北亚热带日本落叶松不同改良水平群体的遗传多样性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210507

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In order to provide a basis for advanced-cycle genetic improvement and sustainable utilization of Larix kaempferi, genetic diversity and its variation trend of the introduced provenance population(IP), the first cycle breeding population(FP) and the second cycle breeding population(SP) of L. kaempferi in northern subtropical subalpine region were compared and evaluated using EST-SSR markers. Method: 16 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 873 individuals from three populations of L. kaempferi. Estimation of genetic diversity parameters, analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) and principal coordinate analysis(PCoA) were carried out using GenAlex 6.41. Result: A total of 106 alleles were detected at 16 pairs of primers in all the samples with an average of 6.7 alleles. The polymorphism of different loci was significantly different, among which 14 loci were moderately to highly polymorphic, indicating that these markers could well reflect the genetic diversity level of the population. The average effective allele number (N_e), Shannon diversity index (I) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the three populations were 2.543, 0.979, and 0.480, respectively, indicating that all of the three populations had high level of genetic diversity. The diversity index I of IP, FP and SP were 0.911, 1.017 and 1.009, and the PIC were 0.432, 0.484 and 0.488, respectively. These indicated that the genetic diversity parameters of FP and SP were slightly higher than those of IP and there was no significant difference among the three groups. In general, the genetic distances among three populations were small, ranging from 0.006 to 0.075. The genetic distance between IP and FP was higher than that between IP and SP, while the genetic distance between FP and SP was the least. AMOVA analysis also showed that the differentiation among the three populations was small, and the variation mainly came from within the populations. Allele frequency comparison and PCoA analysis showed that the genetic basis of IP was obviously different from that of the other two populations. The genetic diversity level of SP could be effectively improved by introducing a small number of genotype with large differences from SP in IP. Conclusion: The genetic diversity of L. kaempferi breeding populations in northern subtropical region were high and the level of genetic diversity of improved population did not decrease compared with the introduced introduced provenance population. It was suggested that current breeding strategies in the region were appropriate for maintaining genetic diversity. The differences of origins among the three populations, pollen contamination in breeding process and high intensity of directional selection were the main causes for the differences in genetic composition and genetic diversity between the introduced provenance population and the first and the second cycle breeding populations. Replenishing the original resources into the breeding population in time is particularly important for the construction of advanced-cycle breeding populations of exotic species like L. kaempferi.

Key words: northern subtropical region, Larix kaempferi, breeding population, SSR markers, genetic diversity

CLC Number:

S718.46

Chaoqun Du,Xiaomei Sun,Yunhui Xie,Yimei Hou. Genetic Diversity of Larix kaempferi Populations with Different Levels of Improvement in Northern Subtropical Region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 68-76.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Polymorphism analysis of 16 pairs of primers in three populations"

位点 Locus	群体 Populations	等位基因数N_a	有效等位基因数N_e	Shannon’s多样性指数I	多态性信息含量指数PIC	观察杂合度H_o
Y27	IP	5	2.466	1.052	0.533	0.508
	FP	6	2.342	1.011	0.505	0.586
	SP	5	2.756	1.091	0.564	0.618
QL397	IP	9	5.306	1.853	0.787	0.657
	FP	12	6.123	2.052	0.818	1.000
	SP	11	4.334	1.752	0.737	0.986
QL386	IP	15	5.430	2.019	0.797	0.819
	FP	12	5.325	1.972	0.792	0.841
	SP	11	5.536	1.969	0.800	0.877
QL375	IP	3	1.212	0.375	0.167	0.120
	FP	3	1.785	0.752	0.383	0.448
	SP	3	1.879	0.795	0.407	0.533
QL322	IP	5	1.971	0.730	0.380	0.440
	FP	2	1.852	0.653	0.354	0.510
	SP	2	1.874	0.659	0.358	0.516
OH299	IP	8	2.497	1.200	0.554	0.571
	FP	6	3.036	1.332	0.628	0.683
	SP	6	3.699	1.425	0.684	0.839
HL391	IP	4	1.180	0.317	0.143	0.149
	FP	4	1.198	0.348	0.156	0.179
	SP	2	1.158	0.263	0.127	0.147
HL215	IP	3	1.883	0.669	0.360	0.503
	FP	3	1.952	0.730	0.381	0.586
	SP	5	2.005	0.798	0.401	0.554
H339	IP	4	1.288	0.400	0.200	0.210
	FP	3	1.237	0.355	0.175	0.172
	SP	3	1.267	0.375	0.189	0.204
H233	IP	3	2.347	0.966	0.509	0.506
	FP	5	2.428	1.046	0.528	0.621
	SP	4	2.685	1.074	0.559	0.835
H217	IP	5	2.525	1.037	0.534	0.522
	FP	4	2.834	1.085	0.574	0.660
	SP	4	2.861	1.089	0.577	0.688
H197	IP	2	1.406	0.464	0.247	0.318
	FP	2	1.657	0.586	0.318	0.310
	SP	2	1.566	0.547	0.296	0.360
H177	IP	2	2.000	0.693	0.375	0.532
	FP	3	1.951	0.746	0.387	0.455
	SP	3	2.000	0.729	0.384	0.484
H46	IP	4	2.731	1.080	0.562	0.636
	FP	4	2.753	1.084	0.562	0.621
	SP	5	2.667	1.063	0.548	0.653
H52	IP	5	1.277	0.482	0.208	0.217
	FP	5	3.012	1.225	0.608	1.000
	SP	5	2.978	1.172	0.598	0.996
H140	IP	10	2.475	1.248	0.557	0.601
	FP	8	2.791	1.292	0.596	0.653
	SP	10	2.552	1.337	0.577	0.593
均值(标准误) Mean(SE)	IP	5.438 (0.866)	2.375 (0.321)	0.911 (0.126)	0.432	0.457 (0.050)
	FP	5.125 (0.779)	2.642 (0.336)	1.017 (0.123)	0.485	0.583 (0.061)
	SP	5.063 (0.761)	2.614 (0.287)	1.009 (0.117)	0.488	0.618 (0.063)
总体(标准误) Total(SE)		5.208 (0.454)	2.543 (0.179)	0.979 (0.069)	0.480	0.552 (0.034)

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.1

Fig.2

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群体 Populations	材料来源 Source	保存方式 Ways to save	取样株数 Sampled tree number
引种种源群体Introduced provenance population(IP)	6个日本天然分布区84个天然林分 84 natural stands originated from six natural ranges in Japan	引种种源试验林 Introduced provenance test forest	443
一代优树育种群体First cycle breeding population(FP)	辽宁、山东、内蒙古及湖北优树Elite trees in Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Hubei	一代种子园First generation seed orchard	145
二代优树育种群体Second cycle breeding population(SP)	湖北1988—1999年营造的子代测定林、引进日本各育种场和种子园的家系种子营建的试验林 Progeny test forests constructed from 1988 to 1999 in Hubei province, pedigree test forest introduced from breeding farms and seed orchards of Japan	二代育种园Second generation breeding garden	285

位点 Locus	等位基因 Allele	IP	FP	SP	位点 Locus	等位基因 Allele	IP	FP	SP
Y27	A	0.013	0.003	0.000	H52	A	0.000	0.014	0.005
	B	0.178	0.007	0.002		B	0.027	0.238	0.247
	C	0.247	0.124	0.184		C	0.020	0.259	0.296
	D	0.559	0.290	0.354		D	0.881	0.455	0.432
	E	0.003	0.572	0.451		E	0.070	0.034	0.019
	F	0.000	0.003	0.009		F	0.001	0.000	0.000
QL397	A	0.040	0.000	0.000	QL386	A	0.009	0.000	0.000
	B	0.000	0.007	0.000		B	0.130	0.000	0.000
	C	0.076	0.072	0.058		C	0.011	0.007	0.005
	D	0.037	0.007	0.000		D	0.342	0.107	0.114
	E	0.008	0.055	0.025		E	0.001	0.000	0.000
	F	0.039	0.072	0.056		F	0.061	0.000	0.000
	G	0.128	0.038	0.025		G	0.001	0.000	0.000
	H	0.285	0.183	0.135		H	0.179	0.341	0.329
	I	0.246	0.000	0.002		I	0.068	0.055	0.083
	J	0.142	0.276	0.340		J	0.042	0.200	0.192
	K	0.000	0.186	0.295		K	0.028	0.034	0.051
	L	0.000	0.038	0.042		L	0.056	0.045	0.053
	M	0.000	0.048	0.014		M	0.000	0.059	0.042
	N	0.000	0.017	0.009		N	0.059	0.066	0.063
QL375	A	0.036	0.062	0.074		O	0.010	0.076	0.065
	B	0.058	0.228	0.242		P	0.001	0.000	0.000
	C	0.906	0.710	0.684		Q	0.000	0.007	0.002
						R	0.000	0.003	0.000

来源 Source	自由度df	平方和 Sum of squares	方差分量 Variance component	方差分量比例 Percentage of variance
群体间Among populations	2	518.204	0.945	10%
群体内Within population	870	7 096.001	8.156	90%
总体Total	872	7 614.205	9.101	100%

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Genetic Diversity of Larix kaempferi Populations with Different Levels of Improvement in Northern Subtropical Region

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群体Populations	IP	FP	SP
IP	—	0.929	0.928
FP	0.073	—	0.994
SP	0.075	0.006	—