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林业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 114-121.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141216

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同分化等级兴安落叶松树干心材和边材的空间变异

刘家霖, 王传宽, 张全智   

  1. 东北林业大学生态研究中心 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-10 修回日期:2014-09-24 出版日期:2014-12-25 发布日期:2015-01-08
  • 通讯作者: 王传宽
  • 基金资助:

    林业公益性行业科研专项(201104009-05);国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2011BAD37B01);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT1054).

Spatial Variations in Stem Heartwood and Sapwood for Larix gmelinii Trees with Various Differentiation Classes

Liu Jialin, Wang Chuankuan, Zhang Quanzhi   

  1. Ecological Research Center, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040
  • Received:2014-06-10 Revised:2014-09-24 Online:2014-12-25 Published:2015-01-08

摘要:

将一块15 m × 20 m的48年生兴安落叶松人工林的林木全部收获,采用分层聚类分析法将林木分化等级划分为优势木、中等木和被压木,并采用解析木法量化分析不同分化等级林木心材和边材的周向和轴向变异及其与林木特征性状之间的关系.结果表明: 林木分化等级、方位和圆盘高度对树干心材半径(heartwood radius,HR)、边材宽度(sapwood width,SW)的变异影响显著(P < 0.001).胸高处HR和SW及其绝对变异量均随林木分化程度的加剧而增大.林木心材与边材比在周向变化不一,其最大值以北向频率最高(17.65%),最小值则以南向频率最高(17.68%),反映了微生境的差异.随相对高度的增加,HR绝对变异量递减,SW绝对变异量在枝下高以下保持相对稳定,随后递减; 而HR和SW的相对变异量则均不随轴向改变.这些绝对变异量的轴向变化在不同分化等级的林木之间多呈现优势木>中等木>被压木的趋势,而其相对变异量的轴向变化格局不一.胸高处HR和SW的绝对变异量与胸径均正相关; 心、边材面积与枝生物量、冠投影面积、根投影面积、叶生物量和根生物量均正相关,其中与枝、叶生物量相关性最紧密.这些结果表明,兴安落叶松心材和边材存在显著的周向和轴向变异,其绝对量受林木分化显著影响,但其相对量对林木分化不太敏感.

关键词: 林木分化, 兴安落叶松, 心材, 边材, 周向变异, 轴向变异

Abstract:

Variations in tree's heartwood and sapwood, mainly including circumferential and axial variations, affect physiological and mechanical functions of the trunk. We harvested all the trees within a 15 m × 20 m plot of a 48-year-old Larix gmelinii plantation with the aim of quantifying the spatial variation in stem heartwood and sapwood influenced by the differentiation of stand individuals, and exploring the relationship between the variation and other tree traits. We used a hierarchical clustering analysis to divide the differentiation into three classes, e.g. dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees. The results showed that differentiation class, direction, and disc height had a significant impact on the spatial variation in heartwood radius (HR) and sapwood width (SW; P < 0.001). The HR and SW and their absolute variations increased significantly from the suppressed to the intermediate and to the dominant. The maximum value of heartwood to sapwood ratio (HSR) occurred most frequently in the north direction (17.65%), while the minimum value occurred in south direction (17.68%), reflecting the difference in the microsite. The absolute variation in HR decreased with increasing relative height, while that in SW remained relatively constant up to the height of the first living branch after which it declined. The relative variations in HR and SW did not change axially. The absolute axial variations in HR or SW were the greatest for the dominant trees, followed by the intermediate, and the least for the suppressed, while the relative variations exhibited non-consistent patterns. The absolute variation in HR or SW was positively correlated with the diameter at breast height. The area of heartwood or sapwood was positively correlated with the projected area of crown or root, branch biomass, foliage biomass, or root biomass, among which is correlated most tightly with the branch or foliage biomass. We concluded that the heartwood and sapwood of the larch showed significant variations both circumferentially and axially, of which the absolute variation was significantly influenced by stand tree differentiation, but the relative variation was insensitive to the differentiation.

Key words: differentiation of stand individuals, Larix gmelinii, heartwood, sapwood, circumferential variation, axial variation

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