Grid technology was introduced for development of digital forestry support platform in this paper. The function, principles and model of grid application were discussed. Management and application of the basic Web service for digital forestry platform were implemented with grid technology. The Web service criteria were established for digital forestry support platform. The basic architecture of digital forestry support platform was designed.

With high resolution QuickBird image, based on the analysis of the current methods of measuring vegetation coverage degree(f_c),this paper has developed the dimidiate pixel model for quantifying vegetation fraction from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In the improved model, f_c was calculated by the formula: f_c=(NDVI-NDVI_soil)/(NDVI_veg -NDVI_soil), where NDVI_soiland NDVI_veg represent the NDVI value of pure pixel of barren soil and vegetation, respectively. Using this model to monitor land, the results showed that the monitor effect for vegetation coverage degree of forest land converted from cropland was limited by the size of crown of a tree. It was not good for the small trees whose age were not more than 1 year, but it was good for these trees whose age were more than 2.5 years, of which the average estimated accuracy was more than 83% in the study region. So it will be feasible to use this improved model to monitor vegetation coverage degree of forestland converted from cropland (tree age is more than 2.5 years) from QuickBird data.

There is a close correlation between the application of spatial statistics and the studied fields,and the calculation of spatial statistics is very complicated,so some relevant computer software supports are necessary so as to apply the spatial statistics in practice. The forestry has itself field characteristics,however,in the forestry field,few involves in the work for the design and development of the computer software supporting the specific application of spatial statistics in China and other countries. In this paper,some situations of domestic and foreign spatial statistics software were introduced,the necessity of developing forestry spatial statistics software was expounded,and the general design ideas of forestry spatial statistics software were put forward. The function of each part of software was designed and described in details from the angle of function requirement of software. Finally,the methods and strategies of realizing the forestry spatial statistics software were pointed out.

A general forest resource management information system (GFRMIS) for forest bureau on county level was designed and developed by using the improved prototype design method,and will be working on Wuming County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,where the digital forest platform technique was studied and demonstrated. The features of GFRMIS were generality,standards and criteria,local compatibility,inheritable,and easy to extend and maintain. The improved prototype design method could not only extend the using period of softwares but also increase the practicality and extensibility of the system. So it was a preferable software developing schema.

According to the correspondence of mathematical characteristics of Fuzzy functions and distribution interval of stand diameter cumulative percentage series,this paper introduced Fuzzy distribution functions to model diameter distribution of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lancelata) plantation,and discussed their adaptability and reasons for discrepancy of simulation precision of Fuzzy distributions. Among Fuzzy distribution functions,except that Fuzzy-Γ₁ had relatively low precision,Fuzzy functions,like Fuzzy-Γ₂,Fuzzy-Γ₃,Fuzzy-Γ₄ and Fuzzy-C,all presented good simulation properties,and the parameters of Fuzzy-Γ₃ had close correlation with stand age and density. The generalized Fuzzy-Γ₅ distribution had the best simulation properties,and the highest precision,the value of its parameter c was mostly distributed nearby 3 and 4,indicating that stand diameter distribution was mainly similar to the forms of Fuzzy-Γ₃ and Fuzzy-Γ₄. Through analysis of relationship between parameters of Fuzzy-Γ₅ distribution and stand factors,the effects of stand factors such as age and density on distribution parameters were discussed. After analyzing the mathematical quality and simulation properties of nine kinds of distribution functions such as Fuzzy-Γ-5 and Logistic etc.,it was concluded that inflection point of stand diameter cumulative distribution curve have a main flexible interval (0.4～0.6) and a central distribution point (0.5 or so),for average simulation precision,when the inflection point of distribution function lies in the main interval,its precision is relatively high,and the closer to the central point,the higher the precision is.

In this paper the multilayer of the digital forestry system and the structure of the service-oriented architecture based on digital forestry technical platform were introduced in detail. As an application demonstration the forest resources management application system has been developed on the base of the technical platform and forestry elementary database. The implementation,operation pattern and main functions of the application system have been further described with emphasis. The research has showed that development of the forest resources management application system was based on the service-oriented technical platform so that the repeatability,expansibility and mutual manipulability of the application system have been strengthened. Such a development method will be the uptrend for application system development later.

The design object and function of digital forestry platform which aimed at the character of Chinese forestry information construction was been expatiated in detail in this paper. The structure of digital forestry platform was been put forward,which used service-oriented architecture and grid technique for design guide line.The general design included the constituted structure of digital forestry platform,the function of the each part and their working mechanism.A new method of types of forestry information sharing and multi-management level and multi-operation field cooperative working was provided by our digital forestry platform.Digital forestry platform had very important direction meaning for forestry information development,because of its use to construct multi-level forestry information system from nation、province、city to county.

Forestry spatial information issuance (FSII) is the important component of digital forestry project. In this paper,the software framework of the FSII system based on web service techniques was introduced and the key points of developing the FSII Web service were discussed,including client state management,the complexity of Web service method and the asynchronous execution of Web service. The functions of Web service FSII were also discussed and divided into sub-services: metadata searahing,spatial information inquiring,map displaying,spatial data management and spatial data downloading etc. A Web service prototype for FSII was developed under.NET platform,and the performance test showed a good efficiency.

In grid,resource registry meta-service assumes the responsibility for the registery,management and indexing of resources in grid. It's very important for the running of grid. In this paper,we put forward a resource specification language and provided its reference by XML Schema first. Then,we designed the distributed resource registry meta-service and implemented it based on Java language. It has been used in digital forestry grid and provided stable and high-performance services for resource registering and searching.

The consistency of boundary was studied where many people work together in forest resource survey based on GIS. Based on workflow of subcompartment dividing,a series of supplementary functions taken the edge locking as its center were developed to ensure the consistency of division and to improve efficiency of wark.By the application of topological polygon data model,the graphic breaking up method was proposed to realize the parent region auto-dividing into child region and auto-merging the divisions into the whole region step by step based on region and boundary code. During the division,Edge locking and autocoding technique were developed to ensure the consistency of boundary and improve efficiency of coding work. A optimized workflow was presented by applying above technique and give a good solution for multi-person cooperation. The analysis and practical application showed that the method presented will improve the efficiency and possess a good application value.

The landscape pattern dynamics after conversion of cropland to forest project in Xichang area was analyzed by using the TM multispectrum remote sensing of 1996 and 2004. The results indicated that the area of the main landscape types had an area change. The area of forestland had increased obviously,the area of grassland had decreased rapidly,and the area of cropland had increased slightly,the transformation between the main landscape types was obvious. The landscape dynamics could be summarized as follows: the fragmentation degree of cropland landscape had decreased with the NP and PD reducing,while the fragmentation degree of forestland and cropland had increased. The patch shape of forestland and grassland had become more irregular than ever. The dominance degree of forestland had increased,while the evenness degree of the whole landscape had declined slightly. The whole landscape had made an unbalanced development. It suggested that the rational assignment of forest and grass would be arranged in the conversion of cropland to forest project in the future,and area after conversion would be paid much attention to the increase of cropland.

The identity authentication as the first protection in the information safety is more and more important. The abuse exists in each independent identity authentication of various kinds of application systems. Setting up a unified authentication system (UAS),which can completely unify authentication,authority and administration for the user of the application systems is an important link in construction of information security system of the digital forestry platform (DFP). Based on the analyzing the characteristics of relevant techniques,the security feature of the DFP and identity authentication current situation were also analysed. This paper has put forward a new-type architecture of the unified identity authentication system which was suitable for the DFP and suer management system. At realization section,this paper mainly resolves the conservation of user status,exchange of information,and unified authentication and authorization. Meanwhile,the realization of UAS was clarified by scenes of two kinds of resources accessing in DFP and the solution of UAS.

The purpose of this paper is to monitor the growth of new planting trees in the cropland being converted to forests in the project of converting cropland to forest using QuickBird high resolution (0.6 m) remote sensing image in Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province. Ortho-rectification has been done for QuickBird image. Gaussian filter was applied to the image to improve the tree crown information and control image noise. Tree crown classifictation of QuickBird data was performed by using object-oriented image analysis,therefore,crown area was obtained and new planting trees survival rate was calculated based on the tree crown classification results. Finally,accuracy inspection had been done according to field measurement data,the results showed that the average error of crown area was 0.763 m²,the accuracy of survivae rate was 89.837%,The study will provide a scientific basis for programming and management of the project of converting cropland to forest.

As the development of forestry information and digital forestry,the degree of forestry resources information is sharing strengthening day by day. The information security is also more important. This paper has summarized the facing threaten and security goal in the Web application procedure of forestry information sharing. In the meantime,on the foundation of analyzing the current technologies of network safety,it introduces how to realize the protecting technologies and policies in the safety of the Web application procedure of forestry information sharing from three aspects which are network level,host level and application level.

Proceeding from the concepts and characteristics of the calculating type gird and datums type gird,and combining with the characteristces of datums in the forest resources and digital forestry grid,an implement method for spatial processing service in digital forestry gird(DFG) was put forward in this paper. The systematical structure of DFG was obtained through disscussing the principle and standard system of constructing DFG in the generalized isomerism environment. The gird registration,gird discovery,and gird transport of the vector data service,and the problems about gird encapsulation tactics and its implement method,as well as the task and regulation of composing DFG,were discussed especially. Finally,the application to analyzing the potential of the converting cropland to forest project had proved DFG to the teasible.

Although our country has made big area afforestation since its establishment,their quantity and quality both are lower than some developed countries'. One of the reasons of the present condition is that the local departments of forestry have not been instructed by experts or technologists when they made the afforestation design. This research is about how to make use of new information technology to study the theory of making an investigation and plan of afforestation in practice and the process of various afforestation project,to put forward the purpose and function of system of afforestation expert decision consultation,to provide the environment and structure of system as well as the design of the knowledge bases and the reasoning machine,to build up a system of afforestation expert decision consultation which is on the basis of network and suitable for different region and finally to solve the problem of the right trees in the right places and afforestation design in the traditional forestry cultivation.

Remote sensing images are the important information,source in forestry system. Forestry researches are vast in territory,scene are large and data are huge. And generally it requires images at multiple resolutions from 1 to hundreds meters. So,it's crucial to make a solution which can show high performance in querying and processing,provide strong support on storing and managing the huge amount of multi-resolution and multi-band image data,and browsing in 3D view. To meet those demands,based on Oracle 10g GeoRaster component,the method of designing image library was discussed. The feasible scheme of images storage and organization of image library were put forward. In this study,the organizing method of image layers was divided into seamless image layer model and tiled image layer model. Different approach has been carried out for both models in building spatial indexing,I.e. building blocks index for seamless image layer model and tiles index for tiled image layer model,respectively. The PL/SQL codes of building pyramid for GeoRaster objects were listed. Zip and JPEG 2000 compression formats were applied to improve the performance of data extracting. Finally,a prototype system for the design solution was introduced.

Geographic information system (GIS) is used in everywhere,it has using in forestry for many years,however,there is none special GIS developed for forestry. Maplayer management and map edit & pagelayout are basic and characteristic function of GIS. In this paper,the design and implementation of maplayer management and map edit & pagelayont module for monitoring system of forestry ecological based on ArcGIS Engine is simply introduced,and the module characteristcs and technology are also discussed. The worksite practice demonstrates that the module realized the demand of the system and works normally.

Some applications in digital forestry are data-flow driven. However,no efficient supported environment for data-flow driven applications exists in forestry. In project of digital forestry grid,a workflow-based infrastructure for digital forestry grid that supports data-flow driven application is designed. Some applications are also developed based on this platform. This paper describes the design and features of WIFG (workflow-based infrastructure for forestry grid). Finally,a specific application of planning for converting cropland to forest is introduced to illustrate how to use this system for rapid development.

Based on MapObjects(MO),the software of the component object model (COM) geographic information system (GIS),site decision support model (SDSM) was shown in this paper. As a result,the spatial information and attributive information were synthetically managed,such as digital elevation model,digital terrain model,soil distribution model,forest distribution model and so on. It was aimed at classification of site type in afforestation planning and designing in forestry centre. The elementary unit is subcompartment,and so site type of subcompartment is operated by SDSM. The model was composed of site district decision support model and site type decision support model. Spatial analysis module,in the form of SSQL (spatial standard query language was applied) in MO,was operated to the knowledge base of site type based site factor and of site district based regionalism,so that the site type of afforestation subcompartment can be automatically afforded.

The Web service was introduced in the development of the digital forestry supporting system. The management and application mechanism of Web services were discussed. The Web service registering,publishing,inquiring and using were implemented on digital forestry supporting system. And it was also realized that the various services of the supporting system could be published to UDDI (universal description,discovery and integration) register center,where the Web services could be inquired as well.

Systematical clustering is a kind of typical clustering method of spatial analysis,applied widely in many fields. But because of the limitation of its own algorithm,many systematical clustering programs can't process the data efficiency. Aiming at several factors limited the running efficiency,this paper puts forward a reasonable data structure to optimize the computer program of systematical clustering based on the computer programming,which reduces the complexity of time and space and enhances the capability to deal with a great deal of spatial data. The case of application has proved that the optimized method is highly effective.

The decision support system for afforestation of converting cropland to forest adopted the GIS,components and database techniques based on GIS. And the knowledge base has been set up by collecting policy of converting cropland to forest,afforestation models,and afforestation techniques,etc. widely and by using the scientific reasoning method. Finally,the data managements,feasible analysis,assistant decision,and various inquires about the conversion of cropland to forest project have been realized by computer. In this paper,the design idea,structure,function,and key technique of the DSS have been introduced.

A multidimensional data model is built in order to solve the problems of forest resources inventory and planning data storage and usage. The model based on forest resources inventory and planning data is composed of twenty-one dimensions about spatial and attribute data. The multidimensional data model can be used in some directions: 1) Forest resources data can be processed through aggregation,drilling down,rolling up,pivot. 2) Forest mapping in different level can be made based on the dimension level structure. 3) The function of integrated analysis base on the multidimensional data model is developed.

Through summarizing the achievements and the development stage of GIS interoperability,analyzing the contrast of traditional distributed technique to Web Services technique,abstracting tow modes of GIS interoperability (interoperating mode based on direct accessing and interoperating mode based on common interface),this article pointed out that the ideal method for interoperation was the interoperation mode of common interface based on Web service. Then this article described the structure of the method and expounded the key techniques of the method. At last this article reached the conclusion that Web service was fit for space information,interoperating and integration.

The reasons for the formation of isolated island in forestry information system were analyzed,and a service-oriented architecture of digital forestry data management platform was proposed in this paper. The service layer shielded the heterogeneity of operation system and database system by means of Web service techniques,the common data element directory eliminated the system heterogeneity at semantic level,and the aggregation layer integrated the metadata of sub node and unified the access interface,which realized the unified management and access of distributed heterogeneous data in the whole industry of forestry. The platform kept the loose coupling among the systems,and overcame the key difficult problems in the exchange of heterogeneous data. The proposed platform will provide a data access method for asers in a simple and consistent manner,which conforms to the current forestry management system and has a broad prospects in application.

According to the digitizing procedure of spatial data of forest resources by designing survey,the causes of spatial data error was analyzed in detail and some suggestions were put forward to guarantee the precision of spatial data. The methods of collecting control points and transforming the spatial data to rectify error were also introduced. By selecting control points of all data automatically and making the relationship between the coordination of map and actual coordination by construct triangular irregular network (TIN) for every standard map,the accuracy of data and the work efficiency of transforming was improved. This method had been adopted in the rectification of the spatial data of forest resources by designing survey in Fujian Province and achieved a reasonable result.

The purpose of the paper was to develop an application system based on PDA (personal data assistant) with the model of embedded GIS. Considering the demand and characteristic of forestry resource survey,had implemented the data collection of forestry resource spatial and attribute data,also carried out the orientation and navigation with ArcPad,consequently the paper arrives at the target of no paper of forestry resource survey with high precision、low cost and much efficiency.

In this research,the Fangshan district as the research district,the relation between the fire risk and its environment factors were studied using the artificial neural network methods. The procedure framework is as the fellow: the fire regimes' center and its' area is surveyed with GPS,and the data was put into the GIS for spatial analysis. The data of the environment factors affecting the forest fire were withdrawn using the GIS,training the data in Matlab with the VLBP artificial neural network,and establishing the forest fire risk forecast equation,this risk model is composed with the fire ignition model and the forest fire spread model. Because this model uses the artificial neural network which does not rely on fire data's probability distribution,and the nerve network method has the very strong forecast ability to the non-linear mathematical relation,thus this model has the very strong versatility.

The framework design,structure,function and running mechanism of forest ecological and resources information sharing system was given in this paper. Three core techniques of the sharing system,including the principles,model and design of the WebGIS subsystem,multi-dimension spatial data organizing,and presentation and spatial analysis online,were discussed in detail. Finally,the application and related problems of the sharing system was put forward. Up to now,the forest ecological and resources information sharing system,which was a component part of Chinese Sustainable Development Network Center and the Chinese Sustainable Development Information,was the most comprehensive and longest gateway to publish the forestry sustainable information to public in China.

Forest development type(FDT) is an expectation pattern for forest management object. Based on investigation data and reference to other stands data in the similar environment,FDT of Pinus caribaea in Baisha County,Hainan Province was designed. Accordidng to the condition of forest stand,it was the object to transform pure coniferous stand to close to nature stand with the structure of coniferous broadleafed mixed forest. On the other hand,visualization of FDT by LMS(landscape management system),was performed for management Pinus caribaea in future.

User and digital certification management plays an important role in the information grid system. It is the foundation of the authority management and security service invocation of grids and gives the basic support for grid portal and high level business process. In this paper,we put forward a framework for user management in forestry grid which coued support two-dimension role management,digital certification management and security service call. User and digital management module for digital forestry grid has been implemented based on the framework,and it will offer very good support for user authentication and workflow in forestry grid.