科尔沁沙地典型乔灌植被的深层渗漏与土壤水分补给特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240789

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impacts of typical sand-fixing vegetation（Caragana microphylla shrubs and Populus alba var. pyramidalis trees) on deep percolation and soil moisture in different hydro-meteorological years in Horqin Sandy Land, so as to provide a scientific basis for water management in forest and grassland ecosystems to support the “Three-North” Shelter Forest Program and the ecological restoration efforts in Horqin and Hunsanzhake sandy regions. Methods: During growing seasons (April to October) of 2022 (wet year) and 2023 (dry year), the real-time quantitative monitoring of deep percolation across typical shrub and tree vegetation covers and mobile sandy areas in Horqin Sandy Land was conducted by using a self-developed deep percolation recorder (YWB-01). The differences in deep percolation were compared between different sand fixing vegetation types in two different hydro-meteorological years on a daily and monthly scale. Soil moisture at 0–200 cm depths was monitored to elucidate variations in the relative extractable water in the shallow (0–40 cm), middle (40–120 cm), and deep (120–200 cm) soil layers between the wet and drought years. Finally, based on water balance analysis, the water replenishment capacity of different vegetation types was assessed. Result: 1) In each hydro-meteorological year, the relative extractable water in all soil layers was significantly higher in mobile sandy areas than in vegetated sites (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the relative extractable water in shallow layer (0–40 cm) between shrub and tree sites, while the middle and deep layers (40–120 cm and 120–200 cm) had significantly higher relative extractable water in shrub sites compared to tree sites (P<0.05). 2) The variation characteristics of deep percolation across different hydro-meteorological years exhibited similar patterns in different vegetation types, with the highest percolation flux in mobile sand dunes, followed by shrublands, and lowest in forested areas. The magnitude of deep percolation was greater in the wet year than that in drought year. On daily scales, deep percolation in mobile sand dunes in different hydro-meteorological years exceeded that in shrublands at least approximately 73.86% of days, with an even higher proportion on a monthly basis. Throughout the study period, deep percolation was consistently higher in mobile sand dunes and shrublands than that in forested sites. 3) The evapotranspiration in shrub and tree vegetation was significantly higher in the wet year compared to the drought year. Shrublands contributed to soil water recharge, whereas forests led to soil moisture deficits. Conclusion: In different hydro-meteorological years, vegetation-covered sites exhibit significantly reduced deep percolation relative to mobile sand dunes at both daily and monthly scales, with a more pronounced reduction observed in forested sands. The relative extractable water within the soil profile beneath vegetation is markedly lower than in mobile sand dunes; forested sites consume more mid- and deep-layer soil water, resulting in notable soil moisture deficits.

Key words: Horqin Sandy Land, vegetation for sand stabilization, deep percolation volume, soil moisture, desert ecosystem rehabilitation

CLC Number:

S152.7

Tao Yu,Liang He,Wenbin Yang,Yiben Cheng,Wei Feng,Ronglian Qi,Guohua Liu,Yanyan Ning,Yuanyuan Yu,Wei Li. Characteristics of Deep Percolation and Soil Water Replenishment of Typical Arboreal and Shrub Vegetation in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(1): 83-94.

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样地Sample plot	高度 Height/m	冠幅 Crown width	植被类型 Vegetation type	林龄 Age/a	微地形 Microrelief	配置模式 Planting pattern
小叶锦鸡儿固定沙地 Fixed sandy land with Caragana microphylla	1.47	1.3 m×1.1 m	灌丛 Shrub	20	平缓沙地 Gentle sandy land	随机分布 Random distribution
新疆杨固定沙地 Fixed sandy land with Populus alba var. pyramidalis	8.33	3.4 m×3.5 m	乔木 Arboreal vegetation	15	平缓沙地 Gentle sandy land	单行一带，行距4 m，株距2 m Single-row belt, row spacing 4 m, plant spacing 2 m

降雨特征 Rainfall Characteristics	湿润年份 2022 Wet year 2022				干旱年份 2023 Dry year 2023
降雨特征 Rainfall Characteristics	中雨 Moderate rain	大雨 Heavy rain	暴雨 Torrential rain	特大暴雨 Extraordinary torrential rain	中雨 Moderate rain	大雨 Heavy rain	暴雨 Torrential rain	特大暴雨 Extraordinary torrential rain
开始时间 Start time	2022–06–22 2:00	2022–08–04 18:00	2022–08–14 9:00	2022–06–23 12:00	2023–06–20 0:00	2023–09–17 17:00	2023–07–13 16:00	2023–07–22 9:00
结束时间 End time	2022–06–22 23:00	2022–08–05 8:00	2022–08–15 13:00	2022–06–27 4:00	2023–06–20 18:00	2023–09–18 1:00	2023–07–18 5:00	2023–07–23 10:00
降雨历时 Duration/h	16	4	20	27	9	5	25	26
降雨量 Rainfall/mm	8.8	15	29.6	73.8	7.8	18.4	20.2	77.6
平均雨强 Mean intensity/(mm·h^?1)	0.55	3.75	1.48	2.73	0.86	3.68	0.81	2.98
最大雨强 Max intensity/(mm·h^?1)	1.0	11.6	5.6	14.8	1.8	16	3.8	13.6

降雨特征 Rainfall Characteristics		小雨 Light rain	中雨 Moderate rain	大雨 Heavy rain	暴雨 Torrential rain	特大暴雨 Extraordinary torrential rain	总量 Total
湿润年份（2022年） Wet year（2022）	频次 Frequency	14	7	5	6	3	35
	频次比例 Proportion（%）	40.00	20.00	12.29	17.14	8.57	100.00
	雨量Precipitation/mm	16.00	51.40	69.00	163.40	191.60	491.40
	雨量比例 Proportion（%）	3.26	10.46	14.04	33.25	38.99	100.00
干旱年份（2023年） Dry year（2023）	频次 Frequency	24	4	4	3	1	36
	频次比例 Proportion（%）	66.67	11.11	11.11	8.33	2.78	100.00
	雨量 Precipitation/mm	34.60	28.60	53.20	62.00	77.60	256.00
	雨量比例 Proportion（%）	13.52	11.17	20.78	24.22	30.31	100.00

年份 Year	降雨等级 Rainfall levels	40 cm土深 40 cm soil depth		120 cm土深 120 cm soil depth		200 cm土深 200 cm soil depth
年份 Year	降雨等级 Rainfall levels	滞后时间 Lag time/h	响应累计雨量 Response to accumulated rainfall/mm	滞后时间 Lag time/h	响应累计雨量 Response to accumulated rainfall/mm	滞后时间 Lag time/h	响应累计雨量 Response to accumulated rainfall/mm
湿润年份 Wet year	中雨 Moderate rain	—	—	—	—	—	—
	大雨 Heavy rain	8	14.8	—	—	—	—
	暴雨 Torrential rain	9	19.4	34	29.6	—	—
	特大暴雨 Extraordinary torrential rain	6	13.4	13	59.0	18	61.6
干旱年份 Dry year	中雨 Moderate rain	—	—	—	—	—	—
	大雨 Heavy rain	6	18	—	—	—	—
	暴雨 Torrential rain	14	14.8	—	—	—	—
	特大暴雨 Extraordinary torrential rain	8	32	13	70.4	16	73.4

样地 Sample plot	湿润年份 Wet year				干旱年份 Dry year
样地 Sample plot	降雨量 Rainfall/mm	DP/mm	ΔSWS/mm	ET/mm	降雨量 Rainfall/mm	DP/mm	ΔSWS/mm	ET/mm
流动沙地 Mobile sand	491.4	214.0	28.21	249.19	256.0	84.6	13.97	157.43
小叶锦鸡儿固定沙地 Sandy land fixed with C. microphylla	491.4	57.0	9.1	425.3	256.0	33.2	3.2	219.6
新疆杨固定沙地 Sandy land fixed with P. alba var. pyramidalis	491.4	0	?44.6	496.0	256.0	0	?49.3	265.3

Characteristics of Deep Percolation and Soil Water Replenishment of Typical Arboreal and Shrub Vegetation in Horqin Sandy Land

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