欢迎访问林业科学,今天是

林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 168-176.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180318

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

基于地学信息图谱的深圳湾湿地景观变化分析

陈志云1,2, 牛安逸1, 徐颂军1, 马姣娇1   

  1. 1. 华南师范大学地理科学学院 广州 510631;
    2. 嘉应学院地理科学与旅游学院 梅州 514015
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-14 修回日期:2016-09-14 出版日期:2018-03-25 发布日期:2018-04-13
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(41271060)。

Analysis of Wetland Landscape Changes in the Shenzhen Bay Based on Geo-Information TUPU

Chen Zhiyun1,2, Niu Anyi1, Xu Songjun1, Ma Jiaojiao1   

  1. 1. School of Geography, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631;
    2. School of Geography Science and Tourism, Jiaying University Meizhou 514015
  • Received:2016-06-14 Revised:2016-09-14 Online:2018-03-25 Published:2018-04-13

摘要: [目的]基于地学信息图谱理论和方法,构建湿地景观变化图谱,分析研究区变化特征和规律,为研究区生态环境合理利用和可持续发展提供决策支持。[方法]运用地学信息图谱方法、GIS和RS技术,利用ENVI5.2软件对经过预处理的影像进行监督分类,采集深圳湾1987、1999和2015年3期空间数据,在ArcGIS软件中转换数据格式,选择地图代数功能合成系列景观变化信息图谱,定量分析深圳湾湿地时空变化情况,讨论该区26年间湿地景观变化特征。[结果]1)1987-1999年,从图谱单元排序来看,水体和基围退化明显,其中水体变滩涂最大,面积为257.22 hm2,占所有变化面积的12.9%,其次是基围变建成区,面积为192.69 hm2,占所有变化面积的9.6%,这些变化主要分布在深圳湾西北部和东北部;从转移矩阵来看,建成区和裸地面积分别增加573.66和296.01 hm2,变化率分别为148.34%和133.27%,主要来源于基围、水体和滩涂等。2)1999-2015年,从图谱单元排序来看,滩涂、水体和裸地退化明显,主要表现为滩涂变水体、水体变建成区,面积均约407 hm2,各占所有变化面积的18.9%,其次是裸地变建成区,面积约357 hm2,占所有变化面积的16.6%,这些变化主要分布在福田红树林自然保护区、南油片区和华侨城片区等地;从转移矩阵来看,红树林和绿地面积分别增加59.4和371.25 hm2,变化率分别为80.88%和92.99%,其中红树林主要来源于建成区、基围和绿地,绿地主要来源于建成区、水体和裸地。3)1987-2015年,建成区、裸地、绿地和红树林涨势明显,其中建成区增加的图谱单元最多,面积约为1 471 hm2,占总新增面积的55.20%;滩涂、水体和基围等落势明显,转移面积达2 104.65 hm2,占总减少面积的79.00%;红树林增加部分面积与稳定部分相比约2:1,表明该区域的红树林面积增加较快,主要分布在福田红树林保护区。[结论]采用地学信息图谱方法,合成变化图谱、"涨势"和"落势"图谱,一张图包含各景观类型的转变、增加或者减少情况,简洁明了,更有利于探索景观类型变化的原因、过程并预测未来变化趋势。

关键词: 湿地, 景观, 地学信息图谱, 深圳湾

Abstract: [Objective] Geo-information TUPU can express spatial structure feature and temporal dynamics function. With this theory and method, we can construct wetland landscape change TUPU, and analyze the characteristics and laws of the study area, to provide decision support for the rational use and sustainable development of ecological environment.[Method] In this paper, the research is conducted based on the geo-information TUPU analytic method. By using the ENVI software to do supervised classification and ArcGIS software to do data format conversion and map algebra, the authors have compounded a series of varying TUPU of the wetland landscape by using spatial data covering three periods(1987, 1999 and 2015)in the Shenzhen Bay. We can comprehend the changes of wetland landscape in the Shenzhen Bay.[Result] The result shows that great changes have taken place on the wetland landscape in this bay during the past 26 years. 1) From the table which was TUPU unit order of wetland landscape change from 1987 to 1999 in the Shenzhen Bay, water area and base around the pond were declining most and significantly. The area of water being changed to tidal flats was 257.22 hm2 and 12.9% of all changes in the area. The area of bare land being changed to built-up was 192.69 hm2 and 9.6% of all changes in the area. Both tow landscapes were mainly in the northwest and northeast of the Shenzhen Bay. From the table which was conversion matrix of wetland landscape from 1987 to 1999 in the Shenzhen Bay, the increasing area of built-up area and bare land were 573.66 hm2 and 296.01 hm2, and the rate of change were 148.34% and 133.27%, which mainly became from base around the pond, water area and tidal flats and so on. 2) From the table which was TUPU unit order of wetland landscape change from 1999 to 2015 in the Shenzhen Bay, tidal flats, water area and bare land were declining significantly. The tidal flats became water area and water area became built-up area were most obvious, their change area both were about 407 hm2 and 18.9% of all changes in the area. Secondary, the area of bare land became built-up area was 357 hm2 and 16.6% of all changes in the area. These changes were mainly located in the Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve, Nanyou Area and Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town(OCT)Area and other places. From the table which was conversion matrix of wetland landscape from 1999 to 2015 in the Shenzhen Bay, the increasing area of mangrove and green land were 59.4 hm2 and 371.25 hm2, and the rate of change were 80.88% and 92.99%. Mangrove mainly became from built-up areas, base around the pond and green land, while green land mainly became from built-up area, water area and bare land. 3) From 1987 to 2015, the arising area of built-up area, bare land, green land and mangrove were obvious. The most of increasing TUPU units was built-up area, which area was 1 471 hm2 and 55.2% of the total area of arising. The area of other landscape types had decreased such as tidal flats, water area, and base around the pond. Totally, the area of transfer was 2 104.65 hm2 and 79.00% of the total area of declining. The increase parts of mangrove were two times about the stable part, meaning the area of mangrove was increasing faster, which was distributed at Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen Bay.[Conclusion] Geo-information TUPU method has been adopted to form the maps like changing, arising and declining, which contain various landscape types of change, increase or decrease. It is more conducive to explore the cause of the landscape change, process and predict the future trends.

Key words: wetland, landscape, geo-information TUPU, Shenzhen Bay

中图分类号: