Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 102-111.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220305
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Lin Yang1,Zhongping Xiong1,Xia Liu1,*(),Yishun Qian1,Rui Yang1,Xiu Han1,Hua Fang2,Zhenghui Xu1
Received:
2022-05-07
Online:
2023-06-25
Published:
2023-08-08
Contact:
Xia Liu
E-mail:liuxia.1128@163.com
CLC Number:
Lin Yang,Zhongping Xiong,Xia Liu,Yishun Qian,Rui Yang,Xiu Han,Hua Fang,Zhenghui Xu. Species Diversity of Ants in the Middle of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(6): 102-111.
Table 1
Sample-plots for ant community investigation in middle Tianshan Mountain"
样地地点 Sample sites | 海拔 Altitude/m | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope /(o) | 土壤类型 Soil types | 土壤湿度 Soil moisture | 植被类型 Vegetation types | 植被性质 Vegetation property | 乔木郁 闭度 Canopy density (%) | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 地被物厚度 Litter thickness/cm | ||
灌木 Shrub | 草木 Herb | 地被物 Litter | ||||||||||
乌鲁木齐二道泉清真寺 Erdaoquan Mosque, Urumqi city | 1 011 | E | 10 | 黄壤 Yellow soil | 干燥 Arid | 杨树林 Poplar forest | 人工林 Artificial forest | 80 | 20 | 85 | 95 | 2~3 |
乌鲁木齐白家桃园 Baijia Taoyuan, Urumqi city | 1 273 | SW | 5 | 黄壤Yellow soil | 干燥 Arid | 杨树林 Poplar forest | 人工林 Artificial forest | 60 | 20 | 90 | 100 | 1~2 |
乌鲁木齐上寺村 Shangsi village, Urumqi city | 1 494 | NE | 10 | 黄壤 Yellow soil | 干燥 Arid | 杨树林 Poplar forest | 人工林 Artificial forest | 60 | 5 | 90 | 100 | 2~3 |
乌鲁木齐大西沟河坝 Daxigou river dam, Urumqi city | 1 792 | NE | 40 | 棕壤 Brown soil | 潮 Humid | 云杉林 Picea forest | 天然林 Natural forest | 50 | 30 | 80 | 80 | 2~3 |
乌鲁木齐大西沟水库 Daxigou reservoir, Urumqi city | 2 005 | W | 35 | 黄壤Yellow soil | 干燥 Arid | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 95 | 95 | 0.5~1 |
乌鲁木齐跃进桥 Yuejinqiao, Urumqi city | 2 294 | NE | 35 | 黄壤 Yellow soil | 湿润 Moist | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 95 | 95 | 1~2 |
乌鲁木齐萨尔托斯 Sartos, Urumqi city | 2 564 | S | 35 | 暗棕壤 Dark brown soil | 湿润 Moist | 灌丛 Shrub | 天然 Natural | 0 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 2~3 |
乌鲁木齐察汗诺尔 Qagan Nur, Urumqi city | 2 796 | SE | 40 | 棕壤 Brown soil | 湿润 Moist | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 10 | 95 | 95 | 0.5~1 |
乌鲁木齐钦达旺萨依 Qinda Wangsai, Urumqi city | 3 007 | S | 35 | 棕壤Brown soil | 湿润 Moist | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 1~2 |
乌鲁木齐阿依特达坂 Aitdaban, Urumqi city | 3 269 | SE | 30 | 暗棕壤 Dark brown soil | 湿 Wet | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 0.5~1 |
乌鲁木齐气象站 Meteorological station, Urumqi city | 3 546 | E | 30 | 暗棕壤 Dark brown soil | 湿 Wet | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 70 | 70 | 0.5~1 |
乌鲁木齐一号冰川 No. 1 glacier, Urumqi city | 3 763 | NE | 45 | 暗沙壤 Dark sandy soil | 湿 Wet | 流石滩 Screes | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0.5 |
乌鲁木齐冰达坂Bingdaban, Urumqi city | 3 957 | E | 40 | 灰沙壤 Grey sandy soil | 湿 Wet | 流石滩 Screes | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
和静县冰达坂南 South of Bingdaban, Hejing county | 3 784 | S | 25 | 黄沙壤Yellow soil | 湿 Wet | 流石滩 Screes | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 0.5 |
和静县黑熊沟 Heixionggou, Hejing county | 3 517 | SE | 25 | 暗棕壤Dark brown soil | 湿 Wet | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 95 | 95 | 1~2 |
和静县黑熊沟 Heixionggou, Hejing county | 3 257 | E | 30 | 暗棕壤 Dark brown soil | 湿 Wet | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 1~2 |
和静县布尔哈图 Burhatu, Hejing county | 3 008 | S | 20 | 黄沙壤Yellow sandy soil | 湿润 Moist | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 0.5~1 |
和静县乌苏托 Usuto, Hejing county | 2 750 | S | 15 | 黄壤Yellow soil | 湿润 Moist | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 95 | 95 | 0.5~1 |
和静县乌拉斯台 Ulastay, Hejing county | 2 499 | NW | 30 | 黄沙壤Yellow sandy soil | 湿润 Moist | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 90 | 90 | 0.5~1 |
和静县乌拉斯台 Ulastay, Hejing county | 2 227 | S | 30 | 黄沙壤Yellow sandy soil | 潮 Humid | 草丛 Herb | 天然Natural | 0 | 0 | 80 | 80 | 0.5~1 |
和静县哈让古 Haranggu, Hejing county | 2 015 | S | 20 | 黄沙壤Yellow sandy soil | 潮 Humid | 草丛 Herb | 天然 Natural | 0 | 0 | 70 | 70 | 0.5~1 |
和静县巴伦台 Balguntay, Hejing county | 1 724 | SE | 30 | 黄壤 Yellow soil | 干燥 Arid | 灌丛 Shrub | 天然 Natural | 0 | 40 | 30 | 50 | 0.5~1 |
和静县乌拉斯台河 Ulastay river, Hejing county | 1 501 | NE | 35 | 黄壤Yellow soil | 干燥 Arid | 灌丛 Shrub | 天然 Natural | 0 | 40 | 40 | 60 | 0.5~1 |
和静县黄水沟 Huangshuigou, Hejing county | 1 254 | S | 10 | 黄沙壤 Yellow sandy soil | 干燥 Arid | 落叶阔 叶林 Deciduous broad-leaf forest | 人工林 Artificial forest | 40 | 10 | 95 | 95 | 1~2 |
库尔勒市龙山 Longshan, Korla city | 977 | W | 20 | 黄沙壤Yellow sandy soil | 干燥 Arid | 胡杨林 Populus euphratica forest | 人工林 Artificial forest | 30 | 50 | 50 | 70 | 1~2 |
Table 2
Ant community composition in the middle Tianshan Mountain"
序号 No. | 物种Species | 天山中部 Middle Tianshan Mountain | 北坡 Northern slope | 南坡 Southern slope | ||||||||
Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | ||||
1 | 草地铺道蚁 Tetramorium caespitum | 3 380 | 28.7 | A | 508 | 8.2 | B | 2 872 | 52.0 | A | ||
2 | 萨氏红蚁 Myrmica saposhnikovi | 2 270 | 19.3 | A | 2 266 | 36.3 | A | 4 | 0.1 | E | ||
3 | 丝光蚁Formica fusca | 1 779 | 15.1 | A | 1 712 | 27.4 | A | 67 | 1.2 | C | ||
4 | 红林蚁 Formica clara | 1 337 | 11.3 | A | 1 | 0 | E | 1 336 | 24.2 | A | ||
5 | 工匠收获蚁 Messor structor | 449 | 3.8 | C | 187 | 3.0 | C | 262 | 4.7 | C | ||
6 | 艾箭蚁 Cataglyphis aenescens | 438 | 3.7 | C | 150 | 2.4 | C | 288 | 5.2 | B | ||
7 | 喜马毛蚁 Lasius himalayanus | 361 | 3.1 | C | 361 | 5.8 | B | 0 | 0 | — | ||
8 | 亚齿举腹蚁 Crematogaster subdentata | 356 | 3.0 | C | 0 | 0 | — | 356 | 6.4 | B | ||
9 | 黑毛蚁 Lasius niger | 240 | 2.0 | C | 240 | 3.8 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
10 | 凹唇蚁 Formica sanguinea | 154 | 1.3 | C | 154 | 2.5 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
11 | 寇氏心结蚁 Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi | 134 | 1.1 | C | 0 | 0 | — | 134 | 2.4 | C | ||
12 | 红头蚁 Formica truncorum | 128 | 1.1 | C | 128 | 2.1 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
13 | 堆土细胸蚁 Leptothorax acervorum | 120 | 1.019 8 | C | 120 | 2.0 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
14 | 土耳其切胸蚁 Temnothorax turcicus | 114 | 1.0 | D | 114 | 1.8 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
15 | 拟凶铺道蚁 Tetramorium feroxoides | 77 | 0.7 | D | 0 | 0 | — | 77 | 1.4 | C | ||
16 | 掘穴蚁 Formica cunicularia | 71 | 0.6 | D | 71 | 1.1 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
17 | 草地蚁 Formica pratensis | 68 | 0.6 | D | 68 | 1.1 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
18 | 光亮黑蚁 Formica candida | 68 | 0.6 | D | 68 | 1.1 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
19 | 黄毛蚁 Lasius flavus | 67 | 0.6 | D | 67 | 1.1 | C | 0 | 0 | — | ||
20 | 无刺铺道蚁 Tetramorium inerme | 56 | 0.5 | D | 0 | 0 | — | 56 | 1.0 | C | ||
21 | 满斜结蚁 Plagiolepis manczshurica | 39 | 0.3 | D | 0 | 0 | — | 39 | 0.7 | D | ||
22 | 切胸蚁待定种1 Temnothorax sp.1 | 30 | 0.3 | D | 0 | 0 | — | 30 | 0.5 | D | ||
23 | 北方蚁 Formica aquilonia | 23 | 0.2 | D | 23 | 0.4 | D | 0 | 0 | — | ||
24 | 尖毛拟立毛蚁 Paraparatrechina aseta | 3 | 0 | E | 3 | 0 | E | 0 | 0 | — | ||
25 | 黄足尼兰蚁 Nylanderia flavipes | 2 | 0 | E | 0 | 0 | — | 2 | 0 | D | ||
26 | 橘红悍蚁 Polyergus rufescens | 2 | 0 | E | 2 | 0 | E | 0 | 0 | — | ||
27 | 广布弓背蚁 Camponotus herculeanus | 1 | 0 | E | 1 | 0 | E | 0 | 0 | - | ||
合计Sum | — | 1 1767 | — | — | 6 244 | — | — | 5 523 | — | — |
Fig.1
Prediction of species diversity of all kinds of vegetation and vertical zones in middle Tianshan Mountain A. Habitat types hab1. Herb; hab2. Shrub; hab3.Picea forest; hab4. Deciduous broad-leaved forest; hab5. Polar forest; hab6. Populus euphratica forest. B. Vertical belts site1. South slope; site2. North slope;site3. Middle of Tianshan Mountain."
Table 3
Main indices of ant communities from middle Tianshan Mountain"
编号 No. | 植被类型 Vegetation types | 海拔 Altitude/m | α多样性指数α diversity indices | ||||
物种数目 Species numbers | 个体密度 Individual density/ m?2 | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index(H) | 均匀度指数 Pielou index(E) | 优势度指数 Simpson index(C) | |||
1 | 杨树林Poplar forest | 1 011 | 7 | 0.6 | 1.517 4 | 0.779 8 | 0.252 1 |
2 | 杨树林Poplar forest | 1 273 | 7 | 13.4 | 1.765 3 | 0.907 2 | 0.186 8 |
3 | 杨树林Poplar forest | 1 494 | 6 | 20.2 | 1.262 8 | 0.704 8 | 0.323 6 |
4 | 云杉林Picea forest | 1 792 | 10 | 6 | 1.676 4 | 0.728 1 | 0.215 4 |
5 | 草丛Herb | 2 005 | 7 | 9 | 1.751 1 | 0.899 9 | 0.187 9 |
6 | 草丛Herb | 2 294 | 4 | 114 | 0.274 4 | 0.197 9 | 0.869 1 |
7 | 灌丛Shrub | 2 564 | 4 | 68 | 0.706 6 | 0.509 7 | 0.499 8 |
8 | 草丛Herb | 2 796 | 5 | 37.6 | 0.874 1 | 0.543 1 | 0.520 5 |
9 | 草丛Herb | 3 007 | 1 | 11.2 | 0 | - | 1.0000 |
10 | 草丛Herb | 3 269 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
11 | 草丛Herb | 3 546 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
12 | 流石滩Screes | 3 763 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
13 | 流石滩Screes | 3 957 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
— | 北坡North slope | - | 20 | — | 1.959 2 | 0.654 0 | 0.222 0 |
— | 平均值Average | 2 521 | 5.7 | 33.6 | 1.228 5 | 0.658 8 | 0.450 6 |
14 | 流石滩Screes | 3 784 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
15 | 草丛Herb | 3 517 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
16 | 草丛Herb | 3 257 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
17 | 草丛Herb | 3 008 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
18 | 草丛Herb | 2 750 | 1 | 6 | 0 | - | 1.0000 |
19 | 草丛Herb | 2 499 | 2 | 52 | 0.280 1 | 0.404 1 | 0.851 9 |
20 | 草丛Herb | 2 227 | 5 | 85.2 | 0.846 8 | 0.526 1 | 0.495 8 |
21 | 草丛Herb | 2 015 | 3 | 72..8 | 0.372 4 | 0.339 0 | 0.791 4 |
22 | 灌丛Shrub | 1 724 | 5 | 42 | 0.973 1 | 0.604 6 | 0.470 7 |
23 | 灌丛Shrub | 1 501 | 7 | 7.2 | 1.384 5 | 0.711 5 | 0.340 8 |
24 | 落叶阔叶林Deciduous broad-leaf forest | 1 254 | 6 | 61.2 | 1.180 3 | 0.658 7 | 0.407 6 |
25 | 胡杨林Populus euphratica forest | 977 | 4 | 54.8 | 0.710 7 | 0.512 7 | 0.636 3 |
— | 南坡South slope | - | 13 | — | 1.480 0 | 0.577 0 | 0.339 2 |
— | 平均值Average | 2 376 | 4.1 | 43.8 | 0.718 5 | 0.536 7 | 0.624 3 |
— | 天山中部Middle of Tianshan Mountain | — | 27 | — | 2.226 7 | 0.675 6 | 0.161 4 |
— | 平均值Average | 2 451 | 4.9 | 40.8 | 1.038 4 | 0.601 8 | 0.470 0 |
Table 4
Similarity coefficients (q) between ant communities from different vegetation types of middle Tianshan Mountain"
植被类型 Vegetation types | 草丛 Herb | 灌丛 Shrub | 云杉林 Picea forest | 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaf forest | 杨树林 Polar forest | 南坡 South slope |
灌丛Shrub | 0.315 8 | |||||
云杉林Picea forest | 0.263 2 | 0.235 3 | ||||
落叶阔叶林Deciduous broad-leaf forest | 0.176 5 | 0.416 7 | 0 | |||
杨树林Polar forest | 0.263 2 | 0.166 7 | 0.176 5 | 0.333 3 | ||
胡杨林Populus euphratica forest | 0.125 0 | 0.153 8 | 0 | 0.250 0 | 0.166 7 | |
北坡North slope | 0.222 2 |
Table 5
Similarity coefficients (q) between ant communities from different sample-plots on the north slope of middle Tianshan Mountain"
海拔 Altitude | 3 007 m | 2 796 m | 2 564 m | 2 294 m | 2 005 m | 1 792 m | 1 494 m | 1 273 m |
2 796 m | 0.200 0 | |||||||
2 564 m | 0.250 0 | 0.800 0 | ||||||
2 294 m | 0.250 0 | 0.500 0 | 0.600 0 | |||||
2 005 m | 0.166 7 | 0.200 0 | 0.222 2 | 0.222 2 | ||||
1 792 m | 0.100 0 | 0.363 6 | 0.400 0 | 0.272 7 | 0.214 3 | |||
1 494 m | 0 | 0.100 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.181 8 | 0.142 9 | ||
1 273 m | 0 | 0.090 9 | 0 | 0 | 0.272 7 | 0.214 3 | 0.444 4 | |
1 011 m | 0 | 0.090 9 | 0 | 0 | 0.166 7 | 0.062 5 | 0.625 0 | 0.400 0 |
平均值 Average | 0.209 8 |
Table 6
Similarity coefficients (q) between ant communities from different sample-plots on the south slope of middle Tianshan Mountain"
海拔 Altitude | 2 750 m | 2 499 m | 2 227 m | 2 015 m | 1 724 m | 1 501 m | 1 254 m |
2 499 m | 0.500 0 | ||||||
2 227 m | 0.200 0 | 0.400 0 | |||||
2 015 m | 0.333 3 | 0.250 0 | 0.333 3 | ||||
1 724 m | 0 | 0 | 0.111 1 | 0.142 9 | |||
1 501 m | 0 | 0 | 0.090 9 | 0.111 1 | 0.714 3 | ||
1 254 m | 0.166 7 | 0.142 9 | 0.222 2 | 0.285 7 | 0.571 4 | 0.625 0 | |
977 m | 0.250 0 | 0.200 0 | 0.125 0 | 0.166 7 | 0.285 7 | 0.222 2 | 0.250 0 |
平均值 Average | 0.239 3 |
Table 7
Correlation analysis between ant diversity and habitat factors"
生境因素 Habitat factors | α多样性指数 α diversity indices | ||||
物种数目 Species numbers | 个体密度 Individual density | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index(H) | 均匀度指数 Pielou index(C) | 优势度指数 Simpson index(E) | |
海拔 Altitude | ?0.618** | 0.129 | ?0.666** | ?0.427 | 0.364 |
坡度 Slope | ?0.010 | 0.147 | ?0.172 | ?0.419 | 0.353 |
乔木郁闭度 Canopy density | 0.579* | ?0.376 | 0.608** | 0.418 | ?0.434 |
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage | 0.336 | ?0.083 | 0.313 | 0.163 | ?0.175 |
草木盖度 Herb coverage | ?0.182 | 0.009 | ?0.154 | ?0.062 | 0.011 |
地被物盖度 Litter coverage | ?0.114 | ?0.057 | ?0.063 | 0.008 | ?0.056 |
地被物厚度 Litter thickness | 0.388 | ?0.159 | 0.312 | 0.044 | ?0.157 |
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