祁连山排露沟流域气温、冻土冻融与河川径流特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140105

林业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 27-31.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140105

祁连山排露沟流域气温、冻土冻融与河川径流特征

牛赟^1,2, 刘贤德^1,2, 敬文茂², 车宗玺², 赵维俊^1,2

1. 甘肃农业大学兰州 730070;
2. 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院甘肃省森林生态与冻土水文水资源重点实验室张掖 734000

收稿日期:2013-06-03 修回日期:2013-11-20 出版日期:2014-01-25 发布日期:2014-01-25
基金资助:
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAC08B01）；甘肃省自然科学研究基金计划课题（1107RJZG268）；国家自然科学基金重大项目（91125012）。

Characteristics of Temperature, Soil Freezing and Thawing, and River Flow in Pailugou Watershed of Qilian Mountains

Niu Yun^1,2, Liu Xiande^1,2, Jing Wenmao², Che Zongxi², Zhao Weijun^1,2

1. Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070;
2. Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Frozen-Soil Hydrology and Water Resources Academy of Water Resource Conservation Forests of Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province Zhangye 734000

Received:2013-06-03 Revised:2013-11-20 Online:2014-01-25 Published:2014-01-25
Contact: 刘贤德

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过统计分析祁连山排露沟流域气温、日照时数、土壤温度、降水、冻土冻融及河川径流等监测数据（2002-2011年），研究气温、日照、土壤温度、冻土冻融的变化特征，分析降水、冻土冻融与河川径流的关系。结果表明：年均气温1.7℃，年均日照时数127.1 h，年均土壤地表温度3.3℃，5，10和15 cm深处年均土壤温度2.3℃，20和40 cm深处年均土壤温度2.4℃；土壤开始冻结日期为10月11日左右，冻土结束消融日期为7月18日左右，季节性冻土存在时间为年均278天，占全年时间的76.16%；12月10日之前，冻土增厚的速率约1.22 cm ·d^-1，此后，冻土增厚的速率逐渐减小，平均为0.78 cm ·d^-1，直到3月20日左右，冻土增厚的速率减到最小，但冻土的累积厚度增加到最大，年均最大厚度约159.6 cm；从3月20日左右开始，冻土开始消融，消融的速率逐渐递增，平均为1.47 cm ·d^-1；河川径流量S与降水量P的回归模型为S=2.936P+9.587（R²=0.742 6），河川经流与冻土冻融厚度F_d的回归模型为S=-10.361F_d+1 388.498（R²=0.701 7）。

关键词: 土壤温度, 冻土冻融, 河川径流, 祁连山排露沟流域

Abstract:

In this paper, the annual air temperature, sunshine duration, soil temperature, precipitation, soil freeze-thaw and river flow were analyzed based on data of monitoring meteorology, soil freezing and thawing, triangle weir hydrograph and volume from 2002 to 2011 in Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains. The results showed that: Average annual temperature was 1.7℃, and annual sunshine duration was 127.1 h. The soil temperature was 3.3℃ on the soil surface, 2.3℃ at 5, 10, and 15 cm depth, 2.4℃ at 20 and 40 cm depth. The soil freezing began around 11^th of October; the soil ablation finish was around 17^th of July. Frozen period was 278 days, accounted for 76.16% of a year. The rate of frozen soil thickness augment was about 1.22 cm ·d^-1 before the 10^th of December, then it reduced to 0.78 cm ·d^-1, and reached the minimum to 20^th of March, at which the thickness of frozen soil reached to the maximum, and the average maximum thickness was 159.6 cm; Soil thawing started around 2^nd of April with the increasing rate, and ended around 17^th of July, and the average melting rate was 1.47 cm ·d^-1. The regression model for S (runoff) and P (precipitation) was 2.936P + 9.587 (R²=0.742 6), and the regression model for S (runoff) and frozen-thaw thickness of soil was -10.361F_d + 1 388.498 (R²=0.701 7).

Key words: soil temperature, frozen soil freezing and thawing, river flow, Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains

中图分类号:

S719

牛赟, 刘贤德, 敬文茂, 车宗玺, 赵维俊. 祁连山排露沟流域气温、冻土冻融与河川径流特征[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(1): 27-31.

Niu Yun, Liu Xiande, Jing Wenmao, Che Zongxi, Zhao Weijun. Characteristics of Temperature, Soil Freezing and Thawing, and River Flow in Pailugou Watershed of Qilian Mountains[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(1): 27-31.

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祁连山排露沟流域气温、冻土冻融与河川径流特征

Characteristics of Temperature, Soil Freezing and Thawing, and River Flow in Pailugou Watershed of Qilian Mountains

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