敦煌及马鬃山地区植物生活型及其海拔梯度特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220304

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this paper, the vegetation flora, plant life forms and their responses to altitude gradients were investigated in Dunhuang and Mazongshan, to clarify the life-form characteristics of plant communities and their reflections on climatic habitats. The main purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the protection of regional plant diversity and vertical pattern research. Method: On the basis of plant community investigation, the life forms of vascular plants in Dunhuang and Mazongshan were counted by using Raunkiaer life form classification system, and then the life form spectrum was prepared. The life form composition of plants at different altitude gradients was analyzed. Result: 1) A total of 217 species of plants were recorded in this study area, belonging to 34 families and 122 genera, accounting for 41.46% of the total families in arid areas of China and 10.09 % of the total families in China. Among them, there were 3 species of gymnosperm belonging to 1 family and 1 genus, 175 species of dicotyledon belonging to 96 genera and 28 families, and 38 species of monocotyledon belonging to 25 genus and 5 families. 2) The life forms of plants were mainly Chamaephytes in the study area, accounting for 33.18%. Suffruticose-chamaephytes had the greatest number among the four subgroups of Chamaephytes in the areas of Dunhuang and Mazongshan. The lifestyle sequence was: Chamaephytes > Hemicryptophytes > Therophytes > Cryptophytes > Phanerophytes. 3) The Chamaephytes species occupied an important position in all altitude gradients, accounting for 59.15% of all life form species in the study area. With the increase of altitude, the Chamaephytes first increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 1 700 m altitude. The Hemicryptophytes species also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in altitude. The Phanerophytes and Cryptophytes species accounted for a small proportion. The therophytes accounted for less than 10.00% of the entire elevation gradients, and had little fluctuation with the increase of altitude. Conclusion: The regional vegetation is dominated by shrub or semi-shrub vegetation in the areas of Dunhuang and Mazongshan, which is mainly distributed at 1 000~3 000 m altitude. The community life forms are dominated by Chamaephytes and Hemicryptophytes, and show a single peak distribution pattern of first rising and then falling with the altitude gradient.

Key words: Dunhuang, Mazongshan, vegetation flora composition, plant community, plant life form, altitudinal gradient

CLC Number:

S718.5
Q948

Fengmin Luo,Zhiming Xin,Junliang Gao,Yonghua Li,Xue Dong,Ruibing Duan,Xinle Li. Characteristics of Plant Life-Form Spectrum and Elevation Gradients in the Areas of Dunhuang and Mazongshan[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(3): 31-39.

Figures/Tables 7

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门 Divisio	纲 Classis	科 Familia	属数 Genus number	占总属数比例 Proportion of total genus(%)	种数 Species number	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species(%)
裸子植物 Gymnosperm		麻黄科Ephedraceae	1	0.82	3	1.38
被子植物 Angiosperm	双子叶植物 Dicotyledon	菊科Compsitae	27	22.13	41	18.89
		藜科Chenopodiaceae	18	14.75	36	16.59
		豆科Leguminosae	8	6.56	16	7.37
		蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae	6	4.92	18	8.29
		十字花科Cruciferae	4	3.28	5	2.30
		蓼科Polygonaceae	3	2.46	8	3.69
		紫草科Boraginaceae	3	2.46	4	1.84
		柽柳科Tamaricaceae	2	1.64	11	5.07
		夹竹桃科Apocynaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		杨柳科Salicaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		旋花科Convolvulaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		玄参科Scrophulariaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		毛茛科Ranunculaceae	2	1.64	5	2.30
		蔷薇科Rosaceae	1	0.82	3	1.38
		白花丹科Plumbaginaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		列当科Orobanchaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		车前科Plantaginaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		锦葵科Malvaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		茄科Solanaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		萝藦科Asclepiadaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		山柑科Capparaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		马鞭草科Verbenaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		景天科Crassulaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		报春花科Primulaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		榆科Ulmaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		石竹科Caryophyllaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		锁阳科Cynomoriaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		唇形科Lamiaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
	单子叶植物 Monocotyledon	禾本科Gramineae	19	15.57	26	11.98
		百合科Liliaceae	2	1.64	6	2.76
		莎草科Cyperaceae	2	1.64	3	1.38
		鸢尾科Iridaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		眼子菜科Potamogetonaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46

属名Genus name	种数Species number
蒿属Artemisia	11
柽柳属Tamarix	10
驼蹄瓣属Zygophyllum	6
白刺属Nitraria	5
猪毛菜属Salsola	5

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Characteristics of Plant Life-Form Spectrum and Elevation Gradients in the Areas of Dunhuang and Mazongshan

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海拔 Altitudes /m	高位芽植物 Phanerophytes	地上芽植物Chamaephytes					地面芽植物 H	地下芽植物 Cr	一年生植物 Th	合计 Total
海拔 Altitudes /m	高位芽植物 Phanerophytes	半灌木地上芽 Suffruticosechamaephytes	被动地上芽 Passivechamaephytes	主动地上芽 Activechamaephytes	垫状植物 Cushionchamaephytes	合计 Total	地面芽植物 H	地下芽植物 Cr	一年生植物 Th	合计 Total
800	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1
900	0	2	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	3
1 000	0	11	0	2	0	13	1	1	0	15
1 100	0	6	0	1	0	7	0	0	1	8
1 200	0	8	0	1	1	10	3	2	0	15
1 300	0	2	0	1	1	4	0	1	2	7
1 400	1	9		2	1	12	2	3	3	21
1 500	0	11	1	1	1	14	1	1	4	20
1 600	0	10	1	3	2	16	1	0	4	21
1 700	0	19	1	2	3	25	6	2	4	37
1 800	0	17	1	2	2	22	7	2	4	35
1 900	0	10	1	4	2	17	9	2	1	29
2 000	0	14	1	3	2	20	16	3	5	44
2 100	0	14	1	2	2	19	8	1	1	29
2 200	0	7	0	2	3	12	6	1	5	24
2 300	0	6	1	1	1	9	3	1	3	16
2 400	0	6	0	1	2	9	5	3	0	17
2 500	0	3	0	1	0	4	1	0	0	5
2 600	0	4	0	2	0	6	10	2	3	21
2 700	0	1	0	0	2	3	1	2	0	6
2 800	0	1	0	1	2	4	3	2	1	10
3 000	0	2	0	1	1	4	1	1	1	7
3 200	0	3	0	0	0	3	4	1	0	8