Abstract:

In recent years, China has been actively developing forestry Internet of Things (IoT) technology in order to promote modernization of forestry and facilitate the high-quality and smart development of forestry and grassland. Firstly, this paper outlines the development process of forestry IoT both domestically and internationally. Next, this paper introduces key technologies in the field from three aspects: perception, communication, and platform management. It elaborates on important technologies in the field of forestry IoT, such as radio frequency identification (RFID), sensors, ZigBee, LoRa, NB-IoT, data storage and quality control, and security and access control. On this basis, this paper analyzes in-depth the application of forestry IoT in many scenarios, such as forests, grasslands and wetlands resources supervision, forestry ecological environment monitoring, forest disaster monitoring and early warning, wildlife monitoring, intelligent supervision of nature reserves, and forestry industry. Forestry IoT is an important component of integrated sky-ground monitoring in forestry, playing a significant role in real-time collection of ground surveys and high-frequency, fine-scale observational data. It also serves as a crucial means for early monitoring and warning of forest fires and pests. Moreover, it plays an important role in rapidly developing fields such as traceability of forest products, ecotourism, and forest wellness in recent years. Analysis of the current application of forestry IoT reveals that although forestry IoT technology has been widely applied in various fields, there are still bottlenecks in the development of forestry IoT in China, such as an incomplete standard system, insufficient independent research and development capabilities for specialized sensors, and weak power and communication infrastructure in remote forest areas. Domestically developed forestry sensors still lag behind foreign counterparts in terms of accuracy, stability, and reliability. The challenges in power supply and communication continue to hinder the long-term, continuous, and automated acquisition and updating of forestry IoT monitoring data. In terms of data processing and analysis methods, new technologies and approaches such as artificial intelligence have not yet been effectively applied in certain forestry areas. Furthermore, forestry data sharing mechanisms and the protection of sensitive ecological data security still require further development and refinement. Finally, in response to the aforementioned challenges, this paper presents a forward-looking perspective on the development of forestry IoT in China. This includes promoting the establishment of a forestry IoT standard system through multi-stakeholder collaboration, developing forestry sensors with proprietary tailored to specific application scenarios and environments, and exploring multi-energy complementary field power supply system alongside intelligently integrated multi-network communication technologies. It also emphasizes advancing fundamental theories and intelligent algorithms for forestry IoT data analysis, systematically establishing the data security management framework for forestry IoT, and promoting the application of technologies such as drones, artificial intelligence, edge computing, and blockchain within the forestry IoT ecosystem. By reviewing the current application status of forestry IoT globally and the challenges faced in China, this paper aims to provide valuable insights for the advancement of forestry IoT and the development of smart forestry and grassland in China.

Key words: forestry Internet of Things, forestry ecological monitoring, forest disaster monitoring, forestry sensors, wireless communications