa were studied in this paper. The results showed that there was a gradual decline in photosynthetic vigor of younger leaves of P. tomentosa with the decrease of temperature (20, 15, 10, 5, 0,-5℃), demonstrated by lowered electron transport efficiency per RC and light reaction activity per excited cross section (ABS/CS_o, TR_o/CS_o, ET_o/CS_o). As a result, structure and function index (SFI_ABS), performance index (PI_ABS), driving force for photosynthesis (DF) and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of younger leaves of P. tomentosa gradually dropped with the decrease of temperature. The temperature under 10℃ had an obvious effect on light reaction activity of the young leaf. A sharp decrease in light reaction activity and a significant increase in permeability of cell membrane of the young leaf were found at-5℃. However the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m), energy absorption and trapping flux efficiency per RC (ABS/RC, TR_o/RC) and permeability of cell membrane of younger leaf of P. tomentosa remained steady at 0-15℃. Therefore, the injury of 0-15℃ to younger leaf of P. tomentosa was not serious. However, low temperature caused a significant decrease of chlorophyll and soluble protein content, and a significant increase of malondialdehyde content in younger leaf of P. tomentosa. The above results suggest that decreased chlorophyll and soluble protein content, increased level of membrane lipid peroxidation, and reduced fluidity of thylakoid membrane in the younger leaf caused by low temperature are probably the main reasons, which would lead to a smaller plastoquinone pool (S_m) and a less RC density per excited cross section (RC/CS_o) in younger leaf of P. tomentosa. In addition,-5℃ caused obvious water-soaked injury to the younger leaf. The increased proline and soluble sugar contents in the leaf at low temperature may facilitate P. tomentosa to resist cold spell in later spring.

Key words: Populus tomentosa, cold spell, leaf vigor, cold resistance

中图分类号:

S718.43

邱念伟, 周峰, 张士超, 杨东, 刘媛, 宋贤慧, 郑媛. 人工模拟倒春寒对杨树叶片活力的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(7): 17-22.

Qiu Nianwei, Zhou Feng, Zhang Shichao, Yang Dong, Liu Yuan, Song Xianhui, Zheng Yuan. Effects of Simulated Cold Spell in Later Spring on Leaf Vigor of Populus tomentosa[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(7): 17-22.

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