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林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 69-80.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240535

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

北京百花山华北落叶松天然次生林的资源利用效率生长季动态变化及影响因素

李钦渊1,2,3, 周泽园4, 李廷山5, 于海群4, 赵洪贤1,2,3, 刘新月1,2,3, 高瑶1,2,3, 刘鹏1,2,3, 查天山1,2,3   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室　北京 100083;
    2. 北京林业大学水土保持学院　北京 100083;
    3. 北京水土保持工程研究中心　北京 100083;
    4. 北京市园林绿化规划和资源监测中心　北京 101118;
    5. 中铁科学研究院集团有限公司　成都 610032
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-17 修回日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 查天山为通信作者。E-mail：tianshanzha@bjfu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFA0608103）；生态监测网络运维与森林体验指数预报——北京园林绿化生态系统监测网络新建站数据管理（GJH-2024-015）。

Growing Season Dynamics and Influencing Factors of Resource Use Efficiency of a Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii Natural Secondary Forest in Baihuashan, Beijing

Li Qinyuan1,2,3, Zhou Zeyuan4, Li Tingshan5, Yu Haiqun4, Zhao Hongxian1,2,3, Liu Xinyue1,2,3, Gao Yao1,2,3, Liu Peng1,2,3, Zha Tianshan1,2,3   

  1. 1. National Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083;
    2. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083;
    3. Beijing Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Research Center　Beijing 100083;
    4. Beijing Landscape Planning and Resources Monitoring Center　Beijing 101118;
    5. China Railway Academy Group Co., Ltd.　Chengdu 610032
  • Received:2024-09-17 Revised:2025-02-25 Published:2025-04-21

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摘要： 目的 探究华北落叶松天然次生林生态系统碳、光能、水分利用效率的生长季内季节变异特征、受生物物理因子的影响以及不同资源利用效率间的权衡关系，为预测未来森林生态系统的气候变化响应提供科学支撑。方法 在北京百花山国家级自然保护区，利用涡度相关系统和微气象观测系统对华北落叶松天然次生林生态系统生长季内的碳、水通量和空气温度、土壤温度、土壤含水量等物理因子进行连续原位监测，分析生态系统碳、光能和水分利用效率的季节变异及影响因素，并探究不同资源利用效率间的权衡关系。结果 1） 生长季内碳利用效率6月较低、10月较高，波动在0.14~0.97；光能利用效率8月份高、10月较低，波动在0.15~2.19 g·MJ-1；水分利用效率6月较低、10月较高，波动在0.74~8.00 g·kg-1。2） 碳利用效率与土壤温度显著负相关（P < 0.05），光能利用效率与土壤含水量显著正相关（P < 0.05），水分利用效率与土壤含水量显著负相关（P < 0.05）。结构方程模型表明，土壤温度通过影响生态系统呼吸间接影响碳利用效率，表现为负效应（P < 0.05）；散射辐射通过影响总初级生产力间接影响光能利用效率，表现为正效应（P < 0.05）；饱和水汽压差通过影响蒸散发间接影响水分利用效率，表现为负效应（P < 0.05）。3） 碳利用效率与水分利用效率显著正相关（P < 0.01），较高的光能利用效率主要发生在碳利用效率和水分利用效率均较低时。结论 华北落叶松天然次生林生态系统碳利用效率与水分利用效率变化趋势一致，均在生长季中期下降，光能利用效率在生长季中期达到最大值。土壤温度升高会降低生态系统碳利用效率，土壤含水量和散射辐射增加均会提高生态系统光能利用效率，土壤含水量和饱和水汽压差增加会限制水分利用效率。生态系统资源利用效率间存在权衡关系，较高的光能利用效率伴随着较低的碳和水分利用效率，本研究结果强调水分条件对华北落叶松天然次生林生态系统资源利用效率间权衡关系的重要性。

关键词: 碳利用效率, 光能利用效率, 水分利用效率, 季节变异, 权衡关系

Abstract: Objective This study aims to explore the seasonal variation within the growing season of carbon, light, water use efficiencies in a Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii natural secondary forest, analyze their biophysical influence and the trade-off among carbon, light, water use efficiencies. Method The eddy covariance technique was used to continuously monitor ecosystem carbon and water fluxes in a L. gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii natural secondary forest in Baihuashan, Beijing. Air temperature, soil temperature and soil water content were continuously monitor. The seasonal variations of ecosystem carbon, light, water use efficiencies were analyzed, along with their biophysical influence, and the trade-off relationships among resource use efficiencies were examined. Result 1) During the growing season, carbon use efficiency was small in June and large in October, ranging from 0.14 to 0.97. Light use efficiency was large in August and small in October, ranging from 0.15 to 2.19 g·MJ-1. Water use efficiency was small in June and large in October, ranging from 0.74 to 8.00 g·kg-1. 2) Carbon use efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with soil temperature（P < 0.05）, light use efficiency was significantly positively correlated with soil water content（P < 0.05）, water use efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with soil water content（P < 0.05）. The structural equation model showed that soil temperature had a negative effect on carbon use efficiency, by affecting ecosystem respiration（P < 0.05）. Diffuse radiation had a positive effect on light use efficiency, by affecting gross primary productivity（P < 0.05）. Vapor pressure deficit had a negative effect on water use efficiency, by affecting evapotranspiration（P < 0.05）. 3) Carbon use efficiency was significantly positively correlated with water use efficiency（P < 0.01）, higher light use efficiency was observed when both carbon and water use efficiencies were low. Conclusion The carbon use efficiency and water use efficiency followed the same trend in L. gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii natural secondary forest ecosystem, both declined in the middle of the growing season, and light use efficiency reached the maximum value in the middle of the growing season. Increasing soil temperature decreased the carbon use efficiency. Increasing soil water content and diffuse radiation promoted the light use efficiency. Increasing soil water content and vapor pressure deficit decreased the water use efficiency. There is a trade-off between ecosystem resource use efficiency, higher light use efficiency occurred when both carbon and water use efficiencies were low. Our findings highlight importance of water condition in the trade-off between resource use efficiency in L. gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii natural secondary forest ecosystem.

Key words: carbon use efficiency, light use efficiency, water use efficiency, seasonal variability, trade-off relationship

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