栓皮栎幼苗根系发育对环境异质性的响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了阐明生境差异对栓皮栎幼苗根系生长的影响,在秦岭南坡(商州林区),秦岭北坡高、中、低海拔地区(太白山和楼观台林区),以及黄土高原(黄龙林区)设置样地,对1~4年生栓皮栎幼苗根系的形态和干质量进行测定,分析不同区域的根系发育特点及其与生境因素的关系。结果表明: 随着纬度由南向北和海拔由低到高,幼苗生长减缓,根系形态指标和干质重下降; 在秦岭南坡,栓皮栎幼苗直径φ≤0.5 mm侧根数量、表面积和长度最大,而在秦岭北坡低海拔地区幼苗φ>1 mm的侧根数量和表面积最大; 在秦岭北坡高海拔地区,栓皮栎幼苗侧根数量、表面积、长度和干质量均较小,而比根长最大; 在黄土高原,幼苗主根和侧根的各项特征较小。通过PCA对10个环境因子降维,前3个主分量可以解释影响幼苗生长因素的85.2%。Pearson相关系数表明: 年均温度、年均积温与幼苗主根和侧根干质量正相关; 土壤中速效氮和速效磷含量分别与侧根长度、比根长和表面积呈显著正相关。温暖生境更有利于栓皮栎幼苗根系干物质的积累,增加林地土壤氮、磷含量,可以促进栓皮栎根系发育。

关键词: 栓皮栎幼苗, 侧根, 根直径, 比根长, 主成分分析, 相关性分析

Abstract:

One-year-to four-year-old seedlings of Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis) were sampled in high, medium, and low altitudes in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains, Loess Plateau and the southern slope of Qinling Mountains. The morphology and dry weight of the seedlings roots were measured to investigate the effects of various environmental factors on the root growth. The results showed that the roots morphological parameters and dry weight decreased with the increasing latitude and altitude. The seedlings in the southern slope of Qinling Mountains had most number of lateral roots with diameter φ≤0.5 mm and the largest surface area and longest length. The seedlings in the low altitude of the northern slope of Qinling Mountains had the greatest number and largest surface area of lateral roots with diameter φ > 1 mm. The seedlings in the high altitude of northern slope of Qinling Mountains had relatively less root number, smaller surface area, shorter length and lighter weight of lateral roots, however their specific root length of lateral roots were greater than that in other sites. The morphology and weight of both seedling tap and lateral roots were the minimum value in Loess Plateau. Through the Principle Components Analysis (PCA), 10 environmental factors were reduced to the three principle components that interpreted 85.2% of variance of seedling growth. The annual temperature and accumulated temperature exerted stronger positive effect on the biomass accumulation of both tap and lateral roots. Phosphorus content in the soil was positively correlated with the specific root length and surface area of lateral roots, while the nitrogen content had significant positive effect on lateral root length. It is concluded that appropriate temperature favors the biomass accumulation of seedling roots, and higher contents of phosphorus and nitrogen are favorable to the growth of lateral roots.

Key words: Quercus variabilis seedlings, lateral root, root diameter, specific root length, principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson correlation analysis

中图分类号:

S718.51

马闯, 张文辉, 吴敏, 马莉薇, 周建云, 薛瑶芹. 栓皮栎幼苗根系发育对环境异质性的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(10): 58-65.

Ma Chuang, Zhang Wenhui, Wu Min, Ma Liwei, Zhou Jianyun, Xue Yaoqin. Root Growth of Quercus variabilis Seedlings in Response to the Environmental Heterogeneity[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2013, 49(10): 58-65.

参考文献

陈海波, 卫星, 王婧, 等. 2010. 水曲柳苗木根系形态和解剖结构对不同氮浓度的反应. 林业科学,46(2): 61-66.

丁惠萍, 钱克红, 杨运经. 2007. 陕西栓皮栎种群分布格局的分形特征. 西北林学院学报, 22(6): 7-9.

韩照祥, 张文辉, 李军乔, 等. 2004. 陕西不同地区栓皮栎种群年龄结构动态模型的研究. 西北植物学报,24(2): 254-258.

刘莹, 王国梁, 刘国彬, 等. 2010. 不同分类系统下油松幼苗根系特征的差异与联系. 植物生态学报,34(12): 1386-1393.

罗伟祥, 张文辉, 黄一钊. 2009. 中国栓皮栎. 北京: 中国林业出版社.

马莉薇, 张文辉, 薛瑶芹, 等. 2010. 秦岭北坡不同生境栓皮栎实生苗生长及其影响因素. 生态学报,30(23): 6512-6520.

王国梁,周东. 2009. 黄土丘陵区退耕地先锋群落演替过程中细根特征的变化. 西北植物学报,29(2): 356-364.

王婧, 王少波, 康宏樟, 等. 2009. 东亚地区栓皮栎的地理分布格局及其气候特征. 上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,27(3): 237-241.

武高林, 陈敏, 杜国祯. 2008. 营养和光照对不同生态幅风毛菊属植物幼苗形态可塑性的影响. 应用生态学报,19(8): 1708-1713.

夏菲, 王孝安, 郭华, 等. 2012. 不同龄级辽东栎幼苗根系形态对幼苗生长的影响. 中国农学通报,28(10): 32-36.

于立忠, 丁国泉, 史建伟, 等. 2007. 施肥对日本落叶松人工林细根直径、根长和比根长的影响. 应用生态学报,18(5): 957-962.

张金屯. 2011. 数量生态学. 2版. 北京: 科学出版社.

张文辉, 刘祥君, 刘国彬, 等. 2004. 川西北泡沙参种群根系生长动态及其与环境因素关系研究. 应用生态学报,15(1): 39-43.

张文辉, 卢志军, 李景侠, 等. 2002. 陕西不同林区栓皮栎种群空间分布格局及动态的比较研究. 西北植物学报,22(3): 476-483.

周建云, 林军, 何景峰, 等. 2010. 栓皮栎研究进展与未来展望. 西北林学院学报,25(3): 43-49.

Brown A L P, Day F P, Stover D B. 2009. Fine root biomass estimates from minirhizotron imagery in a shrub ecosystem exposed to elevated CO₂. Plant and Soil, 317(1/2): 145-153.

Di lorio A, Montagnoli A, Scippa G S, et al. 2011. Fine root growth of Quercus pubescens seedlings after drought stress and fire disturbance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 74: 272-279.

Domenicano S, Coll L, Messier C, et al. 2011. Nitrogen forms affect root structure and water uptake in the hybrid poplar. New Forests, 42(3): 347-362.

Gill R A, Jackson R B. 2000. Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems. New Phytologist, 147(1): 13-31.

Guo D L, Xia M X, Wei X, et al. 2008. Anatomical traits associated with absorption and mycorrhizal colonization are linked to root branch order in twenty-three Chinese temperate tree species. New Phytologist, 180(3): 673-683.

Heino J. 2005. Positive relationship between regional distribution and local abundance in stream insects: a consequence of niche breadth or niche position? Ecography, 28(3): 345-354.

Kang H Z, Liu C J, Yu W J, et al. 2011. Variation in foliar delta-N¹⁵ among oriental oak(Quercus variabilis)stands over eastern China: Patterns and interactions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 110(1): 8-14.

Legendre P, Gallagher E D. 2001. Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data. Oecologia, 129(2): 271-280.

Lepš J, Šmilauer P. 2003. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lomolino M V, Riddle B R, Brown J. 2006. Biogeography. 3rd ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc.

Markesteijn L, Poorter L. 2009. Seedling root morphology and biomass allocation of 62 tropical tree species in relation to drought-and shade-tolerance. Journal of Ecology, 97(2): 311-325.

Ostonen I, Lohmus K, Helmisaari H S, et al. 2007. Fine root morphological adaptations in Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch along a latitudinal gradient in boreal forests. Tree Physiology, 27(11): 1627-1634.

Pregitzer K S, DeForest J L, Burton A J, et al. 2002. Fine root architecture of nine North American trees. Ecological Monographs, 72(2): 293-309.

Pregitzer K S, King J A, Burton A J, et al. 2000. Responses of tree fine roots to temperature. New Phytologist, 147(1): 105-115.

Sayer M A S, Brissette J C, Barnett J P. 2005. Root growth and hydraulic conductivity of southern pine seedlings in response to soil temperature and water availability after planting. New Forests, 30(2/3): 253-272.

Vogt K A, Grier C C, Vogt D. 1986. Production, turnover, and nutrient dynamics of above-and belowground detritus of world forests. Advances in Ecological Research, 15: 303-377.

Xiao C W, Sang W G, Wang R Z. 2008. Fine root dynamics and turnover rate in an Asia white birch forest of Donglingshan Mountain, China. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(3/4): 765-773.

[1]	方加兴, 武承旭, 卢文娟, 刘福, 张苏芳, 张真, 孔祥波. 横坑切梢小蠹林间危害与诱捕量之间的相关性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(4): 129-135.
[2]	梁森苗, 张淑文, 任海英, 郑锡良, 戚行江. 蜡杨梅与杨梅种间嫁接及亲缘关系分析[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(4): 171-177.
[3]	卫星, 吕琳, 李贵雨, 汤园园. 空气修根对水曲柳无纺布袋容器苗生长及根系发育的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(9): 133-138.
[4]	林文树, 穆丹, 王丽平, 邵立郡, 吴金卓. 针阔混交林不同演替阶段表层土壤理化性质与优势林木生长的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(5): 17-25.
[5]	朱玉杰, 董希斌. 大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 29-38.
[6]	翟辉, 张海, 张超, 周旭. 黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 84-91.
[7]	陈存, 丁昌俊, 苏晓华, 黄秦军. 欧美杨纤维含量构成因素的相关和通径分析[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(11): 124-133.
[8]	白宇清, 谢利娟, 王定跃, 孙延军. 毛棉杜鹃对不同光照及土壤排水条件的生长及生理响应[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(1): 48-54.
[9]	李效文, 夏海涛, 魏红旭, 魏馨, 王金旺, 卢翔, 陈秋夏. 甬台温高速公路绿化林带内不同距离多树种枝叶重金属含量分析[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(12): 17-25.
[10]	蒋新元, 廖媛媛, 郭忠, 孟安, 黄泽才, 杨素文. 7种果壳的热解特性及与主要组分相关性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(12): 79-86.
[11]	马姜明, 黄婧, 杨栋林, 梅军林. 桂林喀斯特石山50种常见植物叶片光合色素含量及耐荫性定量评价[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(10): 67-74.
[12]	许坛, 王华田, 朱婉芮, 王延平, 李传荣, 姜岳忠. 连作杨树细根根序形态及解剖结构[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(1): 119-126.
[13]	宋启亮, 董希斌. 大兴安岭低质阔叶混交林不同改造模式综合评价[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(9): 18-25.
[14]	李文敏, 魏虹, 李昌晓, 陈存根. 基于高光谱参数的枫杨叶绿素含量估算模型优化[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(4): 55-59.
[15]	谷加存, 赵妍丽, 王文娜, 王韶仲, 王政权. 皮层和中柱对水曲柳和落叶松吸收根直径变异的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(10): 59-66.