山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中花青苷成分与花色的关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中花青苷成分与含量，结合花色表型分析，明确其花色形成的物质基础，揭示其花青苷成分与花色关系，为山茶花色芽变育种提供依据。方法: 按照CIE L^* a^* b^*表色系法测量山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花色，利用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）和超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）联用技术定性定量分析其花瓣中花青苷成分与含量，运用多元线性回归方法研究花青苷成分与花色之间的关系。结果: 山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中共检测到7种花青苷，分别是矢车菊素-3-O-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3Ga）、矢车菊素-3-O-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3G）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-咖啡酰]-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3GaECaf）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-咖啡酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GECaf）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（Z）-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GZpC）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-p-香豆酰]-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3GaEpC）和矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GEpC）。山茶‘玉丹’花瓣中未检测到花青苷，山茶‘金碧辉煌’中未检测到Cy3GECaf。结论: 山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣的花色随其总花青苷及主要花青苷成分含量增大而加深；粉红色和红色花瓣中主要花青苷成分为Cy3G和Cy3GEpC，黑红色花瓣中主要花青苷成分为Cy3G和Cy3Ga；随着花瓣中Cy3Ga和Cy3G比例的增大花色加深。Cy3G和Cy3GEpC是决定山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花色的主要花青苷，其含量的增大显著增加花瓣的红色程度。

关键词: 山茶, 芽变, 花青苷, 花色, 超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱

Abstract:

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine anthocyanin components and contents in petals of Camellia japonica 'Chidan' and its bud mutation cultivars, and to clarify the material basis of their color formation by combining with phenotypic analysis of flower colors, then reveal their relationship between anthocyanin components and flower colors and provide the basis for the bud mutation breeding of flower colors in C. japonica. Method: Flower colors were measured by CIE L^* a^* b^* scale, and anthocyanin components and contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The relationship between flower colors and anthocyanin components was explored by multiple liner regression analyses.Result: Seven anthocyanin components were detected in C. japonica 'Chidan' and its bud mutation cultivars, that were cyanidin-3-O-β-galactoside (Cy3Ga), cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy3G), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-galactoside (Cy3GaECaf), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-glucoside (Cy3GECaf), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (Cy3GZpC), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-galactoside (Cy3GaEpC) and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (Cy3GEpC). Anthocyanins were not detected in petals of C. japonica 'Yudan', and Cy3GECaf were not detected in C. japonica 'Jinbi huihuang'. Objective: Flower color was intensified with the increase of the contents of main anthocyanin components and total anthocyanin of C. japonica 'Chidan'and its bud mutation cultivars. The main anthocyanin components were Cy3G and Cy3GEpC in pink and red petals, and Cy3G and Cy3Ga in dark red petals. The increase of proportions of Cy3Ga and Cy3G in petals of C. japonica 'Chidan'and its bud mutation cultivars caused intensification of the flower colors. Cy3G and Cy3GEpC were the main anthocyanins which determined the red color of petals in C. japonica 'Chidan' and its bud mutation cultivars, and the accumulation of their contents significantly intensified red color of the petals.

Key words: Camellia japonica, bud mutation, anthocyanin, flower colors, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

中图分类号:

S718.43

李辛雷,王佳童,孙振元,殷恒福,范正琪,李纪元. 山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中花青苷成分与花色的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(10): 19-26.

Xinlei Li,Jiatong Wang,Zhenyuan Sun,Hengfu Yin,Zhengqi Fan,Jiyuan Li. Anthocyanin Components and Their Relationship with Flower Colors in Petals of Camellia japonica 'Chidan' and Its Bud Mutation Cultivars[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(10): 19-26.

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CIE L^a^b^* 表色系统CIE L^a^b^*coordinate	‘玉丹’ ‘Yudan’	‘粉丹’ ‘Fendan’	‘赤丹’ ‘Chidan’	‘金碧辉煌’ ‘Jinbi huihuang’	‘二乔赤丹’1 ‘Erqiao chidan’ 1	‘二乔赤丹’2 ‘Erqiao chidan’ 2
L^*	93.00	67.37	56.58	32.81	71.06	55.61
a^*	-0.82	38.65	54.31	33.00	35.65	52.47
b^*	1.87	2.19	9.36	12.72	1.36	7.95
C^*	2.05	38.74	55.22	35.39	35.69	53.09
h/(°)	113.44	3.11	9.52	20.93	2.07	8.61

色谱峰 Peak No.	保留时间 Retention time/min	吸收波长 λ_max/nm	A₄₄₀/A_vis-max (%)	分子离子 Molecular ions (m/z)	碎片离子 Fragment ions (m/z)	推定结果 Tentative identification
P1	9.68	282、518	31	449	287	Cy3Ga
P2	10.96	283、516	32	449	287	Cy3G
P3	24.08	281、316、517	34	611	449、287	Cy3GaECaf
P4	27.87	283、317、515	34	611	449、287	Cy3GECaf
P5	28.83	284、311、515	32	595	449、287	Gy3GZpC
P6	29.21	282、312、516	32	595	449、287	Cy3GaEpC
P7	33.32	284、314、514	32	595	449、287	Cy3GEpC

花青苷成分 Anthocyanin components	‘玉丹’ ‘Yudan’	‘粉丹’ ‘Fendan’	‘赤丹’ ‘Chidan’	‘金碧辉煌’ ‘Jinbi huihuang’	‘二乔赤丹’1 ‘Erqiao chidan’1	‘二乔赤丹’2 ‘Erqiao chidan’ 2
Cy3Ga	—	0.351 9±2.18	1.257 5±5.88	12.878 7±27.18	0.200 7±0.83	1.123 4±3.35
Cy3G	—	2.266 4±6.85	9.529 9±21.37	52.477 7±54.28	1.760 4±6.76	11.665 1±22.69
Cy3GaECaf	—	0.029 5±0.16	0.176 0±1.45	0.216 9±2.63	0.115 1±1.35	0.260 4±2.54
Cy3GECaf	—	0.022 2±0.14	0.105 1±0.58	—	0.108 5±0.65	0.154 5±1.24
Gy3GZpC	—	0.257 0±2.11	0.427 1±3.26	0.283 7±2.38	0.381 3±3.19	0.667 9±3.45
Cy3GaEpC	—	0.349 6±2.33	0.744 9±3.55	1.980 6±8.25	0.279 6±1.86	1.128 3±3.59
Cy3GEpC	—	1.751 8±6.58	3.161 7±8.89	4.325 1±8.24	1.858 4±6.25	6.030 8±12.53
合计Total	—	5.028 3	15.402 1	72.162 6	4.704 0	21.030 3

花青苷成分 Anthocyanin components	‘玉丹’ ‘Yudan’	‘粉丹’ ‘Fendan’	‘赤丹’ ‘Chidan’	‘金碧辉煌’ ‘Jinbi huihuang’	‘二乔赤丹’1 ‘Erqiao chidan’ 1	‘二乔赤丹’2 ‘Erqiao chidan’ 2
Cy3Ga	—	7.00	8.16	17.85	4.27	5.34
Cy3G	—	45.07	61.87	72.72	37.42	55.47
Cy3GaECaf	—	0.59	1.14	0.30	2.45	1.24
Cy3GECaf	—	0.44	0.68	—	2.31	0.73
Gy3GZpC	—	5.11	2.77	0.39	8.11	3.18
Cy3GaEpC	—	6.95	4.84	2.74	5.94	5.36
Cy3GEpC	—	34.84	20.53	5.99	39.51	28.68

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