东北地区主要造林树种幼苗期生物量分配特征与异速生长模型

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220428

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析东北地区10种主要造林树种幼龄期各组分生物量分配特征，建立并筛选单树种和全树种最优生长模型，为该地区森林生物量尤其是幼龄林生物量估算提供模型参考。方法: 在吉林省舒兰市生物多样性与生态系统功能控制试验样地内，2021年7―8月份选取长势良好的植株进行全株取样，每个树种选取15~21株个体，共计200株。测量根系、茎干、叶片各器官生物量及其分配比例，并计算地上部分以及整株生物量。以基径和树高为自变量，以根系、茎干、叶片各器官和地上部分及整株生物量为因变量，建立一元线性、多元线性、幂函数等形式的回归方程，构建单树种和全树种生物量模型，并通过决定系数、参数显著性以及赤池信息标准（AIC）等指标筛选最优模型。结果: 1）10个树种的生物量总体呈现出茎干生物量占比最高（45%）、根系生物量次之（35.5%）、叶片生物量最低（19.5%）的分配格局。随着基径增长，茎干生物量占比呈上升趋势，叶片生物量占比呈下降趋势，根系生物量占比变化不明显。2）10个树种的生物量最优模型均以幂函数形式为主，单树种生物量模型以Y=a(D²H)^b和Y=aD^b为最优形式；全树种生物量模型则以Y=a(D²H)^b和Y=aD^bH^c为最优模型形式（D为基径，H 为树高，a，b，c分别为方程系数）。结论: 幂函数形式为生物量最优模型，其中单树种生物量模型具有更高拟合优度，适用于特定树种生物量的精确估算，而全树种生物量模型则对区域性的生物量估算具有更广泛的适用性。

关键词: 生物量, 异速生长方程, 单树种生物量模型, 全树种生物量模型

Abstract:

Objective: The biomass distribution characteristics and the species-specific allometric equations of the major afforestation tree species in Northeast China were analyzed in this study, to provide model reference for the biomass estimation of forests in this area. Method: This study was based on the biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment plantation in Shulan, Jilin Province. The well-growing trees in the forest plot were selected for whole-plant sampling from July to August 2021, and 15 to 21 individuals of each tree species were selected. The biomass of each tree’s roots, stems, and leaves were measured, respectively. Meanwhile, the aboveground (i.e., leaves + stems) biomass and the total (i.e., leaves + stems + roots) biomass were measured. The species-specific and all-tree species allometric models were established based on the dependent (i.e., tree height and base diameter) and independent variables (i.e., different organs, aboveground, and total biomass) using univariate linear, multivariate linear, and power functions. Coefficient of determination, parametric significance, and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were employed to evaluate the models. Result: 1) The biomass distribution of the 10 tree species exhibited generally the highest proportion in stems (45%) followed by roots (35.5%), and the lowest proportion in leaves (19.5%). With the increase in base diameter, the proportion of stem biomass showed an upward trend, the proportion of leaf biomass showed a downward trend, while the proportion of root biomass did not change significantly. 2) The biomass equations in the form of power functions were demonstrated to be the best-fit equations. Specifically, the form of Y=a(D²H)^band Y=aD^b were selected as the optimal model for single-tree species, while the form of Y=a(D²H)^band Y=aD^bH^cwere selected as the optimal model all-tree species biomass models. Conclusion: The models in the form of a power function were identified as the optimal models, equations based on single tree species have high accuracy for species-specific biomass estimation, while the equation of whole tree species have wider applicability for regional biomass estimation.

Key words: biomass, allometric growth equation, single tree biomass model, all tree biomass model

中图分类号:

周昊,叶尔江·拜克吐尔汉,何怀江,张春雨,赵秀海,郝珉辉. 东北地区主要造林树种幼苗期生物量分配特征与异速生长模型[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(11): 23-32.

Hao Zhou,Baiketuerhan Yeerjiang,Huaijiang He,Chunyu Zhang,Xiuhai Zhao,Minhui Hao. Biomass Distribution Characteristics and Species-Specific Allometric Equations for Afforestation Species in Northeast China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(11): 23-32.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

各组分生物量最优模型①"

树种 Species	组分 Components	方程形式 Equation form	系数Coefficients			拟合优度 R²	显著性 P	校正因子 CF
树种 Species	组分 Components	方程形式 Equation form	a	b	c	拟合优度 R²	显著性 P	校正因子 CF
白桦 Betula platyphylla	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.021*	0.775 *		0.87	<0.05	1.001
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.023 *	0.794 *		0.83	<0.05	1.001
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aD^b	0.088 *	2.133 *		0.67	<0.05	1.010
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.017 *	0.780 *		0.88	<0.05	1.001
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.004 *	0.757 *		0.65	<0.05	1.015
红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.242 *	0.545 *		0.82	<0.05	1.003
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=aD^b	1.438 *	1.240 *		0.83	<0.05	1.003
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aD^b	0.271 *	1.538 *		0.78	<0.05	1.073
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.040 *	0.712 *		0.90	<0.05	1.006
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aD^b	0.982 *	0.852 *		0.48	<0.05	1.023
红松 Pinus koraiensis	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.846 *	0.714 *		0.77	<0.05	1.003
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.111 *	0.704 *		0.81	<0.05	1.002
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aD^b	0.068 *	1.942 *		0.84	<0.05	1.011
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.016 *	0.809 *		0.83	<0.05	1.007
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.082 *	0.655 *		0.67	<0.05	1.007
黄檗 Phellodendron amurense	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.017 *	0.766 *		0.83	<0.05	1.003
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.029 *	0.752 *		0.80	<0.05	1.003
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aD^b	0.051 *	2.249 *		0.72	<0.05	1.009
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.005 *	0.866 *		0.87	<0.05	1.003
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aD^b	0.214 *	1.249 *		0.41	<0.05	1.049
怀槐 Maackia amurensis	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	0.033 *	2.071 *	0.464 *	0.74	<0.05	1.002
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=aD^b	0.274 *	2.289 *		0.62	<0.05	1.002
	根系生物量 (Root biomass)	Y=aD^b	0.142 *	2.274 *		0.49	<0.05	1.004
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.012 *	0.857 *		0.73	<0.05	1.003
	叶生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aD^b	0.124 *	1.704 *		0.38	<0.05	1.010
色木槭 Acer mono	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=aH^b	0.007 *	1.729 *		0.58	<0.05	1.009
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.135 *	0.590 *		0.67	<0.05	1.004
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.051 *	0.583 *		0.62	<0.05	1.011
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	0.005 *	0.959 *	1.299 *	0.72	<0.05	1.010
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aH^b	0.052 *	0.998 *		0.22	<0.05	1.063
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=aD^b	0.593 *	1.394 *		0.71	<0.05	1.003
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=aD^b	2.155 *	1.152 *		0.52	<0.05	1.003
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aD^b	1.719 *	0.966 *		0.31	<0.05	1.008
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.021 *	0.715 *		0.79	<0.05	1.006
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aD^b	0.529 *	0.920 *		0.36	<0.05	1.023
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.051 *	0.698 *		0.63	<0.05	1.003
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.154 *	0.620 *		0.49	<0.05	1.003
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.290	0.427		0.16	0.08	1.015
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.038 *	0.715 *		0.65	<0.05	1.003
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	?0.582	0.019		0.18	0.06	1.187
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=aH^b	0.339 *	0.877 *		0.65	<0.05	1.004
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=aH^b	1.759 *	0.595 *		0.47	<0.05	1.003
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aH^b	0.244	0.145		0.03	0.46	1.011
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=aH^b	0.167 *	0.932 *		0.75	<0.05	1.004
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aH^b	0.190 *	0.783 *		0.31	<0.05	1.051
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	0.002 *	0.875 *	1.481 *	0.66	<0.05	1.004
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.025 *	0.483 *		0.36	<0.05	1.004
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aH^b	0.239	0.178		0.00	0.78	1.020
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	0.001 *	0.954 *	1.508 *	0.69	<0.05	1.005
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aH^b	0.002 *	1.611 *		0.35	<0.05	1.157
全树种 All species	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	0.296 *	1.336 *	0.278 *	0.56	<0.05	1.013
	整株生物量 Total biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	0.434 *	1.423 *	0.248 *	0.60	<0.05	1.008
	根系生物量 Root biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	0.114 *	1.549 *	0.242 *	0.49	<0.05	1.038
	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	Y=a(D²H)^b	0.041 *	0.664 *		0.73	<0.05	1.019
	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	Y=aD^bH^c	2.595 *	0.985 *	?0.352 *	0.14	<0.05	1.115

表2

表3

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方程代码 Equation code	方程类型 Model styles	方程形式 Equations form	方程代码 Equation code	方程类型 Model styles	方程形式 Equations form
Eq.1	对数Logarithmic	lnY=lna+blnH	Eq.8	一元二次Quadratic	Y=aH²+b
Eq.2	对数Logarithmic	lnY=lna+blnD	Eq.9	一元二次Quadratic	Y=aD²+b
Eq.3	对数Logarithmic	lnY=lna+bln(D²H)	Eq.10	一元二次Quadratic	Y=aH+bH²+c
Eq.4	对数Logarithmic	lnY=lna+blnH+clnD	Eq.11	一元二次Quadratic	Y=aD+bD²+c
Eq.5	一元线性Linear	Y=aH+b	Eq.12	多元二次Multivariate quadratic	Y=aH+bD²+c
Eq.6	一元线性Linear	Y=aD+b	Eq.13	多元二次Multivariate quadratic	Y=aD+bH²+c
Eq.7	多元线性Multiple linear	Y=aH+bD+c	Eq.14	多元二次Multivariate quadratic	Y=aH²+bD²+c

检验类型Test type	叶片生物量 Leaf biomass	茎干生物量 Stem biomass	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	根系生物量 Root biomass	整株生物量 Total biomass
t检验值t-value	5.69	1.84	5.77	2.09	0.70
P检验值P-value	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	0.25

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