秦岭3种天然林细根分布特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200203

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: To further understand the role of fine roots in forest soil, the distribution of fine roots in three natural forests of Qinling Mountains and their relationships with soil physical and chemical properties were characterized in order to provide a scientific baseis for ecological management and forest restoration in Qinling Mountains. Method: Soil columns were sampled from three natural forests of Qinling Mountains, namely Picea asperata forest, Betula albo-sinensis forest and mixed forest of P. asperata and B. albo-sinensis. The relations between root parameters (fine root biomass, fine root length density, fine root volume and fine specific root length) and soil properties (soil organic matter, soil porosity, soil density, soil nitrate nitrogen, soil ammonium nitrogen and soil moisture) were studied. Result: Soil physical and chemical properties of the three natural forests showed vertical stratification along the soil profile. The organic matter content, porosity, nitrate content, ammonium content and moisture all decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil density increased with the increase of soil depth. The fine root indexes of the three natural forests decreased with the increase of soil depth. Fine root biomass mainly concentrated in humus layer, auouating for more than 69% in the humus layer for all the three natural forests, which also had the highest fine root length density, fine root volume and fine specific root length, where was 3.76-4.85, 2.63-3.80, 1.26-1.67 times as high as that in illuvial layer, and 11.13-14.98, 6.32-16.01, 1.76-3.28 times as high as that in parent material layer. Among the three forest stands, the fine root length densities in layers of mixed forest were the highest (its mean value was 0.45 cm·cm^-3); the fine root length density, fine root volume, and specific fine root length in layers of the P. asperata forest were the lowest (the mean value were 0.26 cm·cm^-3, 0.88 mm^-3·cm^-3, 0.60 cm·g^-1respectively). The result of correlation analyses showed that there were extremely significant or significant correlations between root parameters and soil properties (soil organic matter, soil porosity, soil density, soil nitrate, soil ammonium and soil moisture) of the three natural forests. Among them, positive correlations between fine root biomass, fine root length density, fine root volume and soil organic matter were the highest (the r value were 0.813, 0.795 and 0.784 respectively); and negative correlations with soil density were the highest (the r value were -0.715, -0.658 and-0.683 respectively). The principal component analysis showed that soil organic matter, soil nitrate, soil density, soil porosity, soil moisture, and soil ammonium contents were the first principal components affecting the distribution of fine roots in natural forests. The path analysis showed that soil organic matter had the greatest direct effect on fine root biomass density; soil moisture had the greatest indirect effect on fine root biomass density, mainly through the effect of soil organic matter. Conclusion: The root parameters of the three natural forests in Qinling Mountains decreased with the soil depth. The fine roots were well-developed and concentrated in the humus layer of forest soil. Among the three forest stands, the fine roots of mixed forest were the most-developed, and the fine roots of P. asperata forest were the least-developed. The root distribution was affected by soil factors, and the extent of influence of those factors were ranked in the order of organic matter > nitrate content > density > porosity > moisture > ammonium content. Soil organic matter directly affected fine root biomass density, while soil moisture indirectly affected fine root biomass density through the influence of soil organic matter. Therefore, in the process of ecological management and forest restoration in Qinling Mountains, biological characteristics of fine roots should be taken into account, with appropriate deployment of different tree species, and sufficient attention to the accumulation of organic matter in forest soil to maintain forest productivity and enhance the function of forest ecosystem.

Key words: natural forest, fine root, distribution characteristics, soil property

CLC Number:

S714

Le Zhu,Chenyang Xu,Zengchao Geng,Lili Liu,Lin Hou,Zhikang Wang,Qiang Wang,Shulan Chen,Qianqian Li. Characterization of Fine Roots Distribution in Three Natural Forests of Qinling Mountains and Their Relations with Soil Physical and Chemical Properties[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(2): 24-31.

Figures/Tables 5

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林分类型 Forest type	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Elevation/ m	土壤类型 Soil type	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡位 Slope position	坡向 Aspect	郁闭度 Canopy density	林木密度 Tree density/ hm^-2	胸径 DBH/ cm	树高 Tree height/m	林分起源 Stand origin
云杉林 P. asperata forest	106°31′32″	34°16′49″	2 123	棕壤 Brown soil	12	坡脚 Toe of slope	南 South	0.84	625	33.9	17.8	天然林 Natural forest
云杉+红桦混交林 P.asperata+B.albo-sinensis mixed forest	106°31′32″	34°16′50″	2 140	棕壤 Brown soil	35	坡面 Slope	南 South	0.80	786	37.0/14.9	18.2/10.7	天然林 Natural forest
红桦林 B. albo-sinensis forest	106°31′32″	34°16′51″	2 153	棕壤 Brown soil	30	坡肩 Slope shoulder	南 South	0.94	1 422	15.6	15.8	天然林 Natural forest

森林类型 Forest type	发生层 Horizon	厚度 Thickness/ cm	硝态氮含量 Nitrate content/ (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮含量 Ammonium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	湿度 Moisture (%)	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	孔隙度 Porosity (%)	密度 Density/ (g·cm^-3)
云杉林 P. asperata forest	腐殖质层 Humus layer	19.10	2.88±0.27a	0.78±0.18a	39.56±4.41a	72.31±4.36a	60.54±1.94a	0.97±0.05b
	淀积层 Illuvial layer	16.75	1.28±0.02b	0.38±0.07b	33.48±1.01ab	39.92±4.64b	53.26±1.89ab	1.18±0.05a
	母质层 Parent material layer	17.93	0.81±0.11b	0.18±0.02b	25.86±1.61b	12.35±2.29c	47.00±2.57b	1.35±0.07a
云杉+红桦混交林 P.asperata+B.albo-sinensis mixed forest	腐殖质层 Humus layer	17.15	3.27±0.54a	0.60±0.25a	38.17±1.92a	62.74±10.34a	60.28±0.64a	1.03±0.02b
	淀积层 Illuvial layer	13.33	1.86±0.12b	0.28±0.09a	34.10±0.47a	35.01±5.96a	56.68±2.60b	1.15±0.07b
	母质层 Parent material layer	15.53	0.61±0.15c	0.24±0.02b	23.41±2.17b	19.49±2.32b	49.44±2.41b	1.34±0.06a
红桦林 B. albo-sinensis forest	腐殖质层 Humus layer	18.57	3.35±0.54a	0.45±0.03a	35.50±1.45a	69.13±2.37a	58.40±0.08a	1.14±0.002b
	淀积层 Illuvial layer	19.00	1.65±0.41b	0.25±0.07b	31.31±0.72ab	41.82±3.04b	54.01±1.80a	1.26±0.05b
	母质层 Parent material layer	20.97	0.61±0.03b	0.20±0.06b	27.61±2.24b	19.59±4.16c	48.70±1.95b	1.42±0.05a

指标 Index	细根生物量密度 Fine root biomass density	细根根长密度 Fine root length Density	细根体积 Fine root volume	细根比根长 Fine specific root length	硝态氮含量 Nitrate Content	铵态氮含量 Ammonium Content	湿度 Moisture	有机质含量 Organic Matter content	孔隙度 Porosity	土壤密度 Soil Density
细根生物量密度 Fine root biomass density	1.000
细根根长密度 Fine root length Density	0.899^**	1.000
细根体积 Fine root Volume	0.955^**	0.922^**	1.000
细根比根长 Fine specific root length	-0.358	-0.316	-0.326	1.000
硝态氮含量 Nitrate content	0.650^**	0.742^**	0.614^**	0.686^**	1.000
铵态氮含量 Ammonium content	0.693^**	0.552^**	0.536^**	0.263	0.675^**	1.000
湿度 Moisture	0.442^*	0.467^*	0.475^*	0.480^*	0.737^**	0.486^*	1.000
有机质含量 Organic matter conltenl	0.813^**	0.795^**	0.784^**	0.587^**	0.852^**	0.774^**	0.753^**	1.000
孔隙度 Porosity	0.739^**	0.712^**	0.724^**	0.553^**	0.736^**	0.536^**	0.646^**	0.761^**	1.000
土壤密度Soil density	-0.715^**	-0.658^**	-0.683^**	-0.411^*	-0.706^**	-0.595^**	-0.668^**	-0.746^**	-0.960^**	1.000

作用因子 Effective factor	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数总和 Sum of indirect path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
		→y	→X→y	→X₁→y →X₂→y →X₃→y
土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content(X₁)	0.813	0.904	-0.094		0.269	-0.363
土壤密度Soil density(X₂)	-0.715	-0.361	-0.354	-0.676		0.322
土壤湿度Soil moisture (X₃)	0.442	-0.482	0.923	0.682	0.241

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Characterization of Fine Roots Distribution in Three Natural Forests of Qinling Mountains and Their Relations with Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

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