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Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 148-155.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150419

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Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Irrigation on the Growth of Spring-shoots in Mature stands of Camellia oleifera

Hu Dongnan, Tu Shuping, Liu Liangying, Zhang Wenyuan, Guo Xiaomin   

  1. College of Landscape Architecture and Art, JAU Nanchang 330045
  • Received:2014-04-05 Revised:2014-05-24 Online:2015-04-25 Published:2015-05-20

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Camellia oleifera Abel is a China's endemic species of woody edible oil, its production is closely related to the growth of the spring shoots. Investigation of the relationship between the growth of spring shoots and fertility and water can provide a scientific basis for the management of water and fertilizer of C. oleifera. 【Method】 In order to study the effects of water and fertilizers on the spring-shoots of C. oleifera, five levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and irrigation were set by using quadratic general rotary unitized design and the length, diameter and leaf area of the spring-shoots were measured in a high yield mature clonal forest of C. oleifera. 【Results】 The result showed that in the range of the tested amounts, the appropriate amounts of nitrogen and irrigation significantly promoted elongation of spring-shoots, but phosphorus and potassium had no obvious effects on the shoot length. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and irrigation were able to significantly improve the shoot diameter and leaf area, but the applied amount should be controlled at a certain range. There were obvious coupling effects of nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, nitrogen and irrigation, phosphorus and irrigation on the shoot length. At low nitrogen levels, increasing Phosphorus promoted the spring shoot to elongate, but further increase in Potassium over a given amount did not have any obvious effect on the growth. At higher nitrogen levels, increasing Phosphorus exerted an antagonistic effect, but more Potassium showed positive coupling effect. There were thresholds for the amount of Nitrogen or water in terms of promotion of spring shoot elongation, and within the threshold, they were able to produce positive and synergistic coupling effect. In water deficit, Phosphorus fertilizing could withstand the injury of drought stress, and promoted the growth of spring shoots elongation. However, when water was sufficient, the Phosphorus was hard to exert its influence, and its excessive application resulted in waste. Within a certain amount of scope, the interactions of nitrogen and potassium had significant positive coupling effects on the diameter growth of spring shoots, but when their amounts were excessive, the effects were not obvious. 【Conclusion】 When the four factors of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and irrigation all were variables, an optimized program of water and fertilizers was made by using the values of shoot length, shoot diameter and leaf area close to the greatest as the goal, that is, effective N 160 g, P2O5 60 g, K2O 252 g and irrigation 25 kg to each plant annually.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, irrigation, coupling effect, spring-shoot

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