文冠果自由授粉子代父本鉴定及遗传多样性分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250553

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, SSR markers were used to identify the paternal origin of the open-pollinated progeny population of 5 high-yielding Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) varieties, and to explore suitable pollinator trees or pollinator varieties that can enhance the yield of specific yellowhorn varieties, thereby providing references for yellowhorn variety selection and high-yield cultivation. Method: A total of 395 progeny plants derived from the free pollination of 5 high-yielding yellowhorn varieties and 288 candidate male parents were used as materials. Based on the SSR markers developed by the team in the previous stage, a total of 17 SSR markers were screened out. Paternity identification was conducted through Cervus software, and genetic diversity analysis was carried out on the offspring population. Result: At a 95% confidence level, the paternal parent of 121 offspring was successfully identified. Both ‘Qiaoranboke’ and ‘Zhongshi No.4’ provided pollen for the mother trees. The paternal parent ‘Qiaoranboke’ and maternal parent ‘Zhongshi No.4’ had the most offspring, totaling 6 offspring. Among the 68 seedling-originated yellowhorn plants, 3 paternal origins produced the most offspring, totaling 15 offspring. The four yellowhorn trees with the numbers 12-150, 12-193, 6-144, and 6-107 had a high overall reproductive contribution rate and some of their pollen travelled a relatively long distance. The reproductive contribution rates of the yellowhorn with the numbers 12-141 and 6-161 to the maternal parent ‘Zhongshi No.9’ were 4.13% and 3.31%, respectively, and the reproductive contribution rate of the yellowhorn with the number 6-107 to the maternal parent ‘Qiaoranboke’ was 2.48%. Through paternal analysis, no self-pollinated offspring was detected, indicating that self-pollination in yellowhorn is extremely weak. The effective pollen dispersal distance of yellowhorn was 6?154.1 m, with an average distance of 54.67 m. Proximal pollen (<60 m) accounted for 62.28% of the total pollen sources. The average number of alleles, average effective number of alleles, average Shannon’s information index (I), average observed heterozygosity, and average expected heterozygosity were 8.706, 3.152, 1.308, 0.619, and 0.644, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.369 to 0.834, with an average of 0.588. Both population genetic structure and clustering analysis results indicated that the 395 yellowhorn germplasm samples were able to be divided into two major groups. Conclusion: The pollen sources of yellowhorn are relatively dispersed, and distance significantly affects the pollination rate of yellowhorn. The ‘Qiaoranboke’ cultivar is suitable as a pollinator for the ‘Zhongshi No.4’ cultivar. The yellowhorn trees numbered 12-150 and 12-193 are suitable as pollinators for the ‘Zhongshi No.1’ cultivar. The yellowhorn trees numbered 6-144, 9-200, and 6-107 are suitable as pollinators for ‘Zhongshi No.4’, ‘Zhongshi No.4’, and ‘Qiaoranboke’, respectively. The ‘Zhongshi No.4’ half-sib family exhibits the highest genetic diversity, while the ‘Yuandashuozhong’ half-sib family shows the lowest genetic diversity.

Key words: Xanthoceras sorbifolia, paternal analysis, SSR molecular markers, genetic diversity

CLC Number:

S794.9

Hui Yang,Haiyan Zhao,Lan Lou,Lingfeng Zhang,Zimiao Zhang,Xiaoming Jia,Quanxin Bi,Libing Wang. Paternal Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Open-Pollinated Progeny of Xanthoceras sorbifolium[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(4): 142-153.

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引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5'–3'） Primer sequence		重复单元 Repeat motif	片段大小 Fragment size/bp	标记荧光 Fluorescent	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃
QXH049	F:	CCCCAACAAATGGTAAGACG	CT	196	FAM	55
	R:	GAATTTACAAGACAAGCAACAGC
QXH083	F:	AGCGGTCTCCTCCACTATCA	CT	331	HEX	56
	R:	GAATTGAAGCGCAGAAGGA
QXH177	F:	TGTGGTGGTTTTGGCAGAC	AG	208	FAM	55
	R:	CACCAAATAATGTCAATATCCTGT
QXH262	F:	TCTAACCGAAGAAGCCAACT	CT	250	HEX	55
	R:	AGCGTGATATTCTGTTTCAACTAC
QXH281	F:	CACCGTAGTATCAACGCACAA	AG	219	FAM	58
	R:	ATTTCCACTATTTCCCTCACATT
QXH282	F:	CCCAACAAATGGTAAGACGT	CT	240	HEX	55
	R:	GTTTCATTTCATTTCCAGCATC
QXH323	F:	CACAACCCAAATCCCAGAAC	AG	346	HEX	55
	R:	AACGACACGCACAATCATAAC
QXR343	F:	CACACTTTCTGAGTCCCGTAT	TG	318	FAM	58
	R:	TGTTTCTCCTCTAATCCAAC
QXH365	F:	GTATATCTCTTTTACTCGTGAC	AC	154	FAM	52
	R:	ATGATGGGTTGGGTTGAGTT
QXH429	F:	TGCGACAGCAACAGCATAA	AC	146	FAM	54
	R:	TAAGGCAGCCAAAACATCAG
QXH643	F:	GCAGTTATGGAAAGGAATCA	CA，CT	268	HEX	56
	R:	ATCAGTGTCGATTATTATCT
QXHS371	F:	ATTGGAGTGGCCTTCATACG	GT	241	FAM	54
	R:	GCAAGCAGCTAAAGAAACAGC
QBLB1	F:	CACTCCTTGACCGTGTTCTT	GA	252	FAM	54
	R:	ATTGGATGACTTTGGTTTCG
QBLB4	F:	ACCCCAAACCACTATCCAA	AG	113	FAM	59
	R:	CCCTCCCTTTTCCTTTTACT
QBLB65	F:	TATCTCGCCACATCTGCC	TC	355	HEX	53
	R:	CTGAAATGCCATTAACAAACAC
QBLB72	F:	CCGAACTCGTCAATGTCAAC	AT, AG	352	HEX	52
	R:	CTCTGCCTCCATCGTCATC
QBRB203	F:	ACAAGTAGTGCTCATCGGTTTA	AT	371	HEX	56
	R:	GAGTCTAATAGGTAAGGCTAGGAAC

父本编号 Paternal parent number	交配母本品种及其子代数 Mating female variety and number of sibs	总子代数 Total number of sibs	繁殖贡献率 Reproductive contribution rate (%)
悄然薄壳Qiaoranboke	中石4号（6）、中石9号（1）Zhongshi No.4（6）, Zhongshi No.9（1）	7	5.79
中石4号Zhongshi No.4	中石1号（1）Zhongshi No.1（1）	1	0.83
6-161	中石9号（4）、悄然薄壳（1）Zhongshi No.9（4）, Qiaoranboke（1）	5	4.13
12-141	中石9号（5）Zhongshi No.9（5）	5	4.13
12-150	中石4号（2）、中石9号（2）、中石1号（1） Zhongshi No.4（2）, Zhongshi No.9（2）, Zhongshi No.1（1）	5	4.13
6-136	中石4号（2）、圆大硕种（2）Zhongshi No.4（2）, Yuandashuozhong（2）	4	3.31
12-128	中石9号（2）、圆大硕种（2）Zhongshi No.9（2）, Yuandashuozhong（2）	4	3.31
12-193	中石1号（2）、中石4号（1）、中石9号（1） Zhongshi No.1（2）, Zhongshi No.4（1）, Zhongshi No.9（1）	4	3.31
6-107	悄然薄壳（3）Qiaoranboke（3）	3	2.48
6-144	中石9号（2）、中石4号（1）Zhongshi No.9（2）, Zhongshi No.4（1）	3	2.48
6-150	中石1号（2）、圆大硕种（1）Zhongshi No.1（2）, Yuandashuozhong（1）	3	2.48
12-142	中石4号（2）、中石9号（1）Zhongshi No.4（2）, Zhongshi No.9（1）	3	2.48
其他（16）Others（16）		2×16	1.65×16
其他（42）Others（42）		1×42	0.83×42
合计Total		121	100

交配母本品种 Mating female variety	父本编号及其子代数 Paternal parent number and number of sibs	总子代数 Total number of sibs	繁殖贡献率 Reproductive contribution rate (%)
中石1号 Zhongshi No.1	中石4号（1）Zhongshi No.4（1）	1	0.83
	12-193（2）, 6-135（2）, 6-150（2）	2×3	1.65×3
	其他（1）Others（1）	1×12	0.83×12
中石4号 Zhongshi No.4	悄然薄壳（6）Qiaoranboke（6）	6	4.96
	6-136（2）, 12-142（2）, 12-150（2）	2×3	1.65×3
	其他（1）Others（1）	1×14	0.83×14
中石9号 Zhongshi No.9	悄然薄壳（1）Qiaoranboke（1）	1	0.83
	12-141（5）	5	4.13
	6-161（4）	4	3.31
	9-200（2）, 11-161（2）, 12-150（2）, 12-128（2）, 6-144（2）	2×5	1.65×5
	其他（1）Others（1）	1×19	0.83×19
圆大硕种 Yuandashuozhong	6-194（2）, 6-100（2）, 6-136（2）, 12-128（2）	2×4	1.65×4
圆大硕种 Yuandashuozhong	其他（1）Others（1）	1×13	0.83×13
悄然薄壳 Qiaoranboke	6-107（3）	3	2.48
	5-157（2）	2	1.65
	其他（1）Others（1）	1×11	0.83×11
合计Total		121	100

位点 Locus	个体数 Number of individuals	等位基因数 Number of alleles (N_a)	有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles (N_e)	Shannon’s 信息指数 Shannon’s information index (I)	观测杂合度 Observed heterozygosity (H_o)	期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity (H_e)	固定指数 Fixation index (F)	多态信息含量 Polymorphic information content (PIC)
QXH049	394	5	3.987	1.469	0.789	0.749	–0.054	0.708
QXH643	393	14	2.623	1.438	0.740	0.619	–0.197	0.591
QXH177	393	9	3.180	1.332	0.700	0.686	–0.021	0.628
QBLB72	395	17	5.328	1.963	0.833	0.812	–0.02	0.788
QBLB1	393	7	1.926	0.917	0.272	0.481	0.434	0.434
QXH282	394	5	3.957	1.464	0.787	0.747	–0.053	0.705
QBLB4	391	7	2.591	1.100	0.437	0.614	0.288	0.549
QBRB203	395	5	2.860	1.172	0.689	0.650	–0.059	0.584
QXHS371	393	4	2.069	0.803	0.583	0.517	–0.128	0.407
QXH323	395	18	6.603	2.240	0.848	0.849	0.001	0.834
QBLB65	395	11	3.460	1.598	0.762	0.711	–0.072	0.673
QXH429	394	3	1.873	0.705	0.439	0.466	0.058	0.369
QXH262	395	13	2.765	1.405	0.671	0.638	–0.051	0.599
QXH365	390	5	2.728	1.156	0.518	0.633	0.182	0.567
QXH281	394	3	2.126	0.811	0.652	0.530	–0.232	0.419
QXH083	391	16	3.338	1.681	0.708	0.700	–0.011	0.673
QXR343	393	6	2.166	0.978	0.094	0.538	0.825	0.463
平均值 Average		8.706	3.152	1.308	0.619	0.644	0.052	0.588

群体 Group	等位基因数 Number of alleles (N_a)	有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles (N_e)	Shannon’s 信息指数 Shannon’s information index (I)	观测杂合度 Observed heterozygosity (I)	期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity (H_e)	固定指数 Fixation index (F)
中石1号家系 ‘Zhongshi No.1’ family	6.353	2.881	1.200	0.632	0.607	–0.029
中石4号家系 ‘Zhongshi No.4’ family	6.706	2.864	1.211	0.584	0.612	0.058
中石9号家系 ‘Zhongshi No.9’ family	7.882	2.713	1.206	0.630	0.598	–0.044
圆大硕种家系 ‘Yuandashuozhong’ family	5.882	2.621	1.136	0.600	0.582	–0.005
悄然薄壳家系 ‘Qiaoranboke’ family	6.706	2.659	1.166	0.644	0.581	–0.112
平均值 Average	6.706	2.747	1.184	0.618	0.596	–0.026

Paternal Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Open-Pollinated Progeny of Xanthoceras sorbifolium

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