北京山区大果榆树干液流的季节与昼夜环境调控

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220868

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study was carried out to explore the responses of the sap flow and transpiration to the environmental factors at different time scales, and the result here could provide scientific support for formulating appropriate management for forest ecosystem and improve the accuracy of assessment of water conservation function of forest ecosystem. Method: The thermal diffusion method was used to continuously monitor the sap flow of Ulmus macrocarpa in Songshan, Beijing during the growing season in 2019 and 2020, and the relevant environmental variables were observed simultaneously. Linear and non-linear regressions were used to analyze abiotic control on sap flow. Result: The cumulative transpiration was 333.85 mm and 252.27 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively, with daily means of 1.82 mm and 1.37 mm in the two years, respectively. Seasonally, the J_s was controlled by shortwave radiation (R_s), air temperature (T_a), water vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The relationships between J_s and R_s, T_a and VPD were significantly and positively linear, with the coefficient of determination R² being 0.93, 0.88 and 0.89, respectively, and with a VPD threshold of 0.9 kPa in growing season. The relationship of J_s and R_s was stronger (higher R²) than that with both T_a and VPD in the same month. The daily variation in J_s lagged that of R_s, but preceded that of T_a and VPD. The relationships between g_s and R_s, T_a, and VPD were non-linear correlation, being different from the responses of J_s to environmental factors. Conclusion: There are differences between seasonal and diurnal scale in environmental control mechanism of sap flow, the changes of environmental factors affect the sap flow of plant mainly through inducing stomatal changes. The time lag between J_s and environmental factors is explained by the difference in response of canopy stomatal conductance (g_s) and J_s to environmental factors. The time lag and sensitivity of sap flow to environmental factors can reflect drought tolerance and environmental adaptability. These results would help estimation of transpiration under similar environmental conditions and improvment of hydrological model for assessment of water conservation function of forest ecosystem.

Key words: sap flow, environmental factors, radiation, canopy stomatal conductance, time lag

CLC Number:

S718.43

Kai Zhang,Yanli Sun,Jichao Wei,Yaqian Fan,Xiaoxue Han,Lin Li,Xiaoshuai Wei,Xinhao Li,Peng Liu,Tianshan Zha. Control of Environmental Factors on the Sap Flow at Daily and Seasonal Scales in Ulmus macrocarpa in Beijing, China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(7): 24-34.

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编号 No.	树高 Height/ m	胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm	木质部直径 Diameter of xylem/ cm	心材直径 Diameter of heartwood/ cm	边材面积 Sapwood area/ cm²
1	5.5	9.75	8.75	4	56.13
2	4.3	10.75	8.75	3	57.88
3	5.1	11.65	6.65	4	30.73
4	4.1	9.35	6.35	2	30.67
5	6.7	13,2	10.2	5	75.46
6	7.8	18.85	14.85	5	166.95

变量 Variable	年份 Year	平均值 Mean	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Max.	标准差 Standard deviation
液流速率 Sap flow J_s /(g·cm^?2d^?1)	2019 2020	137.08 99.02	0.13 0.46	299.59 259.33	80.75 70.27
土壤含水量 Volumetric soil water content VWC /(m³·m^?3)	2019 2020	0.22 0.25	0.14 0.14	0.30 0.31	0.04 0.04
短波辐射 Shortwave radiation R_s/ (W·m^?2)	2019 2020	198.84 180.71	26.88 17.33	329.13 327.36	73.56 72.90
空气温度 Air temperature T_a / ℃	2019 2020	15.76 14.81	?0.048 1.64	25.15 22.25	4.99 5.10
饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit VPD/ kPa	2019 2020	0.88 0.63	0.03 0.01	2.15 1.97	0.40 0.37

月份Month	J_s?VWC Y = a × X + b	J_s?R_s Y = a × X + b	J_s?T_a Y = a × X + b	J_s?VPD Y = a × X + b
5月May	a = ?56.57 b = 17.69 R² = 0.04 × n = 1433	a = 0.010 b = 1.05 R² = 0.52 × n = 1433	a = 0.61 b = ?5.00 R² = 0.40 × n = 1433	a = 4.64 b = ?1.65 R² = 0.33 × n = 1433
6月June	a = ?4.24 b = 4.22 R² = 0.0004 × n = 2622	a = 0.011 b = 0.75 R² = 0.80 × n = 2622	a = 0.77 b = ?10.54 R² = 0.53 × n = 2622	a = 3.83 b = ?0.27 R² = 0.38 × n = 2622
7月July	a = ?5.06 b = 4.21 R² = 0.003 × n = 2311	a = 0.012 b = 0.61 R² = 0.76 × n = 2311	a = 0.71 b = ?10.60 R² = 0.47 × n = 2311	a = 4.30 b = ?0.22 R² = 0.41 × n = 2311
8月August	a = ?35.11 b = 12.23 R² = 0.05 × n = 2670	a = 0.013 b = 0.51 R² = 0.71 × n = 2670	a = 0.52 b = ?6.31 R² = 0.20 × n = 2670	a = 4.03 b = ?0.08 R² = 0.23 × n = 2670
9月September	a = ?17.47 b = 6.68 R² = 0.03 × n = 2718	a = 0.013 b = 0.35 R² = 0.74 × n = 2718	a = 0.73 b = ?8.05 R² = 0.51 × n = 2718	a = 6.02 b = ?1.62 R² = 0.50 × n = 2718
10月October	a = ?7.68 b = 2.12 R² = 0.04 × n = 2930	a = 0.001 b = 0.16 R² = 0.06 × n = 2930	a = 0.10 b = ?0.38 R² = 0.20 × n = 2930	a = 0.85 b = ?0.27 R² = 0.07 × n = 2930

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Control of Environmental Factors on the Sap Flow at Daily and Seasonal Scales in Ulmus macrocarpa in Beijing, China

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