塔里木胡杨国家自然保护区湿地面积在生态输水工程前后的变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180901

林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (9): 1-8.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180901

塔里木胡杨国家自然保护区湿地面积在生态输水工程前后的变化

刘洪霞¹, 管文轲², 扎依达·斯迪克³, 张和钰², 吴天忠², 曹晓明⁴, 张谱⁴, 冯益明⁴

1. 农业农村部农业大数据重点实验室中国农业科学院农业信息研究所北京 100081;
2. 新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所乌鲁木齐 830000;
3. 新疆伊犁州林业科学院生态所伊犁 835000;
4. 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所北京 100091

收稿日期:2018-01-08 修回日期:2018-07-27 出版日期:2018-09-25 发布日期:2018-09-10
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（31770764）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0504502）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（Y2018ZK09，Y2016ZK18）；中国农业科学院创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2016-AⅡ）。

Changes of Wetland Area before and after Ecological Water Supplement Project in the National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim

Liu Hongxia¹, Guan Wenke², Zayida Sidike³, Zhang Heyu², Wu Tianzhong², Cao Xiaoming⁴, Zhang Pu⁴, Feng Yiming⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data of Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081;
2. Institute of Afforestation and Desertification Control, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences Urumqi 830000;
3. Institute of Ecology, Yili Academy of Forestry Sciences Yili 835000;
4. Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091

Received:2018-01-08 Revised:2018-07-27 Online:2018-09-25 Published:2018-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]探讨生态输水前后塔里木胡杨国家自然保护区湿地面积的时空变化，以期为生态调水工程成效评价提供科学依据。[方法]利用1992年，1999年和2016年3期遥感影像，在RS与GIS支持下，通过解译遥感影像提取保护区湿地景观信息，采用数理统计、动态度和分形分维数分析湿地面积在生态输水前后的时空变化。[结果]1992-2016年湿地面积呈先减后增趋势，1992-1999年（生态输水前）减少了16.8%，1999-2016年（生态输水后）缓慢恢复了6.9%，说明生态输水工程起到了积极作用；1992-1999年间，保护区所有湿地类型变化速率均较大，人类活动扰动剧烈，人工湿地面积增大但其他湿地面积严重萎缩；在实施生态输水的17年间，湿地面积变化速度趋缓，快速退化趋势得到有效遏制，但恢复过程缓慢，恢复效果还有待改善。[结论]生态输水恢复性增加了湿地面积，但因生态输水主要是沿塔里木河干流沿线实施，人为干扰还在逐年加剧，导致湿地的保护与破坏共存，增加的湿地面积主要是永久性河流等临时性水域湿地，真正发挥生态效益的沼泽湿地却未明显增加，湿地生态功能的恢复还有限，说明目前的生态输水策略还需要改善。

关键词: 塔里木胡杨国家自然保护区, 湿地, 面积变化, 生态输水

Abstract: [Objective] The aim of this paper was to explore the spatial-temporal changes of wetland area in the Tarim Populus euphratica National Nature Reserve (abbreviated as the Reserve) before and after the ecological water supplement, in order to provide a scientific basis for the ecological water diversion project.[Method] Based on the remote sensing images obtained in 1992, 1999, and 2016 and by means of interpreting remote sensing images to extract the wetland landscape information in the Reserve under the support of RS and GIS, the spatial-temporal changes of wetland area before and after the ecological water supplement were analyzed by using methods such as mathematical statistics, dynamic degree and fractional dimension.[Results] During 1992-2016, the wetland area in the reserve decreased first followed by an increase. During 1992-1999 (i.e., before the ecological water supplement), the wetland area decreased by 16.8%. During 1999-2016 (i.e., after the ecological water supplement), the wetland area recovered by 6.9% slowly. These results indicated that the ecological water supplement project played a positive role in the wetland restoration. During 1992-1999, the change rates of different types of wetlands in the reserve were all relatively high and the disturbance of human activities to the reserve was severe. The area of artificial wetland increased but the areas of other types of wetlands decreased significantly. During 17 years of implementing the ecological water supplement project, the change rate of wetland area became low, and rapid degradation of wetland was effectively restrained. However, the process of wetland restoration was slow, and its restoration effect needed to be enhanced.[Conclusion] The ecological water supplement did increase the wetland area restoratively, but which was mainly implemented along the main stream of the Tarim River, and the artificial disturbance was increasing year by year, thus leading to the coexistence between the conservation and the destruction of wetland. The increase of wetland area was mainly due to temporary wetlands such as permanent rivers. There was no significant increase of real ecological benefits in the swamp wetland, and the restoration of wetland's ecological functions was limited, indicating that the current strategy of ecological water supplement needs to be further improved.

Key words: Tarim Populus euphratica National Nature Reserve, wetland, area change, ecological water supplement

中图分类号:

S719

刘洪霞, 管文轲, 扎依达·斯迪克, 张和钰, 吴天忠, 曹晓明, 张谱, 冯益明. 塔里木胡杨国家自然保护区湿地面积在生态输水工程前后的变化[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(9): 1-8.

Liu Hongxia, Guan Wenke, Zayida Sidike, Zhang Heyu, Wu Tianzhong, Cao Xiaoming, Zhang Pu, Feng Yiming. Changes of Wetland Area before and after Ecological Water Supplement Project in the National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(9): 1-8.

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塔里木胡杨国家自然保护区湿地面积在生态输水工程前后的变化

Changes of Wetland Area before and after Ecological Water Supplement Project in the National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim

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