南滚河自然保护区森林土壤酶活性对海拔升高的响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200403

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The response of soil enzyme activity to the variation of environmental factors along elevation gradient was studied in order to provide a theoretical and data basis for the interaction process and mechanism between hydrothermal conditions-vegetation-soil physicochemical properties at different elevations and enzyme activity in Nangunhe National Nature Reserve. Methods: Three typical vegetation types (i.e. ravine rainforest, semi-evergreen monsoon forest, and mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest) of different elevations were investigated to study the characteristics of forest soil enzyme activities in different soil layers and at different elevations. Redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo test were used to analyze the effect of change in environmental factors along elevation gradients to soil enzyme activities. Results: We found that different changes along elevation gradients in the microclimate and plant diversity were significant (P < 0.05). Average annual precipitation and Simpson index increased, while the plant community diversity (i.e. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Palou index), average annual air temperature and soil temperature decreased significantly along the elevation gradients. The physicochemical properties in soil varied significantly with the elevation gradients (P < 0.05). Soil water content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased along the elevation. Whereas the density and pH in soil demonstrated decreasing trend, soil C/N ratio increased earlier and decreased later. Soil enzyme activities fluctuate significantly among the three elevation gradients (P < 0.05). The activity of urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and catalase in the soils increased, while soil polyphenol oxidase decreased. The activity of soil urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase decreased, while soil catalase increased along the soil profile. The variation in environmental factors such as microclimate, vegetation and soil along the elevation had significant effects on soil enzyme activity. The average annual air temperature, average annual precipitation, soil temperature, plant diversity, and soil physico-chemical properties displayed correlations with soil enzyme activity to different degrees. The importance in the effects of environmental factors on soil enzyme activity was ranked as total phosphorus > water content > pH > organic carbon conlant > annual average temperature > soil temperature > available nitrogen conlant > annual precipitation > total nitrogen conlant > total potassium conlant > Margalef index > soil density > available potassium conlant > available phosphorus conlant > Shannon-Wiener index > Pielou index > soil C/N ratio > Simpson index. Conclusion: The change of elevation mainly results in the gradient changes of hydrothermal conditions (i.e. average annual temperature, average annual precipitation, soil temperature, and water content), plant diversity (i.e. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index) and soil chemical properties (i.e. pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus) varied significantly along the elevation gradients. These changes in environmental factors had a significant effect on the activity of soil enzyme. Soil phosphorus, water, pH, carbon, nitrogen, and potassium were the key factors controlling the response of soil enzyme activity to the elevation gradients.

Key words: elevation, soil enzyme activities, environmental factors, redundancy analysis

CLC Number:

Yulian Ren,Mei Lu,Qianbin Cao,Cong Li,Jun Feng,Zhisheng Wang. Response of Forest Soil Enzyme Activities to Elevation in Nangunhe Natural Reserve[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(4): 22-34.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Soil physicochemical properties of vegetation zones at different elevation gradients"

植被带 Vegetation zone	土层 Soil layer	含水量 Water content(%)	密度 Density/(g·cm^-3)	pH	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content/(g·kg^-1)	C/N	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content/(g·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total potassium content/(g·kg^-1)	水解性氮含量 Hydrolysable nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)
RF	0~20 cm	42.19±3.41Ab	1.28±0.04Ba	5.17±0.05Ba	13.11±0.83Ac	4.62±0.14Bb	2.84±0.94Ab	0.85±0.09Ac	5.76±0.57Ab	76.04±4.19Ab	17.43±2.30Ac	141.62±12.51Ac
	20~40 cm	39.24±1.71Ab	1.41±0.07Aa	5.62±0.04Aa	9.50±0.22Bb	7.57±0.46Aa	1.28±0.66Bb	0.41±0.04Bc	5.84±0.46Ab	32.39±2.32Bb	5.58±1.02Bc	144.21±10.64Ab
	40~60 cm	40.70±1.82Ab	1.47±0.02Aa	5.81±0.09Aa	3.86±0.06Cc	3.64±0.16Bb	1.06±0.34Bb	0.37±0.02Bc	3.99±0.25Bc	7.57±1.24Cc	4.80±0.89Bc	133.77±11.62Bc
	均值Mean	40.71	1.38	5.53	8.83	5.28	1.73	0.54	5.20	38.67	9.27	139.87
HF	0~20 cm	48.02±2.73Ab	0.92±0.03Bb	5.00±0.03Aa	19.76±1.82Ab	6.07±0.64Ba	3.36±0.58Ab	1.27±0.76Ab	14.46±1.71Aa	71.39±5.08Ab	39.33±3.47Ab	287.85±8.05Ab
	20~40 cm	46.43±1.94Aab	1.18±0.02Ab	5.12±0.09Aab	11.54±1.09Bb	7.13±0.10ABab	1.62±0.19Bb	0.96±0.03Bb	15.10±0.96Aa	29.03±2.47Bb	7.76±1.00Bb	289.65±9.16Aa
	40~60 cm	43.35±2.46Ab	1.22±0.01Ab	5.26±0.06Aab	8.15±0.17Cb	8.81±0.53Aa	0.94±0.06Cb	0.54±0.01Cb	8.30±0.71Bb	12.21±1.44Cb	5.97±0.69Cb	159.16±5.47Bb
	均值Mean	45.93	1.11	5.13	13.15	7.34	1.97	0.92	12.62	37.54	17.69	245.55
MF	0~20 cm	60.00±3.76Aa	0.91±0.02Bb	3.91±0.07Bb	89.79±2.98Aa	5.86±0.19Ba	15.36±1.24Aa	1.92±0.08Aa	17.60±2.03Aa	221.24±8.63Aa	61.73±7.16Aa	305.17±16.30Aa
	20~40 cm	58.23±2.34Aa	1.13±0.05Ab	4.23±0.03ABb	48.13±1.85Ba	6.14±0.21Bb	7.88±0.89Ba	1.78±0.09Aa	15.66±1.02ABa	133.79±10.21Ba	14.28±3.07Ba	290.29±11.08ABa
	40~60 cm	56.55±4.20Aa	1.16±0.04Ab	4.50±0.04Ab	35.61±1.17Ba	8.28±0.16Aa	4.32±0.44Ca	1.62±0.03Aa	13.69±0.75Ba	74.24±4.76Ca	10.43±1.33Ca	260.10±10.22Ba
	均值Mean	58.26	1.06	4.22	57.85	6.76	9.19	1.77	15.65	143.09	28.81	285.19

Table 4

Fig.1

Table 5

Fig.2

Table 6

Fig.3

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植被带 Vegetation zones	海拔 Elevation/m	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	优势植物 Dominant plant	郁闭度 Canopy density	土壤类型 Soil type
沟谷雨林 Ravine rainforest(RF)	543	98°59′19.32″E, 23°13′32.52″N	千果榄仁Terminalia myriocarpa、绒毛番龙眼Pometia tomentosa、皮孔葱臭木Dysoxylum lenticellatum、黄棉木Metadina trichotoma、滇印杜英Elaeocarpus varunua	0.93	砖红壤 Latosol
半常绿季雨林 Half evergreen monsoon forest(HF)	1 260	98°57′56.88″E, 23°15′29.16″N	白花羊蹄甲Bauhinia variegata、四数木Tetrameles nudiflora、常绿榆Ulums lanceaefolia、顶果木Acrocarpus fraxinifolius	0.88	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil
中山湿性常绿阔叶林 Mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest(MF)	2 176	99°12′39.60″E, 23°19′11.64″N	山杜英Elaeocarpus sylvestris、硬斗石砾Lithocarpus hancei、红花木莲Manglietia insignis、瓦山栲Castanopsis ceratacantha	0.86	黄壤 Yellow soil

植被带 Vegetation zone	年均气温 Average annual air temperature/℃	年均降水量 Average annual precipitation/mm	土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃
RF	23.4a	1 340.1c	18.21a
HF	19.8b	1 810.9b	14.02b
MF	14.6c	2 229.3a	9.82c

植被带 Vegetation zone	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index
RF	23.02±4.32a	4.56±0.73a	0.97±0.18c	3.14±0.63a
HF	21.54±3.96b	2.72±0.46b	1.43±0.41b	1.88±0.74b
MF	20.06±4.01b	2.54±0.38b	2.09±0.32a	1.59±0.55b

排序轴 Sorting axis	第Ⅰ轴 First axis	第Ⅱ轴 Second axis	第Ⅲ轴 Third axis	第Ⅳ轴 Fourth axis
土壤酶活性特征解释量Interpretation of soil enzyme activity characteristics (%)	98.8	0.6	0.0	0.0
土壤酶活性特征与环境因子相关Correlation of soil enzyme activity characteristics and environmental factors	0.997	0.935	0.893	0.891
土壤酶活性特征累计解释量Cumulative interpretation of soil enzyme activity characteristics (%)	98.8	99.4	99.4	99.4
土壤酶活性特征-环境因子关系累计解释量Soil enzyme activity characteristics-cumulative interpretation of environmental factors (%)	99.4	100.0	100.0	100.0
典范特征值Canonical eigenvalue	1.000
总特征值Total eigenvalue	0.994

环境因子 Environmental factor	重要性排序 Order of importance	解释量 Interpretation(%)	F	P
全磷Total phosphorus	1	93.0	330.96	0.002
含水量Water content	2	91.5	269.08	0.002
pH	3	88.5	192.56	0.002
土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon	4	83.2	123.93	0.002
年均气温Average annual air temperature	5	79.7	98.10	0.002
土壤温度Soil temperature	6	78.2	89.93	0.002
水解性氮Hydrolysable nitrogen	7	77.4	85.78	0.002
年均降水量Average annual precipitation	8	75.4	76.43	0.002
全氮Total nitrogen	9	75.1	75.50	0.002
全钾Total potassium	10	72.1	64.71	0.002
Margalef丰富度指数Margalef index	11	63.9	44.27	0.002
土壤密度Soil density	12	53.3	28.49	0.002
速效钾Available potassium	13	46.4	21.68	0.002
有效磷Available phosphorus	14	41.1	17.42	0.002
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener index	15	41.0	17.36	0.004
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	16	39.2	16.10	0.004
C/N	17	1.7	0.43	0.528
Simpson指数Simpson index	18	0.5	0.13	0.844

Response of Forest Soil Enzyme Activities to Elevation in Nangunhe Natural Reserve

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