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林业科学 ›› 2003, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 1-9.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20030501

• 论文及研究报告 •    下一篇

海南霸王岭热带山地雨林森林循环与群落特征研究

臧润国 杨彦承 林瑞昌 杨秀森   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091;中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091;海南省霸王岭林业局,昌江572722
  • 收稿日期:2001-11-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2003-09-25 发布日期:2003-09-25

STUDY ON THE FOREST CYCLE AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS IN A TROPICAL MONTANE RAIN FOREST IN BAWANGLING, HAINAN PROVINCE

Zang Runguo,Yang Yancheng,Lin Ruichang,Yang Xiusen   

  1. Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection, CAF Beijing100091;Institute of Forest Resources and Information Technology,CAF Beijing100091;awangling Forestry Bureau of Hainan Province Changjiang572722
  • Received:2001-11-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2003-09-25 Published:2003-09-25

摘要:

以海南霸王岭1 hm2 热带山地雨林的网格样方调查数据为基础,首先对全林分的群落特征进行了分析,然后以森林循环理论为指导,研究了热带山地雨林的种群与群落特征。结果表明:热带山地雨林中不同生活型的树种在利用垂直和水平生态资源上是相对分离的,绝大部分的灌木或小乔木树种的水平生态位宽度较大,垂直生态位宽度较小,中、大乔木则正好相反,而那些低密度、稀有种的生态位宽度最小。随森林循环过程的进行,各树种在不同阶段斑块内出现的频度也会发生相应的变化。霸王岭热带山地雨林中占优势的乔灌木树种大都呈聚集分布的格局,个体数中等的树种大都呈均匀分布的格局,而那些个体数少的低密度种则大都呈随机分布的格局。随着森林循环过程的推进,每个树种所拥有的个体数和所占据的面积是逐渐减少的。森林循环不同阶段内的树种数随着个体数的增加呈现出逐渐减少的总趋势,尤其是由单个体和双个体所对应的物种数较多,3个以上个体对应的树种数则呈现出明显的下降。不同斑块之间组成相似性的大小在一定程度上表明了热带山地雨林森林循环斑块动态的连续性,相邻阶段斑块之间的相似性大于不相邻阶段斑块。以森林循环阶段为基础计算的生态位宽度表明,热带山地雨林中大部分低密度的树种或只集中分布在森林循环的少数阶段斑块内的树种对不同阶段斑块的生态资源利用较少,而那些在森林循环的不同阶段都出现,且个体数或断面积中等的树种,对森林循环不同阶段斑块的生态资源利用较大

关键词: 森林循环, 群落, 生态位, 物种多样性, 热带雨林

Abstract:

According to the theory of forest growth cycle, forest communities are dynamic mosaic systems composed of patches in different developmental stages. On basis of the quandrats investigation carried out in a 1 hm2 tropical montane rain forest in Bawangling, Hainan Province, the community characteristics of the whole forest stand were analyzed.The population and community features were studied based on the theory of forest cycle. The result showed that the utilization of ecological resources in the horizontal and vertical directions for trees of different life forms were relatively separate. Most shrubs and small statured trees had greater niche breadth values in the horizontal direction, and had less niche breadth values in the vertical direction ,and those for the middle or tall trees were on the contrary. The niche breadth for the rare and low density species were the least in both directions. With the progress of forest cycle, the frequency of different species presented in different patch types changed accordingly. The distribution patterns for most dominant trees and shrubs in the community were clumped, those for the trees having moderate individuals were uniform, and those for the low density species were random. In the process of forest cycle, the individuals owned by each species and the space occupied by each species decreased gradually. The numbers of species in different patch types in the forest cycle decreased with the increase of numbers of individuals. The numbers of species with 1 individuals and 2 individuals were most abundant ,and the numbers of species with more than 3 individuals decreased apparently in the investigated forest. Similarity analysis showed that the dynamic changes of patches in the forest cycle were somewhat continuous and gradual, the similarities between the neighboring stages were greater than those non_neighboring stages in the forest cycle. Calculation of niche breadth for different species on basis of the theory of forest cycle showed that the utilization of ecological resources in different patches by the low density species or those confined only in certain patches were comparatively less, while those species presented in most patches and had moderate numbers of individuals or moderate basal areas had greater utilizations for the ecological resources in the forest cycle.

Key words: Forest cycle, Community, Niche, Species diversity, Tropical rain forest