典型中亚热带天然阔叶林群落各乔木亚层的空间格局与关联性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20171202

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]研究典型中亚热带天然阔叶林群落的空间格局和关联性，以期更深入地了解群落构建机制和空间结构与群落稳定性之间的关系，为天然林资源保护和以典型群落为样板的近自然经营实践提供依据。[方法]在福建省万木林保护区内近原始林群落地段设5块50 m×50 m样地，采用最大受光面法划分乔木层，使用点格局分析方法分析乔木层及其各亚层的空间格局和关联性。[结果]调查样地的乔木层都可以划分为受光层和非受光层2个亚层，即第Ⅰ，Ⅱ亚层；各样地乔木层的第Ⅰ，Ⅱ亚层在0~25 m尺度内都主要为随机格局，在不服从随机格局的个别尺度上，第Ⅰ亚层主要为均匀格局，与同层林木间竞争较为激烈有关，第Ⅱ亚层主要为聚集格局，与该层林木在个别地段的聚集生长有关；第Ⅰ，Ⅱ亚层之间总体表现为无显著关联，只在个别尺度上偏离零模型。[结论]典型中亚热带天然阔叶林群落主要受中性作用控制；群落内部的各种生态学过程处于平衡状态，因此群落具有稳定性，可以长期维持下去。

关键词: 中亚热带, 天然阔叶林, 万木林, 空间格局, 关联性, 乔木层的成层性, 中性理论

Abstract: [Objective] The objective of this study was to determine the construction mechanism of typical mid-subtropical natural broad-leaved forest community by studying spatial pattern and association based on natural stratification of arbor-layer.[Method] Five plots in size of 50 m×50 m set up at a location where the forest is nearly old-growth forest community in Wanmulin Nature Reserve in Fujian Province were investigated. The arbor layers of the plots were divided into sub-layers using the maximum light receiving plane (MLRP) method. The spatial pattern of each sub-layer and association of paired sub-layers therefore could be tested based on the spatial point pattern analysis.[Result] The arbor layer of each plot could be divided into light receiving layer (sub-layer Ⅰ) and none-light receiving layer (sub-layer Ⅱ). Arbor trees in each sub-layer of each plot are mainly in random pattern in the small spatial scale of 0-25 m. Only at a few scales trees of sub-layers deviated from the null model of complete spatial random, among them, trees of sub-layer Ⅰ tended to have a uniform dispersion because of strong competition and almost equivalent competitive power, but trees of sub-layer Ⅱ displayed a cluster pattern because of aggregation growth of some species in that sub-layer. Sub-layers Ⅰ and Ⅱ displayed overall non-significant association, most paired sub-layers displayed the null model at almost all scales indicating an equilibrium between total positive effects and total negative effects derived from various ecological processes.[Conclusion] The studied typical mid-subtropical natural broad-leaved forest communities are structured by neutral factors. The communities are stable and can be maintained for a long time because various ecological processes in the communities are at equilibrium.

Key words: mid-subtropical zone, natural broad-leaved forest, Wanmulin, spatial pattern, association, stratification of arbor layer, neutral theory

中图分类号:

S718.5

马志波, 黄清麟, 庄崇洋, 郑群瑞, 王宏. 典型中亚热带天然阔叶林群落各乔木亚层的空间格局与关联性[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(12): 12-19.

Ma Zhibo, Huang Qinglin, Zhuang Chongyang, Zheng Qunrui, Wang Hong. Spatial Pattern and Association among Sub-Layers of Typical Mid-Subtropical Natural Broad-Leaved Forest Community[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(12): 12-19.

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