欢迎访问林业科学,今天是

林业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 20-27.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170103

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观质量评价

翁殊斐, 朱锦心, 苏志尧, 袁喆, 郜春丽   

  1. 华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院 广州 510642
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-18 修回日期:2016-12-14 出版日期:2017-01-25 发布日期:2017-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 苏志尧
  • 基金资助:
    广东省科技计划项目(2013B020302004,2013B020305008)。

Landscape Quality Assessment of Waterfront Plants in Green Areas of Lingnan Region

Weng Shufei, Zhu Jinxin, Su Zhiyao, Yuan Zhe, Gao Chunli   

  1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642
  • Received:2016-01-18 Revised:2016-12-14 Online:2017-01-25 Published:2017-03-03

摘要: [目的] 评价岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观质量,揭示其营建规律,为植物造景和景观质量评价提供理论依据。[方法] 以64个滨水绿地植物景观单元(100 m2)为研究对象,采用美景度评价法(SBE法)和层次分析法(AHP法)对岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观单元的景观质量进行评价,探寻2种景观评价方法的适用性和相关性,并引入聚类分析法和回归分析法,分析植物景观单元的植物物种丰富度、多度和岭南特色滨水植物景观特征。[结果] 基于美景度评价法的景观美景度值(YSBE)和基于层次分析法的景观质量值(YAHP)的排序差值在20位以内的景观单元数量占总数的75%,显示2种方法的评价结果一致性较高;聚类分析将64个植物景观单元分为5类,第1类景观单元2种方法评价结果均为优秀(景观美景度值大于0.50,景观质量值大于6.00),且大多数排序差值小于20位,第4和5类景观单元的美景度值排序均为最后7位,其中5个景观单元的2种评价方法排序差值小于12位,显示评价者有普遍一致的审美观,通过科学方法揭示植物景观营造的内在规律是可行的;景观单元的美景度主要受植物艺术配置多样性(x6)和群落结构稳定性(x9)2个指标影响,其回归方程为YSBE=-4.234 3+0.300 4 x6+0.357 7 x9;优秀景观单元中各生长型植物的物种丰富度配置为2种常绿乔木、1种落叶乔木、3种灌木、2种水生植物、4种地被植物,个体多度配置则为4株常绿乔木、1株落叶乔木、12株灌木,水生植物和地被植物的覆盖面积分别为18和74 m2[结论] 美景度评价法具有简单、可靠、易操作、便于推广的特点;层次分析法评价则较好地兼顾植物景观的美学功能和生态功能,评价结果客观全面。岭南特色滨水植物景观应以简洁、自然为主,常以高大乔木作为背景,选择耐湿、枝条柔软、树形优美的观花(叶)乔灌木,前景植物宜配置具鲜艳颜色(红、黄)的灌木或草本,具有合适的物种丰富度和多度,植物生长繁茂,植物群落林冠线、植物外缘线(岸线)宜起伏、有变化,应留空位置供游人亲近水体。此外,由清澈的水体、开阔的水面、自然土质驳岸、山石等构成的滨水绿地植物景观,辅以高的绿化养护质量,有助于形成高的景观质量和良好的生态效益。

关键词: 滨水植物景观, 景观评价, 美景度评价法, 层次分析法, 岭南

Abstract: [Objective] The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate patterns of waterfront plant landscape construction and provide a theoretical basis for plant landscaping and landscape assessment through a scientific evaluation of the landscape quality of Lingnan region.[Method] 64 landscape units of waterfront plants in Lingnan region were investigated for landscape quality assessment using scenic beauty estimation procedure (SBE) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the applicability and relatedness of the two methods were also explored. Plant species richness, abundance, and the typical Lingnan waterfront landscapes were assessed and analyzed using cluster analysis and stepwise regression analysis. [Result] The number of landscape units with a ranking difference between SBE value (YSBE) and landscape quality value (YAHP) ≤ 20 accounted for 75% of all the landscape units assessed using SBE and AHP, indicating that the two methods for waterfront plant landscape assessment had high consistency. The cluster analysis divided the 64 waterfront plant landscape units into 5 groups. The first group was excellent assessed with both AHP and SBE methods (YAHP ≥ 6.00,YSBE ≥ 0.50)and most landscape units in this group had a ranking difference < 20. Landscape units of the 4th and 5th groups were ranked at the last seven by SBE, and their ranking difference was < 12, indicating that the evaluators have similar aesthetic values, and thus it is feasible to reveal the intrinsic rules of plant landscaping through scientific methods of assessment. Plant diversity of artistic configuration (x6) and stability of plant community structure (x9) had significant effects on SBE outcomes (P<0.05), which was represented by stepwise regression analysis with dependent variable YSBE against independent variable xi of landscape units: YSBE=-4.234 3+0.300 4 x6+0.357 7 x9. The excellent landscape units were characterized by plant richness disposition of various growth forms as: 2 species of evergreen trees, 1 species of deciduous trees, 3 species of shrubs, 2 species of aquatic plants, and 4 species of groundcover plants, and plant abundance disposition as: 4 evergreen tree individuals, 1 deciduous tree individuals, and 12 shrub individuals. Spatially, aquatic plants and groundcover plants should cover an area of 18 m2 and 74 m2, respectively.[Conclusion] SBE is a simple, reliable, easy-to-master and easy-to-promote method, while AHP reflects both aesthetic and ecological functions of landscapes at the same time and can yield objective and comprehensive assessment results. The waterfront plant landscape with Lingnan local characteristics should represent a neat and natural style, with tall trees as background. Trees or shrubs resistant to wet stress and with soft branches, beautiful tree forms, flower, and leaves should be chosen for the waterfront. The foreground of plants should be the bright-colored shrubs or herbs such as red or yellow ones. Plants should be selected with appropriate richness and abundance to promote robust growth. The canopy line of plant community and plant outer line should have changes, leaving places for people to get close to the water. Additionally, the waterfront plant landscape composed of clear and open water, natural revetment and rocks, coupled with high-quality green maintenance, contributes to the offering of high scenic beauty and ecological benefits.

Key words: waterfront plant landscape, landscape assessment, scenic beauty estimation procedure, analytic hierarchy process, Lingnan region

中图分类号: