针阔混交林不同演替阶段表层土壤理化性质与优势林木生长的相关性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 旨在分析不同演替阶段针阔混交林土壤表层理化性质与优势树木生长特性之间的关系, 以期为探索不同林分的生长规律及森林可持续经营提供依据。[方法] 以吉林省蛟河市林业实验区管理局林场的不同演替阶段针阔混交林样地(中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、老龄林)为对象,采用对比方法和主成分分析方法,分析表层土壤理化性质、优势木生长特征及二者间的关系。[结果] 随着针阔混交林演替的进行,林分中优势木的平均胸径呈增加趋势,优势木的平均树高变化不大,红松优势木数量逐渐增加,而胡桃楸优势木数量逐渐减少,春榆、大果榆等优势木随演替进行逐渐退出主林层; 从中龄林到成熟林,土壤密度变化不显著,老龄林土壤密度最小; 随着演替进行,非毛管孔隙度逐渐减小,毛管孔隙度逐渐增大,总孔隙度变化并不明显; 在4个演替阶段中,老龄林土壤毛管持水量与最大持水量均最大,比中龄林分别增加12.98%和27.94%; 在表层土壤化学性质方面,0~20 cm土层pH值表现为成熟林最大,近熟林最小,老龄林介于成熟林和中龄林之间; 土壤有机质含量表现为近熟林最高,成熟林最低; 土壤中全氮、水解氮和有效磷含量均表现为老龄林最高,土壤中全磷、全钾和速效钾含量均表现为近熟林最高; 不同演替阶段优势木的平均树高和平均胸径均与土壤有机质、全磷、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量正相关; 不同演替阶段下优势木的平均树高与土壤密度、非毛管孔隙度和pH值负相关,与有机质、全氮和全钾含量显著正相关; 优势木的平均胸径与土壤密度和全磷含量正相关,与最大持水量和水解氮含量负相关; 土壤最大持水量、土壤密度、全磷和水解氮含量对优势木的径生长过程有较大的影响。[结论] 毛管孔隙度、速效钾和全磷含量是影响不同演替阶段土壤质量的主要因子;经过不同演替阶段,表层土壤理化性质质量的综合得分表现为中龄林 < 成熟林 < 近熟林 < 老龄林;随着演替进行,针阔混交林的表层土壤理化性质基本呈现质量提高趋势,到老龄林时期达到最佳。本研究得到的不同演替阶段针阔混交林林木生长与表层土壤理化性质特征的相关性为进一步实现该地区森林可持续经营提供了科学依据。

关键词: 针阔混交林, 土壤理化性质, 林木生长, 主成分分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aims to analyze the relationship between surface soil physiochemical properties and the growth of dominant trees for mixed forest of conifer and broad-leaved species at different succession stages in order to explore the growth patterns of different stands and provide basis for sustainable forest management. [Method] The mixed forest conifers and broad-leaved trees at different succession stages (middle-aged forest, near-mature forest, mature forest, and old growth forest) in Jiaohe Management Bureau of Forestry Experimental Area, Jilin Province were studied. The methods of comparison and principal component analysis were used to analyze physical and chemical properties of the surface soil, the growth of dominant trees, and the relationship between them. [Result] with the succession of forest, the average diameter at breast height (DBH) of the dominant tree species increased, the average tree height varied slightly, the regeneration of Pinus koraiensis tended to be stable, and the number of Juglans mandshurica, Ulmus davidiana var.japonica, and U.macrocarpa gradually decreased in the upper overstory. With respect to the soil physical properties, the soil density was not significantly different among middle-aged forest, near-mature forest and mature forest and it reached the minimum at the stage of old-growth forest. With the succession of forest, the non-capillary porosity gradually decreased and capillary porosity gradually increased, as a result the variation of the total porosity was not significant. Among the four successional stages, the capillary water holding capacity and maximum water holding capacity at the stage of old-growth forest were the largest, which were 12.98% and 27.94% higher than middle-aged forest. With respect to the chemical properties of surface soil, the pH value of the soil layer at 0-20 cm of mature forest was the largest and that of near-mature forest was the smallest. The pH value of old-growth forest was between mature forest and middle-aged forest. The organic matter content of near-mature forest was the highest and that of mature forest was the lowest. In the old-growth forest, the total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the highest among the four stage forests. The total phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium in the near-mature forest were the highest. The mean tree height and mean DBH of the dominant tree species at different successional stages were all positively correlated with organic matter content, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium (mean tree height: r=0.980, 0.447, 0.921, 0.341, 0.546; mean DBH: r=0.003, 0.803, 0.083, 0.252, 0.448). The mean tree height of the dominant tree species was also negatively correlated with soil density, non-capillary porosity and pH value (r=-0.742, -0.358, -0.416), and significantly positively related to organic matter content, total nitrogen, and total potassium (r=0.980, 0.910, 0.921). The mean DBH of the dominant tree species was also positively correlated with soil density and total phosphorus (r=0.780, 0.803) and negatively correlated with maximum water holding capacity, and hydrolysable nitrogen (r=-0.562, -0.619). The maximum soil water holding capacity, soil density, hydrolysable nitrogen, and total phosphorus had great impacts on the diameter growth of the dominant tree species. [Conclusion] Capillary porosity, total phosphorus, and available potassium were the main factors affecting surface soil quality at different forest successional stages. The order of the comprehensive score of physical-chemical properties of surface soil at different forest succession stages was as follows: middle-aged forest

Key words: mixed forest of conifers and broad-leaved trees, soil physical-chemical properties, tree growth, PCA, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S714.2

林文树, 穆丹, 王丽平, 邵立郡, 吴金卓. 针阔混交林不同演替阶段表层土壤理化性质与优势林木生长的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(5): 17-25.

Lin Wenshu, Mu Dan, Wang Liping, Shao Lijun, Wu Jinzhuo. Correlation between the Growth of Dominant Trees and Surface Soil Physiochemical Properties of Conifer and Broad-Leaved Mixed Forest at Different Succession Stages[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(5): 17-25.

参考文献

陈立新,姜一,段文标,等. 2015. 红松混交林凋落物氮储量及分解释放对土壤氮的影响. 生态学杂志, 34(1):114-121.
(Chen L X, Jiang Y, Duan W B, et al. 2015. Effect of litter nitrogen storage and nitrogen release of litter decomposition on soil nitrogen in Pinus koraiensis mixed forests. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 34(1):114-121.[in Chinese])
代海军. 2013. 吉林蛟河阔叶红松林主要树种异速生长模型. 北京: 北京林业大学硕士学位论文.
(Dai H J. 2013. Allometric models of dominant tree species in Korean Pine Broadleaf forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Province. Beijing: MS thesis of Beijing Forestry University.[in Chinese])
丁胜建,张春雨,夏富才,等. 2012.老龄阔叶红松林下层木空间分布的生境关联分析. 生态学报, 32(11):3334-3342.
(Ding S J, Zhang C Y, Xia F C, et al. 2012. Habitat associations of understorey species spatial distribution in old growth broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(11):3334-3342)
纪浩, 董希斌. 2012. 大兴安岭低质林改造后土壤肥力综合评价. 林业科学,11(48):117-123.
(Ji H, Dong X B. 2012. Comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility after transformation of the low-quality forest in the Daxing'anling mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 11(48):117-123.[in Chinese])
贾志清. 2002. 太行山封育区森林土壤肥力的特性研究. 水土保持通报, 22(3): 28-31.
(Jia Z Q. 2002. Forest soil fertility characteristics in closure area of Taihang Mountain. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 22(3): 28-31.[in Chinese])
姜俊,赵秀海. 2011. 吉林蛟河针阔混交林群落优势种群种间联结性. 林业科学, 47(12):149-153.
(Jiang J, Zhao X H. 2011. Interspecific correlations among dominant tree species in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest communities in Jiaohe, Jilin Province. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 47(12):149-153.[in Chinese])
姜勇. 2009. 森林生态系统微量元素循环及其影响因素. 应用生态学报, 20(1):197-204.
(Jiang Y. 2009. Micronutrient cycling and its affecting factors in forest ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20(1):197-204.[in Chinese])
李文影,满秀玲,张阳武. 2009.不同林龄白桦次生林土壤特性及其水源涵养功能. 中国水土保持科学, 7(5):63-69.
(Li W Y, Man X L, Zhang Y W. 2009.Soil properties and water conservation function of Betula platyphylla secondary forest with different stand ages. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 7(5):63-69.[in Chinese])
鲁如坤. 1999. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京:中国农业科技出版社.
(Lu R K. 1999. Soil agricultural chemical analysis method. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing House.[in Chinese].)
彭萱亦. 2014. 不同演替阶段针阔混交林生物多样性评价指标体系研究. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学硕士学位论文.
(Peng X Y. 2014. Study on forest biodiversity evaluation system for conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest at different successional stages. Harbin: MS thesis of Northeast Forestry University.[in Chinese])
王纪军, 裴铁璠. 2004. 气候变化对森林演替的影响. 应用生态学报, 15(10):1722-1730.
(Wang J J, Pei T F. 2004. Effects of climate change on forest succession. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 15(10):1722-1730.[in Chinese])
王琳琳,陈立新,刘振花,等. 2008. 红松阔叶混交林不同演替阶段土壤肥力与林木生长的关系. 中国水土保持科学, 6(4):59-65.
(Wang L L, Chen L X, Liu Z H, et al. 2008. Relationship between soil fertility and tree growth in the broad-leaved Pinus korariensis forest at different growth periods. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 6(4):59-65.[in Chinese])
王树力. 2006. 不同经营类型红松林对汤旺河流域土壤性质的影响. 水土保持学报, 20 (2):90-93.
(Wang S L. 2006. Effects of different management types of Pinus koraiensis forest on soil properties around Tangwang River. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 20 (2):90-93.[in Chinese])
魏强, 凌雷, 柴春山, 等. 2012. 甘肃兴隆山森林演替过程中的土壤理化性质. 生态学报, 32(15): 4700-4713.
(Wei Q, Ling L, Chai C S, et al. 2012. Soil physical and chemical properties in forest succession process in Xinglong Mountain of Gansu. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(15): 4700-4713.[in Chinese])
吴金卓, 蔡小溪, 林文树. 2015. 吉林蛟河不同演替阶段针阔混交林土壤健康评价.东北林业大学学报, 43(6):78-82.
(Wu J Z, Cai X X, Lin W S. 2015. Assessment on the soil health of conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests at different sucessional stages in Jiaohe, Jilin Province. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 43(6):78-82.[in Chinese])
杨晓娟. 2013. 东北长白山系低山丘陵区不同林分土壤肥力质量研究. 北京: 北京林业大学硕士学位论文.
(Yang X J. 2013. Soil fertility quality of different stands in the low mountains and hills of Changbai Mountain Region, Northeast China. Beijing: MS thesis of Beijing Forestry University.[in Chinese])
张春雨, 赵秀海, 郑景明. 2006. 长白山阔叶红松林林隙与林下土壤性质对比研究. 林业科学研究, 19 (3):347-352.
(Zhang C Y, Zhao X H, Zheng J M. 2006. A study on soil properties in forest gaps and under canopy in broad-leaved Pinus koriensis forest in Changbai Mountain. Forest Research, 19 (3):347-352.[in Chinese])
张庆费, 宋永昌, 由文辉. 1999. 浙江天童植物群落次生演替与土壤肥力的关系. 生态学报, 19 (2):174-178.
(Zhang Q F, Song Y C, You W H. 1999. Relationship between plant community secondary succession and soil fertility in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 19 (2):174-178.[in Chinese])
Burslem D, Swaine M D. 2003. Associations between tree growth, soil fertility and water availability at local and regional scales in Ghanaian tropical rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 19(2):109-125.
Costa A, Madeira M, Oliveira A C. 2008. The relationship between cork oak growth patterns and soil, slope and drainage in a cork oak woodland in Southern Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(5/6):1525-1535.
Crisp P N, Dickinson K J M, Gibbs G W. 1998.Dose native inverte-brate diversity reflect native plant diversity?A case study from New Zealand and implications for conservation. Biological Conservation,83(2):209-220.
Fisher R F,Binklet D. 2000. Ecology and management of forest soils. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
He Y Q, Shen Q R, Wang X X. 2003.Dynamic of nutrients in artificial forest soil in low hill red soil region. Soils, 35(3): 222-226.
Lilienfein, Wilcke W, Thomas R, et al. 2001. Effects of Pinus caribaea forests on the C, N, P, and S status of Brazilian Savanna Oxisols. Forest Ecology and Management, 147(2/3):171-182.
Mano N, Sterba H. 2006.Site index functions for Cupressus lusitanica at Munesa Shashemene, Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 237(1/3):429-435.
Meng S, Huang S, Yang Y, et al. 2009. Evaluation of population-averaged and subject-specific approaches for modeling the dominant or codominant height of lodgepole pine species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39:1148-1158.
Oliveira-Filho A T, Curi N, Vilela E A, et al. 2001. Variation in tree community composition and structure with changes in soil properties within a fragment of semideciduous forest in south-eastern Brazil. Edinburgh J Bot, 58:139-158.
Rocha G N, Goncalves J L M, Moura I M. 2004. Changes in soil fertility and growth of an Eucalyptus grandis plantation fertilized with biosolid. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 28(4):623-639.
Souza J P D, Araújo G M, Haridasan M. 2007. Influence of soil fertility on the distribution of tree species in a deciduous forest in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil. Plant Ecology, 191(2):253-263.
Vieira S R, Pierre L H, Grego C R, et al. 2010. A geostatistical analysis of rubber tree growth characteristics and soil physical attributes. Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics, 16:255-264.

[1]	刘济铭, 陈仲, 孙操稳, 王连春, 何秋阳, 戴腾飞, 姚娜, 高世轮, 赵国春, 史双龙, 贾黎明, 翁学煌. 无患子属种质资源种实性状变异及综合评价[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(6): 44-54.
[2]	徐雪蕾, 孙玉军, 周华, 张鹏, 胡杨, 王新杰. 间伐强度对杉木人工林林下植被和土壤性质的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(3): 1-12.
[3]	何怀江, 张忠辉, 张春雨, 郝珉辉, 姚杰, 解蛰, 高海涛, 赵秀海. 采伐强度对东北针阔混交林林分生长和物种多样性的短期影响[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 1-12.
[4]	陈金磊, 方晰, 辜翔, 李雷达, 刘兆丹, 王留芳, 张仕吉. 中亚热带2种森林群落组成、结构及区系特征[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 159-172.
[5]	周伟, 王文杰, 何兴元, 张波, 肖路, 王琼, 吕海亮, 魏晨辉. 哈尔滨城市绿地土壤肥力及其空间特征[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(9): 9-17.
[6]	王舒甜, 张金池, 郑丹扬, 王金平, 李伟强. 钟山风景区土壤环境对人为踩踏扰动的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(8): 9-16.
[7]	罗青红, 宁虎森, 何苗, 吉小敏, 雷春英. 5种沙地灌木对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(11): 29-42.
[8]	朱玉杰, 董希斌. 大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 29-38.
[9]	翟辉, 张海, 张超, 周旭. 黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 84-91.
[10]	郭学民, 刘建珍, 翟江涛, 肖啸, 吕亚媚, 李丹丹, 裴士美, 张立彬. 16个品种桃叶片解剖结构与树干抗寒性的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(8): 33-43.
[11]	李效文, 夏海涛, 魏红旭, 魏馨, 王金旺, 卢翔, 陈秋夏. 甬台温高速公路绿化林带内不同距离多树种枝叶重金属含量分析[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(12): 17-25.
[12]	马姜明, 黄婧, 杨栋林, 梅军林. 桂林喀斯特石山50种常见植物叶片光合色素含量及耐荫性定量评价[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(10): 67-74.
[13]	宋启亮, 董希斌. 大兴安岭低质阔叶混交林不同改造模式综合评价[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(9): 18-25.
[14]	张连刚, 支玲, 张静, 谢彦明. 林业专业合作组织满意度的多层次模糊综合评价[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(8): 154-161.
[15]	李晓宇, 杨成超, 彭建东, 杨志岩, 张妍. 杨树苗期抗寒性综合评价体系的构建[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(7): 44-51.