三峡库区马尾松林穿透雨和树干茎流空间变异特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200102

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Characterization of the spatial distribution of throughfall and stemflow in Pinus massoniana forests and their regulating factors were investigated in order to provide a scientific basis for accurately quantifying the distribution of precipitation in P. massoniana forests and evaluating their water conservation function. Method: In May 2017, in a P. massoniana forest,we installed 16 throughfall collectors with a cross-sectional area of 3 000 cm² and selected 27 standard trees of P. massoniana to study the spatial variation of their stemflow. We used Pearson correlation to analyze relationships between canopy structure parameters and spatial variability of throughfall and stemflow and employed Monte Carlo simulations to determine the amount of rainfall collector needed to accurately estimate throughfall within a certain error range. Result: During the study period the gross rainfall in open field was 1 008.4 mm,and the amounts of throughfall and stemflow were 829.8 and 14.4 mm,respectively,accounting for 82.3% and 1.4% of the gross rainfall. Both ratios of stemflow volume and stemflow volume increased with the increase of the gross rainfall,but coefficient of variation of stemflow volume decreased with the increase of the gross rainfall and tended to be stable after 60%. The stemflow volume was positively correlated with crown area and DBH (P < 0.01). The throughfall ratio increased with the increase of rainfall,and tended to be stable after throughfall reached 87%,showing a "S" curve (P < 0.01). Throughfall showed a large spatial heterogeneity,and the coefficient of variation significantly decreased first and then stabilized with the increase of rainfall. The relationship between coefficient of variation of throughfall and rainfall was fitted by a reciprocal function (P < 0.01). Characteristics of the canopy structure were the main factors influencing the spatial variability of throughfall,but their effects varied with rainfall. The leaf area index,the canopy thickness,the distance of the measuring point to the trunk and the canopy coverage all affected the spatial distribution of throughfall,and among them,the leaf area index had the greatest influence. Different rainfall levels reached the same error level in the same confidence interval,and the number of throughfall collectors used was different. With the increase of rainfall level,the same level of error could be achieved with less throughfall collectors. When the rainfall level was 0-10 mm,the number of throughfall collectors used was the largest,i.e.,under the 95% confidence interval and within the 5% error range,the minimum number of throughfall collectors required was 13. When the rainfall level was greater than 40 mm,the number of throughfall collectors used to achieve the same error level was the least,i.e.,under the 95% confidence interval and when the measured throughfall was maintained within the 5% error range,the minimum number of throughfall collectors required was six. Conclusion: The spatial variability of throughfall and stemflow of P. massoniana were influenced by rainfall and canopy structure. The spatial heterogeneity of throughfall and stemflow decreased with the increase of rainfall,and then tended to be stable. However,the stability coefficient of the stemflow was greater than that of throughfall. The canopy structure determined the overall pattern of the spatial distribution of throughfall,and among them the leaf area index and throughfall ratio had the strongest impacts. DBH had the most significant effect on stemflow. At the reference rainfall level of 0-10 mm and under the confidence interval of 95% or 90%,at least 13 or 11 collectors should be installed with a cross-sectional area of 3 000 cm² in a 50 m×50 m plot if the value of throughfall was controlled within the range of the 5% error.

Key words: canopy structure, Pinu smassoniana, throughfall, stemflow, spatial distribution, Monte Carlo simulation

CLC Number:

S715.2

Xiujin Yuan, Wenfa Xiao, Jingpin Lei, Lei Pan, Xiaorong Wang, Hongxia Cui, Wenjie Hu. Spatial Variability of Throughfall and Stemflow in Pinus massoniana Plantation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(1): 10-19.

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降雨量级 Rainfall ranges/mm	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	测点距树干的距离 Distance to the nearest stem	冠层厚度 Canopy thickness	冠层覆盖度 Canopy coverage
0~10	-0.520^*	0.224	-0.379	-0.496
10~20	-0.714^**	0.27	-0.536^*	-0.760^**
20~40	-0.712^**	0.613^*	-0.587^*	-0.754^**
＞40	-0.500^*	0.588^*	-0.375	-0.468

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Spatial Variability of Throughfall and Stemflow in Pinus massoniana Plantation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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