山桐子幼苗对极端高温和高温干旱复合胁迫的生理响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230465

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究山桐子幼苗对极端高温和高温干旱复合胁迫的生理响应，探明山桐子对极端高温的抗性能力，为其栽培、引种及极端高温下的生产和生存提供参考和理论依据。方法: 以2年生‘豫济’山桐子苗木为试验材料，通过人工气候室控制温度和水分模拟极端高温和高温干旱复合胁迫环境，以自然环境为对照，测定‘豫济’山桐子的植株形态变化和生理变化。结果: 极端高温胁迫和高温干旱复合胁迫下，‘豫济’山桐子植株萎蔫、枝干皱缩，苗木枯死；苗高、地径、根长、根表面积、根平均直径以及各生物量、叶片上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度等均不同程度下降；在光合作用方面，光合速率（P_n）显著下降，气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（Tr）逐渐降低，胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）逐渐升高，P_n主要受非气孔因素限制；在抗氧化系统方面，高温胁迫导致超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性呈先上升后下降趋势，高温干旱复合胁迫导致SOD和过氧化物酶（POD）活性下降，2种胁迫方式均促进丙二醛（MDA）含量升高；在蛋白质和糖类代谢方面，高温胁迫导致可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降趋势，高温干旱复合胁迫导致可溶性蛋白含量下降，2种胁迫方式均促进可溶性糖含量升高。结论: ‘豫济’山桐子在日平均温度40 ℃、日最高温度62 ℃条件下能够持续生长24 h，超过24 h将受到严重迫害。高温胁迫和高温干旱复合胁迫均使‘豫济’山桐子受害严重，且高温干旱复合胁迫的受害程度大于高温胁迫。

关键词: 山桐子, 高温胁迫, 高温干旱复合胁迫, 形态响应, 生理响应

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to understand the resistance ability of Idesia polycarpa to extreme high temperatures through investigating the physiological response of I. polycarpa seedlings to extreme high temperature stress and combined stress of high temperature and drought, so as to provide a reference and scientific theoretical basis for its cultivation and introduction, as well as for the production and survival under extreme high temperature. Method: In this experiment, 2-year-old I. polycarpa ‘Yuji’ seedlings were used as test material. The temperature and water were controlled in an artificial climate chamber to simulate extreme high temperature, and high temperature plus drought stress environment, with the natural environment served as the control. The I. polycarpa ‘Yuji’ seedlings were subjected to the above conditions and their morphological and physiological changes were measured. Result: Under the extreme high temperature stress and combined stress of high temperature and drought, I. polycarpa ‘Yuji’ seedlings wilted, the branches and trunks crumpled, and the seedlings died. The seedling height, diameter, root length, root surface area, root average diameter, biomass, leaf epidermal thickness, palisade tissue thickness, and spongy tissue thickness were all decreased to different degrees. Photosynthesis (P_n) rate was significantly decreased, stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (Tr) gradually decreased, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) gradually increased. P_n was mainly limited by non-stomatal factors. In terms of antioxidant system, high temperature stress caused SOD activity first increase and then decrease, high temperature and drought combined stress led SOD activity and POD activity decrease, and both stresses promoted an increase in MDA content. High temperature stress made soluble protein content first rise and then fall, high temperature and drought combined stress led a decrease in soluble protein content, and both stresses caused an increase in soluble sugar content. The effects of the combined stress on morphology and physiology were greater than those of high temperature stress. Conclusion: I. polycarpa ‘Yuji’ seedlings can tolerate the conditions of a daily average temperature of 40.0 ℃, and the daily maximum temperature of 62.0 ℃ for 24 h. If the conditions last more than 24 h, the seedlings will be subject to severe persecution. Both the high temperature stress and the high temperature and drought combined stress seriously affect I. polycarpa ‘Yuji’ seedlings, and the victimization degree caused by the combined stress is greater than that caused by high temperature stress.

Key words: Idesia polycarpa, high temperature stress, high temperature and drought combined stress, morphological responses, physiological responses

中图分类号:

S718.43

田凯欣,许郡元,代莉,李志,耿晓东,刘震,王艳梅. 山桐子幼苗对极端高温和高温干旱复合胁迫的生理响应[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(11): 84-92.

Kaixin Tian,Junyuan Xu,Li Dai,Zhi Li,Xiaodong Geng,Zhen Liu,Yanmei Wang. Physiological Response of Idesia polycarpa Seedlings to Extreme High Temperature and High Temperature Plus Drought Stress[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(11): 84-92.

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处理 Treatment	苗高 Seedling height/cm			地径 Diameter of the ground/mm
处理 Treatment	0 h	24 h	48 h	0 h	24 h	48 h
高温胁迫 High temperature stress	21.04 ± 1.05Aa	20.04 ± 0.97Aa	19.24 ± 0.98Ba	5.61 ± 0.06Aa	5.33 ± 0.07Ba	5.00 ± 0.12Bb
复合胁迫 Combined stress	21.22 ± 0.97Aa	18.86 ± 0.78Aab	17.54 ± 0.56Bb	5.59 ± 0.97Aa	5.33 ± 0.23Ba	4.88 ± 0.22Bb
CK	20.84 ± 0.94Aa	21.32 ± 0.93Aab	23.64 ± 0.72Ab	5.58 ± 0.05Aa	5.60 ± 0.08Aa	5.76 ± 0.11Aa

处理 Treatment	根长 Root length/m	根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根平均直径 Average root diameter/mm	根系密度 Root density/( m·m^-3)	根总体积 Total root area/cm³
高温胁迫 High temperature stress	38.76 ± 0.80b	626.36 ± 31.93b	0.42 ± 0.06b	2533.64 ± 52.13b	7.84 ± 0.23b
复合胁迫 Combined stress	17.84 ± 0.50c	385.57 ± 6.87c	0.14 ± 0.02c	1166.21 ± 32.39c	6.63 ± 0.22c
CK	57.55 ± 0.46a	1087.54 ± 78.61a	0.76 ± 0.06a	3761.57 ± 30.38a	15.18 ± 1.19a

处理 Treatment	根生物量 Root biomass/g	茎生物量 Stem biomass/g	叶生物量 Leaf biomass/g	地上生物量 Above-ground biomass/g	全株生物量 Total plant biomass/g
高温胁迫 High temperature stress	1.94 ± 0.10b	0.94 ± 0.16b	1.97 ± 0.12b	2.91 ± 0.28b	4.84 ± 0.30b
复合胁迫 Combined stress	0.92 ± 0.17c	0.66 ± 0.10b	1.39 ± 0.04b	2.05 ± 0.14b	2.96 ± 0.37b
CK	3.72 ± 0.07a	1.81 ± 0.02a	3.78 ± 0.49a	5.59 ± 0.51a	9.31 ± 0.58a

指标 Index	胁迫前 Before stress	高温胁迫 High temperature stress	复合胁迫 Combined stress
上表皮厚度 Upper skin thickness/mm	17.10±0.61a	13.23±1.13b	13.41±0.73b
栅栏组织厚度 Fence tissue thickness/mm	37.64±1.52a	32.97± 1.13b	24.13±1.48c
海绵组织厚度 Spongy tissue thickness/mm	53.61±2.65a	33.58±1.31b	45.02±3.01c
下表皮厚度 Lower skin thickness/mm	8.23± 0.42b	6.20±0.96a	7.21±0.96a
叶片厚度 Blade thickness/mm	119.23±3.34a	98.28±1.77c	110.27±2.31b
叶片组织结构紧密度 Tightness of leaf tissue structure（%）	31.78±1.47a	29.96±1.03a	24.63±1.59b
叶片组织结构疏松度 Leaf tissue structure laxity（%）	44.91±1.69a	30.56±1.29b	46.08±3.43a

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