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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 1-9.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151001

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同密度毛竹林土壤质量综合评价

范少辉1, 赵建诚1, 苏文会1, 余林1,2, 严彦1   

  1. 1. 国际竹藤中心 国家林业局竹藤科学与技术重点实验室 北京 100102;
    2. 江西省林业科学院 南昌 330032
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-22 修回日期:2015-09-03 出版日期:2015-10-25 发布日期:2015-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 苏文会
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业局948项目(2014-4-58);科研事业费项目(1632014011)。

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Quality in Phyllostachys edulis Stands of Different Stocking Stocking Densities

Fan Shaohui1, Zhao Jiancheng1, Su Wenhui1, Yu Lin1,2, Yan Yan1   

  1. 1. International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry Administration Beijing 100102;
    2. Jiangxi Academy of Forestry Nanchang 330032
  • Received:2014-09-22 Revised:2015-09-03 Online:2015-10-25 Published:2015-11-10

摘要: [目的] 密度是林分结构的重要指标之一,对系统功能具有重要影响。本研究分析长期不同密度经营下的毛竹林土壤质量指标,并对其进行综合评价,揭示密度影响毛竹林生产力的原因及机制,旨在为其合理地密度经营提供理论依据。[方法] 以安徽省黄山区毛竹林为对象,研究了1 200,1 800,2 400和3 000株·hm-2 4个密度下毛竹纯林的土壤物理性质、pH值、养分含量及酶活性等18个土壤质量指标,采用单因素分析(ANOVA)进行显著性检验,采用最小显著性差异法(LSD)进行多重比较; 运用模糊数学和多元统计分析方法,计算各密度梯度毛竹林土壤质量综合指数,并对其土壤质量进行评价。[结果] 土壤密度以3 000株·hm-2密度下竹林最大(达1.10 g·cm-3),相同密度下土壤密度随土层深度增加而增大; 土壤含水率和总孔隙度均以2 400株·hm-2密度下竹林最大,且各密度林分土壤总孔隙度均随土层深度增加呈逐渐减小趋势; 土壤pH值和全氮含量随林分密度增大而逐渐增大,而有机质、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量则随林分密度增大先逐渐增大后又略有下降; 土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性随林分密度增大呈现先升高而后趋于稳定或下降趋势; 相同密度下,土壤养分含量、酶活性与土层深度亦有一定相关性,其中,有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全磷含量及酶活性均随土层深度增加呈现降低趋势; 对土壤质量的密度效应进行综合分析发现,毛竹林0~60 cm土层土壤质量综合指数随林分密度增大先升高后降低,以2 400株·hm-2密度下竹林最大,达0.585 3,说明适宜的密度结构对土壤质量改善有一定作用; 相同密度下,0~20 cm土层的土壤质量明显优于其他土层。[结论] 密度调控是林地管理的重要措施,长期的合理密度经营有利于优化林分结构,促进充分利用森林生态系统环境要素,改善林下植被、枯落物及养分循环过程;在本研究地点,不同密度毛竹林的土壤质量差异显著,采用合理密度(2 400株·hm-2)经营有利于改善土壤质量。

关键词: 毛竹, 密度, 土壤质量综合指数, 评价

Abstract: [Objective] As one of the important factors of stand structure, stand density has an important effect on forest ecosystem function. By analyzing and evaluating of soil quality indicators of Phyllostachys edulis forests under different long-term managements of stand density, the study was aimed to reveal the causes and mechanisms of the effects of stand density on forest sustainable productivity, and to provide theoretical basis for proper stand density management.[Method] In this paper, four P. edulis stands with stand densities of 1 200, 1 800, 2 400 and 3 000 individual·hm-2 were selected and 18 soil quality indicators (including soil physical properties, pH-value, nutrient contents and enzyme activities) were examined in Huangshan, Anhui Province of China. One-way ANOVA was conducted to test the significance of the indicators, while the least significant difference (LSD) was applied for multiple comparisons. The indicators under different stand densities were calculated using fuzzy mathematics and multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the soil quality.[Result] No consistent pattern of changes with stand densities were found for the soil physical properties. Soil bulk density of the stand density of 3 000 individual·hm-2 was the largest (1.10 g·cm-3) among the four stand densities. Soil bulk density increased with the increase of soil depth for the same stand density. Soil moisture and total porosity of the stand density of 2 400 individual·hm-2 were the largest and decreased with the increase of soil depth. Soil pH-value and total nitrogen (N) content increased gradually with the increase of stand densities, while the content of soil organic matters, total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), available N, available P and available K first increased and then decreased slightly; the activities of five soil enzymes, including urease, sucrase, protease, catalase and acid phosphatase, also showed a similar pattern of changes with stand densities, namely increasing first and then decreasing or stabilizing. Under the same stand density, soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities were also correlated to soil depth. The content of soil organic matters, available N, available P, available K, total P and the activities of enzymes declined with increasing soil depth. The comprehensive analysis indicated that, at the soil depth of 0-60 cm, the comprehensive evaluation index also increased firstly, and then decreased with the increase of stand densities, and the index for the stand density of 2 400 individual·hm-2 was the largest (0.585 3) among the four stand densities, suggesting that optimal stand density could contribute to improving the soil quality in P. edulis forests. At the soil depth of 0-20 cm, the soil quality was significantly higher than the other two layers beneath under the same stand density.[Conclusion] Stand density control was an important measure for forest management. A long-term management with an appropriate stand density can be helpful for optimizing the stand structure, fully utilizing the environment factors within forest ecosystems, and improving the growth of understory vegetation and litterfall and nutrient cycling. In this study area, the soil quality differed significantly among different stand densities in P.edulis forests, and a proper density of 2 400 individual·hm-2 would be beneficial to improve the soil quality.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis, density, comprehensive index of soil quality, evaluation

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