This study investigated the effects of human disturbance (selection cutting) on coarse woody debris (CWD) in Korean Pine and broad_leaved mixed forest on Changbai Mountain. The forests were classified into two categories according to disturbance history: natural forest and selection cutting forest. The average volumes of CWD were 78.88 m³·hm^-2 in natural forest and 41.7 m³·hm^-2 in selection cutting forest, respectively. In natural forest, 94% of the volume of CWD consisted of fallen logs, 5.8% of standing dead trees and 0.2% of cut stumps. Most of the volume of CWD belonged to 2～40 cm diameter class. In selection cutting forest, 55% of the volume of CWD consisted of cut stumps, 41% of fallen logs, 4% of stand standing dead tree, Most of the volume of CWD belonged to 11～50 cm diameter class. Covered areas of CWD in natural forest and selective cutting forest were 376.2 and 189.3 m²·hm^-1 respectively. Percentage of fallen logs in E decay class of natural forest and selective cutting were 33^5% and 14% respectively. Selection cutting method reduced fallen logs considerably. To retain the natural forest characteristics of CWD, management strategy should be reconsidered in managing forest.

The species diversity of halophytic vegetation and its distribution changes with salt content of soil were studied by the spot investigation and referred literatures in this paper. The results showed that there were about 305 species 15 varieties and 7 subspecies of halophytes,which belong to 38 families and 124 genera in Xinjiang. The halophytes concentratively distributed in the groundwater overflowing zone of alluvial fan,outer area of riverside oasis and desert skirts. Richness of halophyte in communities was mainly controlled by salt content of soil. The relationships between halophyte richness as well as β-diversity and salt content can be simulated by quadratic equation. The highest richness of halophyte occurred at the habitat with salt content of 4% and it decreased while the salt content exceeded or below the threshold. The most species of halophytic shrub,sub-shrub and annual herb was observed at the habitat with salt content of 4%. The species richness and β-diversity of halophytic community decreased sharply while the salt content of habitat exceeded 5 to 6 percent. At habitat of salt content exceeding 12 percent,none annual herb but 2 to 4 species of halophytic shrub and sub-shrub were observed and the halophyte richness decreased by minimum. The component of life forms of halophytes in communities varied with salt content of soil,I.e. the annual herbs decreased and the shrubs increased with the increasing of salt content of soil. In addition,the study on distribution characteristics of 12 community-constructed species,such as Tamarix hispida,Nitraria sibirica,Kalidium foliatum,Phragmites australia,Suaeda glauca,Halocnermum strobilaceum,Halostachys caspica,Salsola ferganica,Lycium ruthenicum,Alhagi sparsifolia,Karelinia caspica and Reaumuria soongorica,showed that the salt adaptabilities of plant to salt are very different among the species T. hispida,N. sibirica,and H. caspica widely distributed in the habitat from 0.2% to 27.0% of salt content. H. strobilaceum was mainly found in the habitat exceeding 2% of salt content and rarely found in low saline environments,P. australia was found only in the habitat below 17% of salt content,K. foliatum and A. sparsifolia usually survived in the soil below 8% of salt content,L. ruthenicum and K. caspica were usually found in the habitat below 6% of salt content,S. glauca and S. ferganica were only found in the habitat below 8% of salt content and R. soongorica generally grew in the saline soil below 4% of salt content. Distribution frequency of different halophytes showed different trends with salt content in their distribution salt interval. The distribution frequency of T. hisipa,H. caspica,H. strobilaceum,A. sparsifolia and K. caspica increased linearly in the salt interval they distributed. Frequency of S. glauca,S. ferganica and R. soongorica decreased linearly in the habitat below 8.0% of salt content and 4% of salt content,respectively. However,the relationships of distribution of P. australia,N. sibirica,K. foliatum and L. ruthenicum with soil salt could be expressed by quadratic equation and the frequency of N. sibirica and P. australia got a peak at about 10% of salt content,frequency of K. foliatum got a peak at about 4% of salt content and frequency of L. ruthenicum got a peak at about 2.5% of salt content.

According to the data,the height and width of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus were classified. The results indicated that the population structures of A. mongolicus were different in different environmental conditions. The age structures of three A. mongolicus populations showed the decline trend. The spatial distribution patterns and pattern dynamics of A. mongolicus populations were studied by applying seven aggregate indices(C,K,m^*,I,1/K,m^*/m and I_δ ) in different environmental conditions. And the spatial distribution pattern with different quadrat scale was examined. The results indicated that the spatial distribution pattern and aggregation intensity were different in different environmental conditions,while the tendency of pattern aggregation was generally parallel. The figure of pattern scale and pattern intensity showed that plot 2 clumped in 25 and 100 m²,and plot 3 clumped in 150 m²,while plot 1 performed the pattern of random distribution in all quadrat scale. With the population age increased,the distribution pattern had a trend from random to clustering and finally to random. The young and old individuals performed the pattern of random distribution,while the individuals of middle age stage clumped. The environmental factors principally influenced the formation and development of the spatial distribution pattern of A. mongolicus populations.

Changes in endogenous hormones in terminal bud of Lilium davidii var. unicolor bulbs during the 101 days storage at 2 ℃,6 ℃ and 10 ℃ in moist sawdust were studied. And the regression analyses step by step were performed farther between carbohydrate,phenols,arginine and endogenous hormones. The results indicated that abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased and gibberellic acid (GA₃),indole acetic acid (IAA) and zeatinriboside (ZR) had the increase phase during storage. As the storage temperature declined,contents of ABA and GA₃ decreased,furthermore,the lower temperature was,the earlier ABA content decreased. Correlation analysis revealed that there was no any correlations between GA₃ and ABA level. Significantly negative correlations between ABA content and amylase activity,total soluble sugar content,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity,phenols content were observed. But there were markedly positive correlations between GA₃ or ZR level and above substances. Results of path analysis showed that the negative effect of ABA was all-important,the positive effect of GA₃ in the next place and effect of ZR was little. There was remarkable positive correlation between arginine and ABA concentration. It was primarily concluded that endogenous ABA was the central inhibitor and GA₃ was not the essential factor for amylase activity increase in bud.

Using the method of nutritional solution culture,effect of aluminum stress on seven-month Longan (Dimocarpus longan) seedlings was studied. The results showed that aluminum stress disturbed the nitrogen metabolism. Aluminum stress enhanced the activity of protease and reduced content of total soluble protein,heat_stable protein,and heat-unstable protein. The activity of protease in leaves and roots increased 33.76%～217.30%,70.45%～167.86% respectively. Soluble protein,heat-stable protein,and heat-unstable protein decreased 16.54%～58.53%,18.29%～64.56%,9.09%～32.87% in leaves and 17.84%～34.61%,21.47%～41.59%,12.85%～24.99% in roots respectively. There was significantly negative correlation between the soluble protein and the activity of protease. Under aluminum stress,the total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,NH⁺₄-N,and the activity of nitrate reductase(NR) in leaves decreased,and the non-protein nitrogen increased. NO^--₃-N increased when the aluminum concentration was lower than 0.185 mmol·L ^-1 ,and it decreased when the aluminum concentration was higher than 0.185 mmol·L^-1 with increasing the concentration. Aluminum stress reduced the increment of total hydrolytic amino in root and the reduction in leaves. The range of increment was 0.59%～11.74%,and the range of reduction was 0.90%～27.55%.The content of RNA and DNA in leaves decreased 13.10%～61.47%,12.61%～41.00%,and the activity of Rnase and Dnase increased 35.62%～63.47%,35.57%～183.27% respectively by the aluminum stress. The RNA and DNA negatively correlated with Rnase and Dnase respectively. The primary causation of the decrease in the protein and nucleic acid of Longan seedlings: the increase of the protease activity induced the proteolysis,with the increment of the Rnase and Dnase activity,the catabolism of DNA and RNA were accelerated; and with the reduction of the DNA and RNA content,the velocity of protein synthesis was reduced; the adversity stress induced the increase of AOS,and the acceleration of membrane-lipid peroxidation,and the restraint of protein and nucleic acid synthesis.

The heat dissipation technique was applied to measure the sap flow velocity of Pinus elliottii in the artificial forest of subtropical southern China from May 21^st 15:54 to June 6^th 9:04 in 2003. The results showed that the average sap velocity of the measured three trees was 82.43 cm·d ^-1 with a normal pattern of diurnal variation,during the measuring period. Air temperature,soil temperature,solar radiation and relative humidity of atmosphere,were the most significant factors effecting the sap flow velocity. We also found that the data quality control of sap flow velocity could be performed by the ratio of maximum value to average value for sap flow observations and its concerned confidence interval analysis,correlation analysis and paired t-test.

The tissue culture of Ginkgo biloba in different young position,such as leaf,stem section and bud,were carried out in the paper,by using MS medium added different concentrations of plant growth regulators for instance 2,4-D,NAA and 6-BA. Taking uniform design U^*₄(6⁴),both the callus induction and the regeneration of explants with different materials and different hormones were analyzed in the experiment. The result showed that the optimal choice was NAA 2.0 mg·L^-1 + 6-BA 1.5 mg·L^-1 + bud,and there was a lack of significance of difference for 2,4-D.

Carbon storage and component was compared between two 33-year-old plantations of broad-leaved species,Castanopsis kawakamii (CaK),and conifer species,Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese Fir,CF),in Sanming,Fujian Province. Total carbon storage was 325.9 and 228.3 t·hm^-2 ,respectively,in the CaK and the CF,of which the tree layer accounted for 65.9% and 57.5% and the mineral soil occupied 32.5% and 40.3%,respectively. The contributions of the undergrowth,litter layer,coarse woody debris (CWD) and dead fine root to the total carbon pool was no more than 1%. In the CaK,55.8% of the tree carbon pool was comprised of stem woods plus barks,compared with 75.4% in the CF. Though annual current C accumulation rate in the CaK prior to 6-year-old was slightly lower than in the CF,it gradually exceeded that in the CF after 7-year-old. The annual current C accumulation rate peaked at age 15 in the CaK and at age 10 in the CF. The maturity age for carbon accumulation was 20-year-old in the CF and was longer than 33-year-old in the CaK. With respect to carbon sequestration,CaK was superior to CF as a carbon plantation.

Regimes of regeneration and dispersal distance of two typical exotic tree species in the subtropics of China,Black Wattle,Acacia mearnsii,and Silver Wattle,Acacia dealbata,were studied through investigating soil seed bank to predict their invasive potential. The results showed that Black Wattle is prolific in seed production and mainly reproduced sexually,while Silver Wattle sprouts heavily with high survival rate. Soil seed bank density of Black Wattle and Silver Wattle was 28 882 seeds·m^-2 and 1 475 seeds·m^-2 ,respectively. Most seeds fell on the ground or into litter,revealing potential for further dispersal. Seeds in soil seed bank were viable with germination rate over 85%. Although these two tree species had plenty of seeds in their soil seed banks,emerged seedlings were much fewer. At the stand edge,there were 0.8 seedlings·m^-2 and 1.0 seedlings·m^-2 ,respectively,and around mother trees respectively 1.3 seedlings·m ^-2 and 0.6 seedlings·m^-2. The above data indicated that the actual expansion of the two species was not significant. Seed dispersal distance was short,approximately twice as the height of the mother trees. The dispersal of Black Wattle seeds was affected by moisture condition of pod,weight of seeds and wind. Along with the wind direction seeds were much more and dispersed farther than those at other directions. Silver Wattle colonized site by sprouting and no significant directional difference was found. The results indicated that the potential risk in biological invasion of the two species is high,so they should be properly introduced and planted in the places where are uneasy to be invaded.

A large proportion of up to 90% of the seeds of Codariocalyx motorius are hard seeds of varying degrees as revealed during the process of imbibition. The seeds that were able to imbibe on the first day had the lowest degree of hardness and were regarded as non-hard,while the seeds that took increasingly more time to imbibe had increasingly higher degrees of hardness. The seeds that remained unimbibed on the fifth day were taken as the hardest seeds for the test in this study,which were shown,after their dormancy being broken by 80～90 ℃ hot water treatment,to have higher germination rate,vigour index and stress resistance,and lower electric conductivity,in comparison to those of the control. The results indicate that the hard seeds have higher seed vigour than the non-hard seeds in seed lots of Codariocalyx motorius,and that the seed vigour increases with the degree of seed hardness. For this reason,the hard seeds are of better quality in seed lots of Codariocalyx motorius.

The extraction techniques and a simple measurement method for the acidic polysaccharides from Eucommia ulmoides leaves were studied. The results were as follows:The residue of E.ulmoides leaves after extracting bioactive constituents could be used to extract acidic polysaccharides,which was the multilevel exploitation and reuse of E.ulmoides. The optimum extraction condition was 1.0% ammonia solvent,at the temperature of 100 ℃,2 times and 2 h per time. The acidic polysaccharides could be purified with resin. To measure the contents of acidic polysaccharides with DNS method,the hydrolyzed time should be within 15～20 min,the optimum coloration time was 10 min,the maximum absorption wavelength was 492 nm,and the recovery was 98.30%,RSD,1.76%.

Desertification control regionalization means based on the natural conditions and driving factors leading to desertification,severity of desertification and distribution of desertified land,dividing the area desertification occurs into different regions in order to take appropriate desertification control measurements in the regions according to the specific conditions. The program of desertification control in source area of the sand and dust endangering Beijing-Tianjin has been carried out from 2002. This area covers 75 counties (cities or banners) in Beijng,Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi and Tianjin,with an area of 460 thousand km² in which 101.8 thousand km² desertified. The principles for desertification control regionalization were formulated based on the analyses of driving factors leading to desertification and desertified land distribution. According to the principles,the source area of the sand and dust endangering Beijing-Tianjin was divided into six desertification control areas,I.e. degraded grassland area in the Ulanqab Plateau,degraded grassland area in the north of the Xilin Gol Plateau,desertified area in the Hunshan Dak Sandy Land,desertified area in western Korqin Sandy Land,the wind and water eroded area in the Bashang Plateau and the Yanbei Plateau,and water eroded area in Yanshan mountainous region. Rehabilitation countermeasures are suggested for the different desertification control areas.

10-year-old Black Pines were inoculated with aseptic pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in September 2001,and examined in August 2002. The nematodes and the bacterium were isolated from the Black Pines which were inoculated. The results indicated that 5 individuals were healthy among 8 inoculated pine trees after 11 months. The aseptic pine wood nematodes could be isolated from the xylem of healthy Black Pines. The results showed that aseptic pine wood nematodes could not lead pine trees to wilt though the nematodes could parasize inside the xylem of pine trees.

The species diversity of higher plants and coniferous bark beetles in hilly cultivated land (community Ⅰ).Pinus tabulaeformis-P. armandi-Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata (communityⅡ),P. tabulaeformis-P. armand-Q. variabilis (community Ⅲ),P. tabulaeformis-P. armandi-Q. liaotungensis (community Ⅳ),Abies fargesii-Larix potaninii (community Ⅴ) and Betula albosinensis-B. utilis-A. fargesii (communityⅥ ) in Niubeiliang Nature Reserve were studied. The result showed that from shrub communities to mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest communities,the Shannon-Wiener's diversity index,Pielou's evenness index and species richness presented an increasing trend; but from mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest communities to alpine coniferous forest communities and alpine meadow communities,the Shannon_Wiener's diversity index,Pielou's evenness index and species richness presented an decreasing trend. View the situation as a whole,the diversity of forest communities is higher than that of shrubs and meadow communities,the diversity of the deciduous broad-leaved forest is higher than that of coniferous forest. However,the Berger-Parker's dominance index presented a trend just on the contrary compared to Shannon-Wiener's diversity index,Pielou's evenness index and species richness. The result of species diversity of bark beetles in different forest communities showed that the species diversity and evenness indices decreased in the following sequence: community Ⅱ,community Ⅲ,community Ⅳ,community Ⅴ,community Ⅵ and community Ⅰ. However,the dominance index presented a trend just on the contrary compared to diversity index and evenness index. On the basis of natural geography and vegetation,the plant communities and coniferous bark beetles communities diversity were compared in Niubeiliang Nature Reserve,the results indicated that: in different forest plant communities,the diversity of bark beetles had much difference. The result also showed that in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest communities which had complex ecological condition and abundant vegetation,the Shannon-Wiener's diversity index,Pielou's evenness index and species richness of bark beetles were higher than those in other communities. Because the dominance index was lower than those in other communities,so it was hard to found a breakout of bark beetle in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest communities. These indicated that the ecological management measures which promote the diversity and stability of forest ecosystem were of far reaching importance in improving automatic control of pest population.

The dynamics of haemolymph ployamines of the last instar and diapausing prepupa of the sawfly Chinolyda flagellicornis were determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results showed that there were eight kinds of polyamines in the haemolymph of the sawfly,the putrescine(Put)、spermidine(Spd)、spermine(Spm) and cadaverine(Cad) were common polyamines,and the titres and kinds of polyamines were varied with the stages of development. The tires of Spm of diapausing prepupa maintained in a higher level,and formed two separated Spm concentration peak values. The Spd could not be detected in the first five months of diapausing prepua,but it had a higher level in the next development. The tires of Cad were going up a little before pupation,while the titres of Put were higher during the whole development of diapausing prepupa,formed one peak values in the times of 90 days of development,and going up sharply before pupation. It seemed that the polyamines are involved in regulating the diapause of C. flagellicornis.

Chinese Fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation sapwood and heartwood boards were treated by radio_frequency vacuum drying(RFVD),conventional kiln drying(KD) and high temperature drying(HT) methods. The maximum amount of dyeing solution uptake by the capillary rise method was used to evaluate the liquid impregnation properties of treated wood. The pit aspiration ratio was determined by semithin section method. Changes in the wood microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the liquid impregnation of Chinese Fir sapwood after radio-frequency vacuum drying is significant higher than that after conventional kiln drying and high temperature drying,there is no significant difference of liquid impregnation for Chinese Fir sapwood after conventional kiln drying and high temperature drying. The effect of radio-frequency vacuum drying and high temperature drying methods on liquid impregnation of Chinese Fir heartwood is significant,but there is no significant difference of liquid impregnation for Chinese Fir heartwood after radio-frequency vacuum drying and conventional kiln drying,high temperature drying and conventional kiln drying. The liquid impregnation of Chinese Fir sapwood is significantly higher than heartwood after three drying treatments. Low pit aspiration ratio and cracks of some bordered pits are the main reasons for increasing liquid impregnation after radio-frequency vacuum drying treatment.

The large numbers of nondestructive test signals of wood-base panel are complicated non-stationary time_varying signals. It is difficult for Fourier analysis to processing that. Wavelet analysis is the development of methods on signal processing and is an effective method for processign an unsteady signal. Taking the medium density fiberboard as the sample,discussed the feasibility of the applications of wavelet analysis in the nondestructive test wood-base panel. The main results were as follows: the longitudinal resonance modulus of elasticity that was measured by wavelet analysis can be the token of conventionality static modulus of elasticity because that had prominent correlation with static modulus of elasticity under the level of 0.01. The defects of samples can be judged by wavelet analysis that has superiority in the defect nondestructive test.

Composite latex particles of hydro-rosin and poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA were synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization. The influence of introduction of hydro-rosin on polymerization was studied by monitoring the evolution of monomer conversion and particle size. The particle morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The molecular weight,molecular weight distribution and the glass transition temperature of the resulted composite polymers were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the diameter of the droplet and the polymer particles was almost the same before and after polymerization. The introduction of hydro-rosin reduced both the molecular weight and glass transition temperature of PMMA,which was highly accorded with the prediction from polymer theories.

Based on the historical and current situation and problems of non-public forestry,this paper defines its content and analyses its characteristics. From the perspectives of classic economics,system economics,legal economics and modern forestry economics,this paper discusses the non-public forestry innovative principles,value preference,targets and puts forward establishing a system that is centered with non-public forestry's development,establishing a commodity forest aiding system compensating the log and forest operators to maintain them earn the general average business profits; and letting government introduce non-public social welfare forest procurement,and introduce non-public factors to the social welfare production,and forming in a further step the social welfare forest procurement system with the framework of producing competitions; establishing a forest right system with clearly arranged property right,will-supported,easily fluctuation and a forest innovative framework with trinity.

Computer modeling and visualization of forest landscape recently becomes a hot topic,whose study can benefit such fields as ecology,forest management,physical geography and botany,etc. There are 3 major techniques to construct a visual model of vegetation: traditional polygon-based modeling,photo-realistic image-based modeling,and procedure-based modeling. Polygon-based model is widely used for plants and forest scenes rendering; image and procedure-based models provide more effective solutions for complex scenes simulation and deal well with massive data. The state-of-the-art development in this field is reviewed from the perspectives of single tree modeling,forest scenery rendering,forest growth model classification and characteristics,and typical virtual forest modeling systems. The trend and key issues to be solved in forest landscape ecosystem modeling and visualization are also discussed.

Turpentine is the cheapest essential oil with the biggest yield in the world,the Chinese yield taking the second place. Its main compositions are α-pinene and β-pinene. It has the unique advantages of chemical structure and reaction characteristics to develop insecticide chemicals,and has the advantage of nature and abundance,so the prospects of its developing series of insecticide chemicals are good. The insecticide chemicals developed from turpentine are mainly synergist of insecticide,terpenoid repellents and juvenile hormone analogs. The research status and the prospects of these chemicals in the world were summarized and analyzed in this paper. At the same time,one new synergist of insecticide and one new terpenoid repellent synthesized by authors were introduced.

Diurnal and seasonal variation of CO₂ flux above the Korean Pine and broad_leaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain were expounded according to the measurements by eddy covariance technique. The results showed that the diurnal variation during growing season was closely correlated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The forest assimilated the CO₂ in daytime and released in night. The maximum uptake occurred about 9 o'clock of local time in clear day. Assimilation was synchronous to PAR in cloudy day. The night respiration increased with increasing of shallow soil temperature. The CO₂ flux also had obviously seasonal variation that was mainly controlled by temperature. Relationship between monthly net exchange of CO₂ and monthly mean air temperature fit cubic equation. Remarkable uptake occurred in blooming growing season,May to August,and weak respiration occurred in dormant season,October to March,and relatively big release happed in October. Assimilation and respiration were nearly balanced during the transition of growing and dormant seasons. The annual carbon uptake of the ecosystem was-184 gC·m^-2 .

Frozen young leaves of apricot(Armeniaca vulgaris) ‘Katy’ and ‘Xinshiji' were used for isolation of total DNA. Total RNA was isolated from their styles at the balloon stage. DNA and cDNA were amplified through PCR using AS1 Ⅱ and ArmyC5R as primers designed according to the conserved (C1,C5) sequences of Rosaceae S-Rnases. Three S-Rnase genes,P.a S8 from ‘Katy’ and P.a S9,P.a S10 from ‘Xinshiji’,were amplified and cloned. Amplified DNA bands were different sizes: P.a S8 of 927 bp,P.a S9 of 992 bp,P.a S10 of 583 bp,and cDNA bands were 521 bp,521 bp,479 bp,respectively. The results of Blastn in GenBank showed that they were novel S-Rnase genes and they have been deposited in GenBank (Accession No.: AY884212,AY864826,AY864825,AY853594 and AY846872). Genomic sequences showed an intron structure between C1 and C5 region. The introns of P.a S8,P.a S9,and P.a S10 were 406 bp,471 bp,104 bp and lay in the hypervariable region (RHV) between C2 and C3. Three genes were compared and displayed similarity at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid level. Most of amino acid sequences of S-Rnase gene in Prunoideae (Rosaceae) were used to form their phyligenetic tree. The evolutionary relationships showed S-Rnase genes did not form a distinct cluster within species. Intra-species similarity was not higher than inter-species one. Therefore,we speculated that the evolutionary of S-Rnase genes in Prunoideae was not consisted with that of species.

Influencing factors to seed dormancy and germination characteristics of Sorbus pohuashanensis were studied. These factors included the morphological development of embryos,the mechanical obstruction of the seed coat,the water and air permeability of seed coat,and the biologic inhibition of extracts from different parts of seed. The results showed that when the seeds of Sorbus pohuashanensis became mature,the morphological development of the embryos was complete. The influencing effect of the mechanical obstruction,the water and permeability of seed coat for seed germination was little; there were inhibited substances to the seed of cabbage germination in seed coat and embryo,the germination depressor could be fat soluble substances. This indicated that the dormant degree was different for the different embryo parts. Cotyledon and hypocotyl was in low degree dormancy,whereas radicle and epicotyl was in high degree dormancy. To some extent,the germination rate of in vitro cultured embryos was increased with detruncating cotyledon and radicle treament. A 1∶3 mixture of seeds and sharp sand at low temperature in favor of removing dormancy. Treated by 200 mg·L^-1 6-BA for 24 h,then remained in low temperature (0～5 ℃),seeds could germinated well (the germination rate could reached 31.56% in 3 month treatment). ABA completely inhibited the germination of seed,warm-cold varied temperature treatment did not promote the removing of dormancy of seed.

The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) in 3^th instar Chihuo zao were tested with conventional biochemical method after photo and dark reactivation treated by the chloroform extracts(TPC)which was obtained by sohxlet method from the root of Tateges erecta. The results showed :In the dark,the activities of POD,and CAT in treated group were obviously significant higher than those in contrasting group;In the light,the activities of SOD,POD,and CAT could be inhibited by TPC,after larvae had been exposed to photo lights radiation for 1 h. The more longer of the photo lights radiation,the more stronger of the inhibition. The results indicated that TPC possessed high photo-activity.

The basic principle of simulation method of Monte Carlo was introduced in this paper. Summarized the application theory of discrete and nonlinear system and the present status and problem in some application direction. This paper commented on the application foreground in the wood-based industry in detail,put forward this method can simulate the defiberator in the wood-based industry,there by this method will open up a new approach to the design theory of defiberator.