【Objective】Based on data obtained from a survey of sample plots of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in Loess gullies in eastern Gansu, the biomass, carbon concentration, carbon density and patterns of their distribution were analyzed, in order to provide the basic data for estimation of carbon benefits of the plantations in the area.【Method】12-year-old plantations of R. pseudoacacia and P. tabulaeformis in Loess gullies in eastern Gansu were measured through survey of sample plots and actual measurements of biomass, in order to study biomass production of different tree organs, shrub & grass layer and litter layer; carbon storage and its allocation in the layers of tree, shrub, grass, litter and soil.【Result】The mean carbon content in the tree layer of R. pseudoacacia plantation(468.44 g ·kg^-1)was less than that of P. tabulaeformis(512.77 g ·kg^-1). The carbon content among various tree organs of R.pseudoacacia varied from 458.00 g ·kg^-1 to 496.96 g ·kg^-1, in an order: stem > branch > leaf > root > bark. The carbon content among various tree organs of P.tabulaeformis ranged from 503.83 g ·kg^-1 to 536.27 g ·kg^-1, in an order: stem > leaf > branch > bark > root. The mean carbon contents of R. pseudoacacia in different layers were: herb (390.52 g ·kg^-1), shrub (39 8.72 g ·kg^-1), litter (402.82 g ·kg^-1);The mean carbon contents of P. tabulaeformis in different layers were: herb (413.17 g ·kg^-1), shrub (436.85 g ·kg^-1), litter (414.03 g ·kg^-1). The carbon content in soil layer decreased with soil depth, and the carbon content was higher in surface soil layer (0-10 cm) than in the other layers;The mean carbon content in 0-50 cm soil layer of R. pseudoacacia (4.96 g ·kg^-1) was higher than that of P. tabulaeformis forests (4.45 g ·kg^-1). The total biomass of vegetation layer of R. pseudoacacia was 54.80 t ·hm^-2, of which Arbor layer, herb layer and shrub layer accounted for 95.88%, 2.65%, 1.46%; The total biomass of vegetation layer of P. tabulaeformis was 24.37 t ·hm^-2, of which arbor layer, herb layer, shrub layer accounted respectively for 93.43%, 5.17%, and 1.40%. The biomass and carbon density of the litter layer of R. pseudoacacia was 1.36 t ·hm^-2, 0.55 t ·hm^-2, accounting for 2.48%, 2.12% of the vegetation layer; The biomass and carbon density of P. tabulaeformis was 0.92 t ·hm^-2, 0.39 t ·hm^-2, accounting for 3.78%, 3.09% of the vegetation layer. The soil carbon density of R. pseudoacacia and P. tabulaeformis were 31.15 t ·hm^-2 and 24.35 t ·hm^-2. The carbon density was higher in the soil layer of 0-10 cm, accounting for 40.19% and 38.73%.And the carbon density of their ecosystem were 57.60 and 37.38 t ·hm^-2, and their distribution were: soil layer > vegetation > litter layer. 【Conclusion】The vegetation biomass of R. pseudoacacia and P. tabulaeformis was in the order: Arbor layer > herb layer > shrub layer, and the stem was the largest of the Arbor layer, accounting for 40.02%, 37.29%. Results indicated that most ecosystem carbon density of two plantations stored in soil and vegetation, carbon sequestration ability of R. pseudoacacia was higher compared to P. tabulaeformis plantation.

【Objective】 Aimed at the problems of high stand density, poor timber productivity, low coverage of understory vegetation and poor natural regeneration of Cupressus funebris plantation in hilly areas in central Sichuan, a thinning experiment was carried out to analyze the impacts of different thinning intensities on the stand growth and the understory plants and to provide guidance for managing eco-economic protection forests in the region. 【Method】 A 25 years old cypress plantation was used for the experiment, four thinning intensities (20%-25%, 15%-20%, 10%-15%, and control) were used with a randomized block experimental design. DBH, height, volume, biodiversity, and number of naturally regenerated seedlings were measured to determine their responses to different thinning intensities.【Result】The results indicated that the mean stand DBH and current annual increment (CAI) of DBH were significantly different among various thinning intensities, and a higher thinning intensity led to a higher DHB increment. The maximum mean height (10.7 m) occurred in stands with 20%-25% thinning intensities, but not significantly different from those of thinning intensity of 15%-20% and 10%-15%.However, significant differences were found in the height CAI among the four thinning intensities. Standing volume was 97.35, 93.43, and 93.19 m³ ·hm^-2 respectively in stand with thinning intensity of 20%-25%, 15%-20%, and 10%-15%, and were lower than that of the control. But the volume CAI was 6.11, 4.58, and 3.66 m³ ·hm^-2a^-1 respectively and higher than that of the control. The Simpson index of shrubs and herbs for stand thinned at 20% -25% was 0.769 5 and 0.444 6, Shannon-Wiener index was 1.702 5 and 0.769 0 respectively, and the values of both indices were higher than that of the other thinning intensities. The number of naturally-regenerated seedlings was significantly different among different thinning intensities only for seedlings of 5-30 cm in height, but no significant differences for seedlings of 30-50 and 50-150 cm height classes. A comprehensive evaluation showed that the highest score was found for the thinning intensity of 20%-25%, and the total score decreased with the lowering of thinning intensity. 【Conclusion】The growing space and nutritional condition were effectively improved for the retained trees after thinning, stand DBH and height were increased with the increase of thinning intensity. However, the stand volume was not significantly different among the four thinning intensities. Besides, thinning at appropriate intensities can increase the biodiversity indices of shrubs and herbs, the quantity of naturally regenerated seedlings also increased with the increase of thinning intensity. 20%-25% was the better one among the 4 thinning intensities for silvicultural interventions for the middle aged cypress plantation in the region.

【Objective The aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of variation of soil enzyme activity in the litter decomposed at different extents in Larix kaempferi plantation stands at different development stages, in order to provide a theoretic basis for promoting litter decomposition, speeding up nutrient cycling and alleviating soil degradation.【Method】 Litter samples at different extents of decomposition were collected respectively in mid May, early August and mid October in 2013. Eight soil enzymes related to litter decomposition were chosen to detect their activities and relations with pH-value and water content. 【Result】 The soil enzyme activity was in the following order: un-decomposed litter layer > semi-decomposed layer > decomposed layer, except the enzyme laccase. The enzymes playing major roles were different among litter layers. The activities of amylase and acid phosphatase were the most significant in the un-decomposed litter layer. whereas the activities of laccase and endoglueanase were the highest in the semi-decomposed layer.As in decomposed layer, the activities of laccase, endo-cellulase and β-glucosidase were the most detectable. It showed that amylase and acid phosphatase played the major role in the initial decomposition stage, and laccase and cellulose played the major role in the middle and late stages. On the whole, the soil enzyme activities in the litters were higher in young and mature stands and lower in the pre-mature stand. In the young stand, the cellulase, amylase, invertase and chinase displayed higher activities. In the mature stand, the phosphatase and chinase showed the highest activity. And amylase, invertase and β-glucosidase also showed higher activities. In the pre-mature stand, the amylase, invertase, acid phosphatase, cellulase and chinase displayed lower activities. The activities of amylase, endo-cellulase and β-glucosidase were lower in the middle-age stand than in the young stand, and higher than in the pre-mature stand. The variation trends of soil enzyme activity were consistent with the growth of understory vegetation and contrary to the storage volume of litter. Most enzymes showed the highest activities in May, rather than in August in which the temperature was higher. Furthermore, the analysis of correlation of soil enzyme activity with pH-value and water content showed that soil enzyme activity were influenced by the water content and the pH-value more easily in semi-decomposed layer than in the layers with other extents of decomposition, more easily in pre-mature and mature stands than in stands at other development stages, and in August than in other months. 【Conclusion】 The soil enzymes playing the main role were different among stand development stages and among extents of litter decomposition. Understory vegetation played an important role in the litter decomposition of L. kaempfer plantation. The development of understory vegetation can be promoted by thinning or by introducing natural understory vegetation with high nitrogen content, more tolerance to shading and acid. The pre-mature stand is a turning point in the development of L. kaempfer plantation, whose canopy density is higher and understory vegetation is underdeveloped, therefore, we should pay more attention to the scientific management of pre-mature stand by implementing feasible and workable measures for relieving the soil degradation of L. kaempfer plantation.

【Objective】 Moso bamboo is a very important forest resource in Zhejiang province and China. It has excellent carbon sequestration potential and can play an important role in coping with climate change. The international society have gradually recognized REDD + forest carbon sequestration mechanism and greatly expanded the development space of forest carbon sinks and also brought opportunities and challenges for China's bamboo management in recent years. In this study, vegetation biomass carbon pool was changed to affect soil carbon pool through bamboo forest management. The two-factor randomized block design was used to eliminate the influence of topographical factors and two management measures (fertilization and cutting) were applied to investigate the changes in soil organic carbon (SOM) concentration and carbon (C) storage in bamboo forest ecosystems during the period from 2010 to 2013. The results showed that under different treatments, the greatest changes in SOM concentration ranged between -0.52 (± 0.62)% and 0.75 (± 0.44)% in 0-10 cm soil layer. Significant differences (P<0.01) in SOM concentration changes were found in treatments of A₂B₃ (intermediate fertilization level with low-intensity cutting measure) and A₁B₁ (high fertilization level with high-intensity cutting measure). Total SOM storage of the intermediate fertilization level increased as much 3.61 times and 5.05 times greater than those of the high fertilization level and no fertilization treatments, respectively. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in SOM storage changes at 0-10 cm soil layer between high fertilization level and intermediate fertilization level. Total SOM storage of the low-intensity cutting treatment increased as much 5.51 times and 1.63 times greater than those of the high intensity cutting measure and medium intensity cutting measure, respectively. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in SOM storage changes in 0-10 cm soil layer between high intensity cutting and low-intensity cutting treatment. For different treatments, the changes of total SOM storage were between -15.56 (±10.21) tC ·hm^-2 and 53.15 (± 37.81) tC ·hm^-2. Among the treatments, the difference of SOM storage changes was significant (P<0.01) between A₂B₃ (intermediate fertilization level with low-intensity cutting measure) and A₁B₁ (high fertilization level with high intensity cutting measure). The effect figure indicated that the A₂B₃ treatment (intermediate fertilization level with low-intensity cutting measure) was the best effect in both SOM concentration and storage changes in 0-50 cm soil layer while A₁B₁ (high fertilization level with high intensity cutting measure) treatment showed a worst effect in that soil layer. Even though the high fertilization level with high intensity cutting measure had guaranteed a large amount output of bamboo timber, it interrupted the original bamboo forest ecological structure, and also had adverse impact on both SOM concentration and carbon storage. Thus, from the carbon sink accumulation of moso bamboo forest ecosystem, it was not a desirable management measure. We will set several horizontal gradients near the intermediate fertilization level to find out the most reasonable fertilizing amount based on test results. With the extension of time, the test result in fixed sample will be hoping to make a more accurate and thorough explanation of the SOM changes under different management measures. Meanwhile, different management measures will not only impact on soil carbon pool, but also change vegetation carbon pool significantly during bamboo forest management. and may accompany the carbon emissions and carbon leakage problem. All of those will become various factors and links in studying the comprehensive effect of different management measures on bamboo forest ecosystem carbon in the future.

【Objective】 This paper focuses on how NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N deposition impacts the growth of different provenances of Schima superba, especially in phosphorous (P) deficit soils. The results could formulate the breeding strategy of S. superba under N deposition. 【Methods】 Three representative provenances were chosen for study. These were Zhejiang Hangzhou provenance which was stand for north edge area, Fujian Jian'ou provenance which was stand for central area, and Jiangxi Xinfeng provenance which was stand for south-central edge area. One-year-old of three provenances of S. superba seedlings grown on P-limited (1.1 mg kg^-1) and P-Normal soil (25 mg ·kg^-1) were treated with NaNO₃ and NH₄Cl solutions at the following levels: 0, 80, and 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1, respectively. Completely randomized experimental design was conducted and twelve seedlings were contained in each provenance and treatment. The seedlings were harvest on November 2013, and the seedling characteristics and the root, steam, the leaf N and P content were measured. 【Results】 The results showed that the growth of S.superba was significant different with different forms of nitrogen deposition and it was enlarged by P addition. The coefficient of variation of biomass and root:aboveground mass ratio (RAR) were greater under lower-P supply. S. superba responded positively to NO₃^--N under lower-P soil and the seedling height, SBD and biomass were 4.5 %, 17.8 % and 75.2 % higher than that with NH₄⁺-N. S. superba's leaf N and P concentrations increased with NO₃^--N treatments, and the leaf N:P ratios was decreased. The NH₄⁺-N addition had more inhibitory impact, by decreasing leaf P content and increased the leaf N:P ratios, and made plants prone to P limitation. While in high-P soil, NH₄⁺-N had promotion affection. The seedling height, SBD and biomass were 13.5 %, 10.4 % and 25.4 % higher than with NO₃^--N. Whether in low-P or in high-P treatment, NO₃^--N decreased the leaf N:P ratios and NH₄⁺-N increased the leaf N:P ratios. There were significant differences among provenances with different forms of nitrogen deposition. Under low-P treatment, the seedling growth of Fujian Jian'ou provenance and Jiangxi Xinfeng provenance were inhibited by NH₄⁺-N, however, the seedling height and SBD were increased 19% and 20% respectively by NH₄⁺-N80. 【Conclusions】 NO₃^--N increased the seedling of S. superba growth when soil P was lower. When soil P increased, NH₄⁺-N instead of the increased effect and the difference between seedlings was larger. Zhejiang Hangzhou provenance was more adaptive to NH₄⁺-N addition while Fujian Jianou and Jiangxi Xinfeng provenances were more adaptive to NO₃^--N.

【Objective】In this study, we investigated the effects of high temperature on photosystemⅡkinetics activity and de-epoxidation level of xanthophyll cycle components in leaves of Forsythia suspensa to reveal the behavioral characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus under heat stress, and thereby enrich the research field on plant efficient utilization of light energy. 【Method】The leaf discs collected from near the midrib of F. suspensa leaves were used as the material and subjected to nine different temperature levels (26 ℃, 31 ℃, 34 ℃, 37 ℃, 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 46 ℃, 49 ℃ and 52 ℃) with three different treatment time levels (5 min, 25 min and 45 min). After the treatments, the leaf discs were maintained in darkness for 30 minutes at 26 ℃, and then their chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using MINI-IMAGING-PAM system and their diffusing reflectance was tested by QE65 spectrometer, respectively. 【Result】The maximal photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) obviously decreased at 43 ℃, 37 ℃ and 37 ℃, respectively treated for 5min, 25min and 45min, while the actual photochemical efficiency (Y(Ⅱ)) decreased steadily, at 43℃, 31℃ and 31℃ under the heat stress time of 5 min, 25 min and 45 min. With the increase of treatment temperature and time, the minimum fluorescence of dark adaptation (F_o) and the photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (q_P) firstly increased and then decreased; The maximum fluorescence of dark adaptation (F_m) decreased significantly; The efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSⅡreaction centers (F'_v/F'_m) and the electronic transport activity of PSII (F_m/F_o) reduced sharply; The sum of the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)) and the quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation (Y(NO)) increased with a trend to saturation; The relative deviation from full balance between PSⅡand PSⅠ(β/α-1) presented a sudden rise firstly and then sudden drop tendency. However the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and Y(NO) showed the opposite trend.【Conclusion】The heat stress not only led to multiple sites injury of PSII protein complexes, but also destroyed the photosynthetic apparatus under a longer-time treatment with higher temperatures condition. In addition, the stress also turned the limiting factor from enzyme activity decay in dark reaction to PSⅡactivity decay. At the same time, the protection mechanisms against heat stress changed from Y(NPQ) to Y(NO) as the main form of energy dissipation, on the other hand, the protection mechanisms might also present by adjusting a balance of excitation energy between PSⅡand PSⅠin the form of state transition of antenna system.

【Objective】 MYB is one of the major transcription factors (TF) involved in regulation of the lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall formation in plants. A MYB TF gene designated HbMYB20, highly homologous to AtMYB20 of Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned from Hevea brasiliensis, and its roles in A. thaliana were also studied. This study was aimed to reveal the important function of HbMYB20 for regulating lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall formation in this species, and also to provide theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of the wood formation in H. brasiliensis.【Method】 HbMYB20 was selected by BLAST analysis of the bark transcriptome in terms of a high identity with A.thaliana AtMYB20. The cDNA fragments were obtained from bark cDNA by PCR using the specific primers designed according to the open reading frame (ORF). Quantitative real-time PCR was employed in to determine the relative expression of HbMYB20 in different tissues such as leaf, latex, stem, xylem, and phloem in H. brasiliensis. The overexpression vectors with HbMYB20 were constructed and transformed into A. thaliana by agrobacterium dip methods. The lignin contents were measured by acetyl bromide method and presence of lignin was visualized by staining the cross sections with phloroglucinol-HCl. The sections of stem were also stained with toluidine blue, and used for statistical analysis on the cell wall thickness of interfascicular fiber, vessel and xylary fiber between the transgenic and wild-type A. thaliana. Finally, the expression level of the genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.【Result】 A MYB TF gene was cloned from H. brasiliensis and designated HbMYB20, which endowed with ORF of 927 bp, encoding 309aa protein. The analysis of amino acid sequence indicated that HbMYB20 belonged to G8 subgroup member of R2R3MYB transcription factor family, which had a high identity to AtMYB 20/43 and AtMYB85/42. Gene expressions suggested that HbMYB20 had a higher expression in stems and xylem but less in latex. When overexpressing in A. thaliana, HbMYB20 was detected in three transgenic lines but not in wild-type plants. The transgenic A. thaliana showed obvious growth inhibition, smaller areas and less depth of lignin strain in the vessels and fiber compared to wild-type plants. The lignin contents of stem and cell wall thickness of interfascicular fiber, vessel and xylary fiber were significantly lower than those in the control. Furthermore, the genes expression of lignin biosynthetic genes (4CL1 and CCoAOMT) and cellulose biosynthetic gene CesA8 were significantly repressed in transgenic plants.【Conclusion】 The experimental data confirmed that HbMYB20, a MYB transcription factor G8 subgroup member from H. brasiliensis, which was highly-expressing in the stem and xylem. Functional analysis showed that the over-expression of HbMYB20 in A. thaliana has led to dwarfism in the transgenic plants, a significant thinning in vessels and fiber cell wall, an obvious decrease in lignin contents. And also, the expression inhibition of the genes related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis were found. It is reasonable to infer that HbMYB20 plays a negative role in lignin and cellulose biosyntheses, indicating that it is a negative regulation factor for secondary wall development in H. brasiliensis.

【Objective】 Mulberry(Morus) latex gene plays an important role in determining anti-insect and defense. Identification the MLX56 gene family from the mulberry genome database, and analysis of phylogeny, gene structure and gene expression in mulberry will be helpful to study the functions of plant latex genes.【Method】Based on mulberry genome database, bioinformatics approach was used to analyze the structure and evolution of mulberry MLX 56 gene family, a phylogenetic tree was created using the MEGA4.1 program. The expression of MLX 56 gene in different mulberry species and different tissues were analyzed using semi-quantitative TR-PCR. A recombinant plasmid pET-28a-MLX56-6 was constructed and transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). IPTG was used to induce MLX56-6 protein expression. Samples were collected from bacterial suspension at different times of induction and SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the protein expressed by E. coli BL21 (DE3). Ultrasonic wave was used to break the efficiently expressed bacterial suspension, and SDS-PAGE was used to detect the solubility of MLX56-6 protein. Western Blot confirmed the successful expression of MLX 56-6 in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the effect of the MLX 56 gene on the growth rate of E. coli was also studied.【Result】A total of 6 MLX 56 genes were identified from mulberry genome database, the mulberry MLX 56 contains two chitin-binding domains, and they all have signal peptide, belongs to secretory protein. A new MLX 56 gene MLX 56-7 (GenBank number:KJ496133) was cloned. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the highest homdogy (66%) was between mulberry MLX 56 gene and Sambucus nigra hevein-like protein, and a lower value (49%, 48%) between mulberry MLX 56 and Camellia sinensis chitinase and Vitis vinifera chitinase. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that MLX56-1, MLX56-2, MLX56-4, MLX56-5, MLX56-6 and MLX56-7 were expressed in all mulberry species. Tissue specific expression analysis revealed that MLX56-2, MLX56-4, MLX56-5, MLX56-6 and MLX56-7 were expressed in all tissues of M. atropurpurea'Guiyou62', MLX56-1 was expressed only in petioles and stems. MLX56-3 gene was not detected in mulberry species and tissues in M. atropurpurea 'Guiyou62'. Prokaryotic expression results showed that the fusion protein was successfully expressed with 0.5 mmol ·L^-1 IPTG induction. Solubility analysis showed that the fused protein mainly existed as inclusion bodies. Western Blot confirmed that the molecular weight of the recombinant MLX56-6 was about 56 kDa. But the E.coli growth rate was inhibited by MLX56-6 gene.【Conclusion】 In the process of mulberry evolution, gene duplication happened in MLX56 gene family, and differentiation occurred in the structure of the gene family. Accordiong to the protein and structure characteristics of MLX56 gene family, the gene family may belong to a chitinase with lectin activity. The diversity among different species and tissues in MLX56 gene expression reveals that the functions of these genes were different among different mulberry species and among different tissues of the same species.

【Objective】 This study was aimed to ploidy and cultivar identification by analysis of morphological characteristics of pollen of Morus atropurpurea in order to provide a scientific basis for mulberry polyploidy breeding. 【Method】 The ultrastructure characters of pollen from 10 diploid and tetraploid M. atropurpurea cultivars were examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and the characteristics of pollen morphology among the cultivars were distinguished based on statistics and photographic analyses.【Result】 The pollen grains were small in size and nearly round in shape, its polar axis length was 16.98 μm to 24.46 μm, the equatorial axis length was 15.37μm to 23.86 μm, and P/E value of 1.01 to 1.12. The pollen grains with 1-3 rounded germination aperture, N3P3C4 type according to Erdtman's NPC system. There were statistically significant differences between pollen grains of diploid and tetraploid cultivars in the size of germination aperture, the lengths of equator and polar axials, respectively. The pollen exine was unevenly distributed with composite ornamentation of spinous protuberances-brain stripes, and the ornamentation was different among different cultivars. According to the ornamentation, pollen grains are distinctly divided into four types, i.e. coarse spines granulate-fine cerebroid stripes, coarse spines granulate-coarse cerebroid stripes, smooth spines granulate-fine cerebroid stripes and smooth spines granulate-coarse cerebroid stripes. The density and the size of spinous protuberance showed no significant differences between diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Some infertile pollens appeared as heteromophic and shrivelled were observed in tetraploid mulberry cultivars. 【Conclusion】 Significant differences were found of pollen morphology among the 10 diploid and tetraploid M. atropurpurea cultivars, especially in the size of pollen grains between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, and in the ornamentation among different cultivars. It was suggested that morphological characteristics of pollen grains were very important for ploidy detection and cultivars identification in mulberry.

【Objective】 Site quality is essential for stand development. Stands established with natural or artificial regeneration methods requiring effective approaches to evaluate the site productivity in forestry practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the site quality for secondary forests and plantation using site index and site form models. 【Method】The permanent and temporary inventory data, and the stem analysis data, were collected from pine-oak stands in Qinling Mountains. Feasibility of applying site index models for secondary forests was validated by cumulative frequency curve and SW normality tests. Reference age and DBH were determined by analyzing of mean height increment and current annual height increment. Methods for formulating site index and site form tables, such as ratio method, standard deviation adjustment, and coefficient variation adjustment were applied by species after fitting dominant height growth equations. Chi-Square test, falling point test and correlation test were used for accuracy analysis of site index and site form for secondary forest and plantation. MRES, AMRES, MRES% were applied for error analysis of site class, site index and site form. 【Result】Chi-square values of each species were lower than critical values. Chi-square values of site index of Pinus tabulaedormis and Larix principis-rupprechtii were lower than that of site form. Chi-square value of site index of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata was higher than that of site form. Little difference among site index and site form of Pinus armandii was observed. In general, site form appears superior for secondary forests, while site index is suitable for plantation. Site index and site form were more accurate than site class in evaluating the site quality. 【Conclusion】 Establishing site index tables and site form tables could be used for site evaluating in forest management. Further study of mixed and uneven-aged secondary forest site quality evaluation is required.

【Objective】To solve the problem that the existing mingling can't distinguish the isolation of a single tree species in different mixed ways by row, we put forward the mingling of adjacent trees considering k-order(M_k). 【Method】According to the adjacent relationship of features to subdividing space, regarding individual tree as a planar point, we establish the k-order adjacent relation of objective tree based on Voronoi diagram.When k= 1, the calculation formulas and results of M_k and other mingling are exactly same, When k >2, M_k uses 1/k weighted, using similar calculation method with M_g, M_v, M_p, and M_c.【Result】Taking Cunninghamia lanceolata pure forest in Hunan Fushou farm as the research object, in order to optimize and adjust the spatial structure, we replanted the Tsoongiodendron odorum and Liriodendron chinense taking two different spatial configurations schemes of plots replantion and cross replantion in young pure forest, comparing five minglings(M_g, M_v, M_p, M_c and M_k), which showed thatin the structure unit of"1+n"space, M_g and M_p can not distinguish the mingling of Tsoongiodendron odorum and Liriodendron chinense in two replanting schemes, M_g of two tree species is all equal to 1, and M_p is all equal to 0.539, M_v and M_c can distinguish the mingling of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest of different replanting schemes, which is respectively 0.027, 0.039 in plots replantingand 0.043, 0.045 in cross replanting, but can not discriminate the mingling of single tree planting tree species. M_k makes spatial structure unit extending from"1 + n"to"1 + n₁ + n₂ +…+ n_k", k is set to 2 in this paper, namely, spatial structure unit is"1 + n₁ + n₂", M_k can distinguish the mingling of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and replanting trees in two kinds of replanting schemes.The calculation method using M_g (M_kg), M_kg of Cunninghamia lanceolata, Tsoongiodendron odorum and Liriodendron chinense is 0.098, 0.641, 0.645 in the plots replanting scheme, and 0.101, 0.652, 0.655 in the cross replanting scheme respectively. The mingling of three tree species in the cross replanting scheme were larger than in the plots replanting scheme, The use of M_kv, M_kp and M_kc can get the same rules.【Conclusion】This paper put forward M_k that the spatial structure unit is"1 + n"to"1 + n₁ + n₂ +…+ n_k", the forms of spatial structure unit is more diverse, however, the calculation method of mingling is more complex, distinguish degree is higher, and it improves the discrimination of a single tree mingling, solves the mixed ways that first order nearby can't distinguish, reflects the actual mingling condition of single tree and stand, provides theoretical basis for optimizing the space structure and accurately quantifying the mingling on the adjustment, and reflect the more accurate isolation condition of different varieties of trees in forest community.

【Objective】 The number of microorganism in soil is an important index in determining the change of the biochemical function of soil nitrogen cycle. While the current studies mostly focus on the microbial flora, the research on nitrogen cycling associated microorganisms is little. In this paper, the influence of deposition amount of short-term nitrogen deposition in different nitrogen forms on soil culturable azotobacter, nitric acid bacteria, nitrous acid bacteria and denitrifying bacteria is studied by a field simulation experiment. The change trend at early stage in response to the N-deposition is an important knowledge for forest nitrogen regulation and environmental management, and this study would provide reference for the further research on effects of nitrogen deposition on Chinese fir plantation ecosystem.【Method】 In May 2013, 30 plots of 1 m×1 m were established in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation to simulate nitrogen loadings at 5 levels: N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4 with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg·hm^-2a^-1, respectively. Soil samples were collected in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in June, August and October 2013, respectively. The dilution plate counting method was used to determine the amount of nitrogen fixing bacteria, and the MPN-Griess colorimetry for measuring nitrate and nitrite bacteria, and the phenol two sulfonyl colorimetric method for denitrifying bacteria (anaerobic).【Result】 The results showed: the amount of azotobacter in the 0-10 cm soil layer was more than in 10-20 cm. Along with the increase of N deposition, the amount of azotobacter showed a trend that it firstly increased and then decreased. Moreover, ammonium nitrogen deposition(0-60 kg·hm^-2a^-1) was in favor of the amount of azotobacter. The amount of nitrite bacteria first increased and then decreased with the increasing ammonium nitrogen, and obtained maximum value in N1 or N2 treatment. The amount of nitrite bacteria showed an almost opposite change patterns in response to nitrate nitrogen addition. In June, nitrite bacteria appeared extremely significant difference with the same ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil layer, and there also was significant difference in 10-20 cm soil layer. The amount of nitrobacteria showed the same trend in August and October, that was first increase and then decrease and the change showed no significant difference between the two nitrogen forms treatments. The changing trend of denitrobacteria with ammonium nitrogen deposition was opposite between the two soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm). Nitrate deposition had no significant effect on denitrobacteria, and the high concentration of nitrogen lightly restrained growth of denitrobacteria.【Conclusion】 The amount of azotobacter in 0-10 cm soil layer was greater than that in the 10-20 cm layer. Ammonium nitrogen (0-60 kg·hm^-2 a^-1) promoted the growth of azotobacter, so did the nitrate nitrogen (0-80 kg·hm^-2 a^-1). For the two nitrogen forms, the trend was inconsistent, low ammonium nitrogen promoted the nitrite bacteria growth, and the low nitrate nitrogen inhibited it. Nitrogen deposition forms had no significant effects on nitrate bacteria, low nitrogen deposition promoted the growth, and the high concentration restrained the growth. The quantity of nitrogen deposition had no significant effect on denitrifying bacteria.

【Objective】In active dune fields, the transition zones between active dunes and interdune lowlands, which have high temporal and spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological processes, can indicate or coordinate the relative relationship between vegetation and sand dune and regulate the area and structure of vegetation in the whole active sand dunes. In the last few decades, much attention has been paid to the vegetation processes in active sand dunes or interdune lowlands, while researches on how vegetation establishes and develops in transition zones between active dunes and dune slacks are still scarce. Most of all, study on temporal and spatial patterns, vegetation composition, plant adaptation mechanism and the restrictive factors in transition zones between active dune and interdune lowland is not still reported. 【Method】In this paper, by means of the belt transect method in the field investigation, we measured the height and width of sand burial on leeward slopes of active sand dunes as well as the depth of wind erosion on windward slopes of active sand dunes at Wulanaodu region, the western Horqin Sandy Land, and examined the plant richness and abundance in the quadrats by the end of growing seasons. We especially investigated the effects of transition zone dynamics on vegetation areas and patterns in interdune lowlands. Through this study, we aim at answering two questions that how aeolian erosion and sand burial influence the temporal and spatial patterns of the transition zones between active dunes and interdune lowlands and that how the transition zone dynamics affect vegetation areas and patterns in whole active dune fields. 【Result】The result showed that (1) part of Limnocryptophyte-meadow and Steppe species in interdune lowlands retreated from the transition zones in leeward slopes and part of pioneer vegetative propagation was dominant in frequency and density in the transition zones of windward slopes due to the dynamic changes of the transition zone between active dune and interdune lowland. The width of the transition zones on leeward slopes was 4-6 m, and the width of the transition zones on windward slopes was 3-5 m, indicating that the transition zones belonged to fine-scale ones. The transition zones on leeward slopes formed in late May, and the ones on windward slopes formed in late September. (2) There were significant and positive (P < 0.05) correlations between the widths of transition zones from leeward slopes of active sand dunes to interdune lowlands and the areas of interdune lowlands or the perpendicular widths to the wind direction; the the widths of transition zones from windward slopes of active sand dunes to interdune lowlands were not significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with the areas of interdune lowlands or the perpendicular widths to the wind direction, but was significantly and positively (P < 0.05) correlated with the widths of increased vegetation of interdune lowlands. (3) In the active sand dune field, the vegetation-covered areas had an increasing trend. (4) In the large area (> 5 hm²) of the interdune lowland, the width of the vertical wind direction was large, and vegetation had high density and was high, and thus was able to form large-area windbreaks and lower wind speeds, leading to low speeds of sand burial in the leeward slope and rapid speeds of plant invasion in the windward slope, hence, increase the vegetation width and area in the interdune lowlands of active sand dune fields. 【Conclusion】This study indicated that in natural conditions, vegetation restoration of active sand dune fields generally commences with revegetation of transition zones between windward slopes of active sand dunes and interdune lowlands; and the interdune lowlands of large area play an important role during vegetation restoration of active sand dune fields.

【Objective】This study aims at investigating the response of transcription-related genes of Populus tomentosa induced by Botryosphaeria dothidea infectation.【Method】The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was used to construct a cDNA library, and the bioinformatics were used to analyze the expression of transcription related gene of Populus tomentosa infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea. The bark mRNA was purified and transcribed into cDNA. A poplar-pathogen interaction cDNA library of inoculated poplar bark 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) was constructed. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, which were assembled into unisequences prior to their annotation. The unisequences related to transcription were selected, and were further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The randomly selected 199 positive clones were sequenced, and compared with the sequences of NCBI gene pool, among which 172 EST sequences were found homologous. The homologous analysis for these EST was conducted in dbEST database retrieval, 【Result】The result showed that 10 sequences were associated with transcription, and accounted for 5.8% of the total sequences. They were divided into four categories, i.e. Zinc finger protein (Cys/His-rich), containing the EAR transcriptional repressor; CONSTANS-like protein, Encoding a nuclear protein; ordinary transcription factor, regulating transcription and WRKY21 transcription factor, participating in the plant defense. Through further RT-qPCR analyses on three kinds of transcription factors, the result showed that the expression amount of Zinc finger protein (Cys/His-rich) after inoculation was 50 times of the non-inoculated; The WRKY21 expression amount was 0.94 times of the non-inoculated; The CONSTANS-like protein expression amount was 2 times of the non-inoculated.【Conclusion】 The expression of these transcription factor genes was significantly increased in Populus tomentosa infected by Botryosphaeria dothidea.

【Objective】 Poplar canker is one of the major biological disasters of poplar plantations in China. The biological control method for regulating poplar canker is sustained and effective. The aim of this study is to find and isolate antagonistic microorganisms which have good bio-control effect on poplar canker from the poplar forest soil. 【Method】 In this study, poplar canker pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidia was used as the target strain, and the bio-control microorganisms in the soil were isolated, screened and identified. The dilution plate coating method was used to separate soil microorganisms. Three procedures were applied to screen the antagonistic microbes, including primary screening, fermentation liquor secondary screening and the inhibitory action in vitro. The dual culture method was used in primary screening, the "sandwich method" and the "improved agar diffusion method" were combined in fermentation liquor secondary screening, and the objective bio-control strain was used ultimately to determine the control effect on poplar canker in vitro tissue. The bio-control strain was identified by combining morphological observation and the the molecular biology method. 【Result】 Totally 48 soil samples were collected in upper, middle and deeper soil layers of poplar forest in Langfang Hebei and Yuanyang Henan. A total of 259 strains were isolated in the 48 soil samples, including 122 bacteria strains, 106 actinomycetes strains and 31 fungi strains. The microbial distribution pattern overall followed as: top layer soil> middle layer soil > lower layer soil. There were 8 bacteria and actinomycetes strains, screened in primary screening, which had antibiological average diameters > 4 mm, and there were 8 fungi strains, selected by dual culture, which had colony diameter > 40 mm. Eight antagonistic microorganisms strains were selected by fermentation medium secondary screening. They were bacteria strains of TYZ1B3 and YX5B1, and fungi strains of LS10F1, LX5F1, LZ10F1, LS6F1, LX6F2 and TLZ2F2, respectively. Through determination of the control effect in vitro tissue, a bio-control fungus strain, LX6F2, was obtained, and the control effect of the strain could be up to 76.04%. The LX6F2 feature, including the colonies, hyphae and spores, was matched with Fusarium sp. by morphological observation. Through rDNA ITS sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the LX6F2 sequence length was 563 bp, and the sequence registration number was FR872729.1. There was 100% similarity between LX6F2 rDNA ITS sequence and the Fusarium sp strain's sequence which number is JN038467 in GenBank. Based on these results, the strain LX6F2 was identified as Fusarium equiseti. 【Conclusion】 The discovery of LX6F2 provides a new raw material for biological control of poplar canker. It's important for sustainable control of poplar canker. In a follow-up study its antibacterial mechanism, effective antagonist compositions, bacterium agent and so on will be investigated.

【Objective】 This study aims to isolate and identify a pathogen which infects the persimmon plants and causes persimmon anthracnose, then investigate the pathogenicity so as to analyze its infect spectrum, and provide the theoretical basis and technical assistance for the pathogenic diagnosis and disease control of persimmon anthracnose in persimmon productivity.【Methods】 The pathogen was isolated from anthracnose lesions on beef heart persimmon fruits, leaves and twigs in the persimmon orchards in Zhujiapo town, Linju county, Zhuge town, Yishui county and Wanjishan experimental station of Shandong Institute of Pomology with tissue separation and single spore separation, and identified by morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The pathogenicity was investigated via in vitro inoculation test by disk-wound inoculation, disk-no-wound inoculation and spore-suspension inoculation. 【Results】 Nine isolates were obtained from persimmon fruits, leaves and twigs via tissue separation and single spore separation. The analysis of morphological characteristics showed that the 9 isolates belong to genus Colletotrichum. Then rDNA-ITS sequence analysis, via PCR amplification with the universal primers of ITS6 and ITS4, showed that the 9 isolates obtained were in full accord with the morphological observation, and the nucleotide sequence of rDNA-ITS gene (GenBank accession No. KF010811) shared 100%, 100% and 99.8% identity with that of anthracnose pathogens on Jiro persimmon (JQ957543), 'Wuheshi' persimmon in Zhejiang (AY787483) and New Zealand isolate (GQ329690) respectively. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed that beef heart persimmon isolate was located at the same branch of phylogenetic tree with the isolates of Jiro persimmon (JQ957543), 'Wuheshi' persimmon in Zhejiang (AY787483, AY791890) and New Zealand persimmon (GQ329687, GQ329688 and GQ329690), which indicated that the pathogen causing the anthracnose disease of beef heart persimmon could be identified as Colletotrichum horii. The in vitro inoculation test showed that there was equal pathogenicity on different persimmon cultivars between 'Niuxinshi' isolate and 'Cilang' isolate of C.horii, and they have no pathogenicity on peach, apple and pear. On the 7th day after inoculation, the lesions on persimmon fruits were much larger than that on leaves, there were no symptoms on leaves via disk-no-wound inoculation, and lesions were small via spore suspension inoculation. The lesion size on fruits and leaves via different inoculation was inthe following order of:disk-wound inoculation > spore-suspension inoculation > disk-no-wound inoculation. 【Conclusions】C.horii possessed a certain degree of obligate parasitic and genetic conservatism, with no pathogenicity to other fruit trees besides persimmon and little variation due to the geographic distance. These characteristics were significant for the control of persimmon anthracnose, which could play an important role in avoiding and weakening the resistance to chemicals due to the genetic variation of the pathogen, and thus facilitate the control of persimmon anthracnose, and guarantee quality of fruits and increase persimmon productivity. The wound infection by the pathogen will occurred most easily, followed by spore infecton in raining days or under the high humidity condition, which indicated that the pathogen infection, the occurrence and popularity of persimmon anthracnose will be avoided or eliminated largely by reducing persimmon wound in the field management and avoiding pruning in raining days. Thus, the measures would to some extent solve the problem of lost production in persimmon due to the popularity of persimmon anthracnose.

【Objective】To develop a precise, quick and economic method for determination the thermal conductivity of wood, this paper proposed a new numeral method based on the inverse finite difference method, which can overcome the drawback of traditional methods such as depending on relatively complex and expensive instrumentations. This will provide reliable data for the development of thermal conductivity's regression equation. 【Method】A one-dimensional governing equation of the heat conduction was used to describe the temperature variation inside the lumber during the heating process. The timbers obtained through tangential cut in larch (Larix gmelinii) plantation, with dimensions of 600 mm in length, 220 mm in width, and 40 mm in thickness, and moisture contents of 28.3%, 41.2%, 62.3%, were used in the experiments. Temperature along the thickness direction was obtained via experiments. The detection of temperature was obtained using NEC Remote Scanner Jr. DC3100 with T-type in wood. With inverse finite difference method and rationalization of boundary condition, the determination of thermal conductivity in radial direction with different moisture content and temperature was achieved. Difference matrix of thermal conductivity from the discrete control equations could be solved by tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA). All difference equation were programmed and run in Matlab 2010b. At the end, the variation law of thermal conductivity with the changing of moisture content and temperature was discussed and analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that: 1) although some fluctuation along the thickness direction of thermal conductivity in larch plantation was observed, the average value (0.106 1 W ·m^-1K^-1, standard deviation(SD) was 0.010 8) agreed with theoretical calculating value (0.110 9, 0.125 2W ·m^-1K^-1); 2) MC and T had apparent effect on the thermal conductivity and the former influences slightly higher than the latter (F_MC-test is 126.942 1, F_T-test is 99.008 3). The interaction of MC and T also had apparent effect on the thermal conductivity (F_MC×T-test is 164.297 5). The thermal conductivity increased with increasing MC and T; 3) Wood properties and the distribution of MC had apparent effect on the thermal conductivity. 【Conclusion】Reliable temperature data in wood was obtained via experiments. The thermal conductivity in the position corresponding to temperature measuring points was obtained quickly and accurately with IFDM. Although some fluctuation of thermal conductivity was observed, the average value agreed with theoretical calculating value. It indicted that the determination of thermal conductivity with finite difference method is feasible. Compared with traditional method, the main advantage of our method is economic and unconstrained in size of specimen. The thermal conductivity of any layer of wood can be obtained. To improve precision, heat changes with moisture migration and the difference of wood properties should be considered. To expand the method, program visualization should also be researched in the future.

【Objective】Most volatiles released from green plants have significant physiological activity, such as regulating plant growth, enhancing its resistance, inhibiting the growth of air microorganisms, and also producing different influences on human physiology and psychology. Acer truncatum and Cedrus deodara are common urban greening tree species, typical representative of hardwoods and conifers in Northern China. In this paper, the diurnal rhythm of volatiles released from the two species was detected and the environmental impact of the volatiles was investigated, to provide scientific reference for the urban green space recreation construction by proper tree species configuration and create the green environment more conducive to human health. 【Method】The sunward leaves and branches of perennial and heathy A. truncatum and C. deodara were collected, and the volatiles were measured by using the SPME-GC-MS technique every 3 hours from 8:00 to 5:00 in the mid July. At the same time the temperature and humidity of the environment were measured. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. 【Result】 1) The C6 and C8 esters, alcohols, aldehydes and terpenes were the dominant components released from A. truncatum. The 3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl acetate, 3-hexen-1-ol, 3-hexenal, and β-caryophyllene accounted for 70% of the total volatiles, which made leaves give up the green leaf fragrance. Different compounds had different release patterns. The C8 esters, a major volatile, had the releasing peak at 14:00, and the lowest releasing point at 5:00. The C15 sesquiterpenes appeared two peaks and two valleys of the releases, the peaks were at 17:00 and 5:00, and the valleys were at 8:00 and 23:00, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between 3-hexen-1-ol and 3-hexenal, and negative correlations between 3-hexenyl acetate with 3-hexen-1-ol and 3-hexenal. No significant correlations were found between other compounds. 2) The volatiles of C. deodara leaves were mainly composed of terpenes which accounted for 84% of the total volatiles. The main components were α, β-pinene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, β-caryophyllene and Germacrene D, which made the branches and leaves give up resin odor. Most of monoterpenes, such as α, β-pinene, β-myrcene, and D-limonene, had their release peaks at 14:00, and the lowest release valleys occurred from 23:00 to 2:00. Most of sesquiterpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, and Germacrene D, had their release peaks at 17:00 and 2:00, and the release valleys at 23:00 and 5:00. The correlation analysis indicated that there were positive correlations between α, β-pinene, β-myrcene and D-limonene, and positive correlation between β-caryophyllene and Germacrene D. However, no significant correlations were found between other monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. 3) The volatile release was also influenced by environmental factors, except with diurnal rhythm. Total peak area of volatiles was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. 【Conclusion】The main components of the volatiles from A. truncatum were C8 esters, and the main components of volatiles from C. deodara were C10, C15 terpenes, which were related with volatiles synthesis pathway. Different compounds had different diurnal rhythms. The volatile emission rates increased with the temperature and declined with the relative humidity.

【Objective】 Camellia oleifera Abel is a China's endemic species of woody edible oil, its production is closely related to the growth of the spring shoots. Investigation of the relationship between the growth of spring shoots and fertility and water can provide a scientific basis for the management of water and fertilizer of C. oleifera. 【Method】 In order to study the effects of water and fertilizers on the spring-shoots of C. oleifera, five levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and irrigation were set by using quadratic general rotary unitized design and the length, diameter and leaf area of the spring-shoots were measured in a high yield mature clonal forest of C. oleifera. 【Results】 The result showed that in the range of the tested amounts, the appropriate amounts of nitrogen and irrigation significantly promoted elongation of spring-shoots, but phosphorus and potassium had no obvious effects on the shoot length. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and irrigation were able to significantly improve the shoot diameter and leaf area, but the applied amount should be controlled at a certain range. There were obvious coupling effects of nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, nitrogen and irrigation, phosphorus and irrigation on the shoot length. At low nitrogen levels, increasing Phosphorus promoted the spring shoot to elongate, but further increase in Potassium over a given amount did not have any obvious effect on the growth. At higher nitrogen levels, increasing Phosphorus exerted an antagonistic effect, but more Potassium showed positive coupling effect. There were thresholds for the amount of Nitrogen or water in terms of promotion of spring shoot elongation, and within the threshold, they were able to produce positive and synergistic coupling effect. In water deficit, Phosphorus fertilizing could withstand the injury of drought stress, and promoted the growth of spring shoots elongation. However, when water was sufficient, the Phosphorus was hard to exert its influence, and its excessive application resulted in waste. Within a certain amount of scope, the interactions of nitrogen and potassium had significant positive coupling effects on the diameter growth of spring shoots, but when their amounts were excessive, the effects were not obvious. 【Conclusion】 When the four factors of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and irrigation all were variables, an optimized program of water and fertilizers was made by using the values of shoot length, shoot diameter and leaf area close to the greatest as the goal, that is, effective N 160 g, P₂O₅ 60 g, K₂O 252 g and irrigation 25 kg to each plant annually.

【Objective】This study aims at exploring the phytoremediation potential of Pterocarla stenoptera seedlings to fluorion pollution.【Method】 we investigated the influence of culture time, pH value and fluoride concentration in culture medium on absorption, accumulation, enrichment and translocation of fluoride in P. stenoptera seedlings, as well as normalized relative transpiration (NRT) of P. stenoptera seedlings. 【Result】 (1) The accumulation of fluoride in stems, leaves and roots of P. stenoptera seedlings exhibited an increasing tendency with increasing concentration of fluoride. The fluoride concentration in stems, leaves and roots of P. stenoptera seedlings reached up to 1604.60, 59.41 and 40.80 mg ·kg^-1 respectively when treated with 10 mmol ·L^-1 fluoride. (2) Fluoride concentration was highest in roots and lowest in leaves when treated with 10 mmol ·L^-1 fluoride, while fluoride concentration was highest in roots and lowest in stems when treated with 0.5-5 mmol ·L^-1 fluoride. The translocation factor (Tf) was between 0.029-0.125. The translocation of fluoride in P. stenoptera was inhibited probably because high concentration fluoride would cause serious phytotoxicity to P. stenoptera, (3) The NRT of P. stenoptera seedlings exhibited a decreasing tendency along with culture time. The change of transpiration in P. stenoptera seedlings showed significant difference(P < 0.05)when treated with fluoride 5 and 10 mmol ·L^-1. (4) The capacities of translocation and accumulation of fluoride in stems, leaves and roots of P. stenoptera seedlings were highest in acidic solution. The damage to the P. stenoptera seedlings in acidic solution was more serious than that in alkaline solution. The fluoride had little damage to P. stenoptera seedlings in alkaline solution. P. stenoptera seedlings had good and sustained effect for removal of fluoride in this alkaline condition. (5) In order to achieve the best treatment effect, we can deal with the polluted water with P. stenoptera seedlings in the acidic conditions when the fluoride content is less than 2.5 mmol ·L^-1; and treated the polluted water with P. stenoptera under alkaline conditions when the fluoride content is between 2.5 and 5 mmol ·L^-1. 【Conclusion】The study showed that P. stenoptera had wide potential application in cleaning water and soil in those fluoride contaminated areas.