云南松3种切梢小蠹梢转干期竞争共存的时空生态位

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究横坑切梢小蠹、云南切梢小蠹和短毛切梢小蠹梢转干期在寄主云南松树冠和树干中的分布规律及三者之间的竞争互存关系，为其种群监测和综合防治提供理论基础。方法: 采用抽样调查法，根据生态位理论，从时间和空间资源利用上分析云南省大理市祥云县云南松梢转干期树冠和树干中3种切梢小蠹的种群分布和生态位关系。结果: 树冠中横坑切梢小蠹雌、雄高峰期均晚于云南切梢小蠹，短毛切梢小蠹无明显高峰期；横坑切梢小蠹主要分布在树冠下层，云南切梢小蠹和短毛切梢小蠹主要分布在树冠上层；云南切梢小蠹入侵初期可分布于整个树干，随着横坑切梢小蠹由树干基部向上部入侵过程而逐步向中上部分布；横坑切梢小蠹虫口密度在树干不同高度差异显著，而云南切梢小蠹虫口密度则在蛀干后期差异显著；3种切梢小蠹种间在时间和空间资源利用上存在差异，且性别间也存在差异；横坑切梢小蠹的时间生态位宽度大于云南切梢小蠹，但在空间资源利用上弱于云南切梢小蠹，短毛切梢小蠹与横坑切梢小蠹和云南切梢小蠹在时间资源利用上生态位分离；横坑切梢小蠹、云南切梢小蠹和短毛切梢小蠹在1月对空间资源的利用最大。结论: 横坑切梢小蠹和云南切梢小蠹通过对时空资源的分配和弥补达到种群共存和同源竞争，短毛切梢小蠹与横坑切梢小蠹和云南切梢小蠹在时间资源利用上生态位分离。

关键词: 切梢小蠹, 种间竞争, 种间共存, 生态位

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the distribution regulation and relationship of competition and coexistence of three Tomicus minor, T. yunnanensis and T. brevipilosus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) infesting Pinus yunnanensis shoots and trunks during the transferring stage from shoot to trunk, and provide theoretical support for population monitoring and integrated control of the three Tomicus species in the future. Method: Based on niche theory, the relationship between niche and population distribution of three Tomicus spp. feeding on P.yunnanensis during the transferring stage from shoot to trunk was studied by using sampling method with pruner in Xiangyun County, Yunnan province. Result: The peak time in both sexes of T. minor was later than that of T. yunnanensis in the crowns of P. yunnanensis, respectively, while there was no significant peak of T. brevipilosus. T. minor was distributed in the base of crowns, while T. yunnanensis and T. brevipilosus were distributed in the upper parts. In the early stage of invasion, T. yunnanensis was distributed in the whole stems of P. yunnanensis, and gradually distributed to the middle-upper part of stem as T. minor infested from the base to upper of stem. The population density of T. minor was significantly different in different heights of Yunnan pine trees, while that of T. yunnanensis was significantly different during the later stage of trunk-boring. There was significant difference in the temporal- and spatial- niche among the three Tomicus species, as well as between the sexes. The temporal-niche breadth in T. minor was more than that T. yunnanensi. On the contrary, the spatial-niche in T. minor was lower than that T. yunnanensi. Conclusion: T. minor and T. yunnanensis co-existed and homologously competed with each other through the allocation and compensation of spatial and temporal resources. The temporal resources in T. brevipilosus were separated from the former two beetle species.

Key words: Tomicus spp., interspecific competition, interspecific coexistence, niche

中图分类号:

S718.7

武承旭,刘福,孔祥波,张苏芳,张真. 云南松3种切梢小蠹梢转干期竞争共存的时空生态位[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(3): 90-99.

Chengxu Wu,Fu Liu,Xiangbo Kong,Sufang Zhang,Zhen Zhang. Spatiotemporal Niche of Competition and Coexistence of Three Tomicus spp. Infesting Pinus yunnanensis during the Transferring Stage from Shoots to Trunk[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(3): 90-99.

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生态位 Niche	种类 Species		横坑切梢小蠹 T.minor		云南切梢小蠹 T.yunnanensis		短毛切梢小蠹 T.brevipilosus
生态位 Niche	种类 Species		♀	♂	♀	♂	♀	♂
时间生态位 Temporal niche	横坑切梢小蠹 T. minor	♀	0.851 3	0.178 8	0.203 3	0.193 5	0.164 7	0.151 1
	横坑切梢小蠹 T. minor	♂	0.841 9	0.963 3	0.201 1	0.199 0	0.177 9	0.187 0
	云南切梢小蠹 T. yunnanensis	♀	0.814 1	0.740 1	0.730 2	0.171 9	0.146 8	0.130 4
	云南切梢小蠹 T. yunnanensis	♂	0.9452	0.8583	0.803 2	0.896 8	0.175 2	0.165 3
	短毛切梢小蠹 T. brevipilosus	♀	0.700 2	0.739 8	0.670 3	0.752 0	0.771 4	0.150 0
	短毛切梢小蠹 T. brevipilosus	♂	0.6697	0.8030	0.648 4	0.724 4	0.722 2	0.914 3

空间生态位 Spatial niche	横坑切梢小蠹 T. minor	♀	0.991 4	0.334 2	0.330 2	0.329 8	0.316 1	0.110 6
	横坑切梢小蠹 T. minor	♂	0.974 5	0.983 4	0.326 5	0.326 4	0.308 6	0.321 6
	云南切梢小蠹 T. yunnanensis	♀	0.945 6	0.920 1	0.995 8	0.332 8	0.334 3	0.331 6
	云南切梢小蠹 T. yunnanensis	♂	0.9507	0.925 2	0.985 7	0.998 2	0.336 7	0.333 5
	短毛切梢小蠹 T. brevipilosus	♀	0.748 8	0.741 2	0.788 6	0.797 8	0.820 5	0.294 9
	短毛切梢小蠹 T. brevipilosus	♂	0.873 8	0.866 2	0.913 6	0.922 8	0.875 0	0.969 7

生态位 Niche	种类 Species		横坑切梢小蠹 T.minor		云南切梢小蠹 T.yunnanensis		短毛切梢小蠹 T.brevipilosus
生态位 Niche	种类 Species		♀	♂	♀	♂	♀	♂
时间生态位 Temporal niche	横坑切梢小蠹 T. minor	♀	1.000 0	0.950 8	0.941 3	0.993 1	0.783 8	0.782 8
	横坑切梢小蠹 T. minor	♂		1.000 0	0.875 7	0.959 8	0.795 9	0.910 8
	云南切梢小蠹 T.yunnanensis	♀			1.000 0	0.952	0.754 6	0.729 8
	云南切梢小蠹 T.yunnanensis	♂				1.000 0	0.812 2	0.834 4
	短毛切梢小蠹 T.brevipilosus	♀					1.000 0	0.816 5
	短毛切梢小蠹 T.brevipilosus	♂						1.000 0

空间生态位 Spatial niche	横坑切梢小蠹 T.minor	♀	1.000 0	0.998 5	0.992 9	0.992 8	0.862 8	0.964 7
	横坑切梢小蠹 T.minor	♂		1.000 0	0.985 7	0.986 5	0.845 7	0.958 1
	云南切梢小蠹 T.yunnanensis	♀			1.000 0	0.999 5	0.910 2	0.981 5
	云南切梢小蠹 T.yunnanensis	♂				1.000 0	0.915 8	0.986 1
	短毛切梢小蠹 T.brevipilosus	♀					1.000 0	0.961 7
	短毛切梢小蠹 T.brevipilosus	♂						1.000 0

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