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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 1-11.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20181201

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林优势种川陕鹅耳枥和多脉青冈的空间格局

姚良锦1, 姚兰2, 易咏梅2, 艾训儒2, 冯广3, 刘峻城4, 陈斯2, 黄伟2, 丁易1,5, 臧润国1,5   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京 100091;
    2. 湖北民族学院林学园艺学院 恩施 445000;
    3. 北京林业大学林学院 北京 100083;
    4. 湖北七姊妹山国家级 自然保护区管理局 恩施 445000;
    5. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心 南京 210037
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-13 修回日期:2018-07-30 出版日期:2018-12-25 发布日期:2018-12-11
  • 基金资助:
    中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项（CAFYBB2018SZ005）；国家自然科学基金项目（41671047）。

Spatial Patterns of Dominant Species Carpinus fargesiana and Cyclobalanopsis multinervis in a Subtropical Evergreen and Deciduous Broad-Leaved Mixed Forest

Yao Liangjin1, Yao Lan2, Yi Yongmei2, Ai Xunru2, Feng Guang3, Liu Juncheng4, Chen Si2, Huang Wei2, Ding Yi1,5, Zang Runguo1,5   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, CAF Beijing 100091;
    2. School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei University for Nationalities Enshi 445000;
    3. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    4. Hubei Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve Administration Enshi 445000;
    5. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Sounthern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037
  • Received:2017-01-13 Revised:2018-07-30 Online:2018-12-25 Published:2018-12-11

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摘要： [目的]分析湖北七姊妹山6 hm2亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交次生林动态监测样地中优势物种的空间分布格局，阐明群落恢复过程中物种共存机制，为森林生态系统恢复和多样性保护提供理论依据。[方法]通过空间点格局分析法，将川陕鹅耳枥和多脉青冈按胸径（DBH）划分4个径级：幼树（1 cm ≤ DBH < 2.5 cm）、小树（2.5 cm≤DBH < 5 cm）、中树（5 cm ≤DBH <10 cm）和成年树（DBH≥ 10 cm），分析2个优势种不同径级的个体数量、空间分布、种内及种间相关性。[结果]在4个径级段上，川陕鹅耳枥个体数量基本相同，多脉青冈为倒"J"型分布，但2个物种各径级内的个体均具有相似的生境偏好；川陕鹅耳枥与多脉青冈各径级个体主要表现为聚集分布，随着径级增加聚集程度逐渐减弱；随空间尺度增大，川陕鹅耳枥中树对幼树种内相关性表现出由显著正相关（P<0.05）向无显著相关性的递减趋势，成年树对幼树表现出由无明显相关性向显著负相关性（P<0.05）递减的趋势，小树对幼树、中树对小树、成年树对中树、成年树对小树均表现出显著（P<0.05）正相关；多脉青冈各径级个体间均表现为显著正相关性（P<0.05），且随着空间尺度的增大而减弱；不同径级的川陕鹅耳枥对多脉青冈各径级个体均表现为显著正相关性（P<0.05），并随着空间尺度的增大而减弱；随空间尺度增大，较大径级（中树和成年树）的多脉青冈个体对川陕鹅耳枥幼树和小树表现出由无明显相关性向显著负相关（P<0.05）的变化趋势，并且径级差距越大，负相关性越强。[结论]湖北七姊妹山亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林次生林中优势种（川陕鹅耳枥与多脉青冈）具有相似的生境偏好，演替后期种（多脉青冈）对前期种（川陕鹅耳枥）具有显著的抑制作用，而前期种促进后期种的定居与生长。随着群落恢复，次生林样地将逐步成为后期种占优势的森林群落。本研究结果通过展现物种间关联性的变化也表明，物种关联性的变化过程驱动森林群落构建过程。

关键词: 点格局分析, 空间关联性, 集聚分布, 竞争, 干扰, 生态策略

Abstract: [Objective] To explore coexistence mechanism of species during community restoration process, we analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and inter- and intra-specific correlations of two dominant species in a 6 hm2 forest dynamic plot (FDP) of subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Qizimei Mountain, Hubei Province. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for forest ecosystem restoration and diversity conservation in this forest area. [Method]Two most dominant canopy tree species, deciduous tree Carpinus fargesiana and evergreen tree Cyclobalanopsis multinervis were selected based on abundance rank in the FDP. All individuals of two species were categorized into four DBH (diameter at breast height) classes: saplings (1 cm ≤ DBH < 2.5 cm), small trees (2.5 cm ≤DBH < 5 cm), medium trees (5cm ≤DBH <10 cm), and adult trees (DBH≥ 10cm). The population structure, spatial distribution, inter- and intra-specific correlations of four different DBH classes of the two dominant species were analyzed by using spatial point pattern analysis method. [Result] The stem abundance of C. fargesiana within four DBH classes were similar, but C. multinervis showed an inverted "J" shape. The individuals of different DBH classes of both species shared similar habitat preference. Most individuals of various DBH classes of C. fargesiana and C. multinervis showed aggregated distribution and extent of aggregation reduced gradually with the increase of DBH classes. In four different DBH classes of C. fargesiana, medium trees showed a trend from significantly positive to non-obvious associations with saplings. On the contrary, adult trees showed a trend from non-significant to negative associations with saplings. Positive spatial associations still dominated among different DBH classes (small trees to saplings, medium trees to small trees, adult trees to medium trees, adult trees to small trees). The C. multinervis showed positive associations among all four different DBH classes and along all spatial scales, but the positive associations were relatively weak. Different DBH classes of C. fargesiana showed positive associations to each DBH class of C. multinervis with the spatial scale. The medium and adult trees of C. multinervis showed a trend from non-significant to negative associations with saplings and small trees of C. fargesiana. Moreover, the extents of negative associations increased with the difference of DBH classes. [Conclusion] Although two dominant species (C. fargesiana and C. multinervis) had similar habitat preferences, but there was obvious suppression effect of C. multinervis (late successional species) on C. fargesiana (pioneer species). With the community restoration process, the secondary forest plot will gradually become dominant by C. multinervis. This study confirmed hypotheses that variation in the inter- and intra-species associations ultimately drives the community assemblages process.

Key words: point pattern analysis, spatial association, cluster distribution, competition, disturbance, ecological strategy

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