Fig.1

Daytime net ecosystem CO2 production (NEP) as a function of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for the non-growing season (a) and growing season (b) Half-hourly NEP was bin-averaged with a PAR increment of 50 μmol photons·m?2s?1. Bars indicate standard errors. Light response curves were fit with Eq. (1)"

Fig.2

Dynamics in daily means or sums of environmental variables a：Daily means of air temperature (Ta) and soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm (Ts). b： Daily sums of precipitation (P) and cumulative precipitation (Cum P). c：Daily means of soil water content at a depth of 10 cm (SWC). d：Daily means of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). e,：Daily means of vapor pressure deficit (VPD)."

Fig.3

Seasonal variations of ecosystem carbon fluxes a：Daily sums of net ecosystem production (NEP) and cumulative net ecosystem production (Cum NEP). b： Daily sums of gross ecosystem production (GEP) and cumulative gross ecosystem production (Cum GEP). c： Daily sums of ecosystem respiration (RE) and cumulative ecosystem respiration (Cum RE)."

Table 1

Cumulative ecosystem carbon fluxes"

Fig.4

Daily sums of net ecosystem production (NEP) as a function of both gross ecosystem production (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) under different soil water content conditions The growing season is defined as the period from April to October, and the peak growing season is defined as the period from June to August."

Fig.5

Half-hourly daytime net ecosystem production (NEP) as a function of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during the growing The growing season is defined as the period from April to October. Half-hourly NEP was bin-averaged into 50 μmol·m?2s?1 PAR increments. Bars indicate standard errors. Light response curves were fit with Eq. (1)."

Table 2

Monthly physiological parameters values during the growing season"

Fig.6

Half-hourly daytime net ecosystem production (NEP) as a function of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under different environmental conditions during the peak growing season The peak growing season is defined as the period from June to August. Half-hourly NEP was bin-averaged into 100 μmol·m?2s?1 PAR increments. Bars indicate standard errors. Light response curves were fit with Eq. (1)."

Table 3

Physiological parameters values under different environmental conditions during the peak growing season"

Fig.7

Reponses of half-hourly daytime net ecosystem production (NEP) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) to air temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water content (SWC) during the peak growing season The peak growing season is defined as the period from June to August. Half-hourly NEP and GEP was bin-averaged into 1 ℃ Ta (a, d), 2 hPa VPD (b, e), and 0.015 m3·m?3 SWC (c, f) intervals, respectively. Bars indicate standard error."

Table 4

Parameter values describing the response of half-hourly daytime net ecosystem production (NEP) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) to air temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water content (SWC) at the site during the peak growing season in 2021"

Fig.8

The relationships between half-hourly nighttime ecosystem respiration (RE) and soil temperature (Ts) during the peak growing season The peak growing season is defined as the period from June to August. Half-hourly RE was bin-averaged into 1 ℃ Ts intervals. Error bars indicate standard errors. Curves were fit with Eq. (2)."