生物炭和有机肥对毛白杨人工林地木质分解及土壤养分循环相关酶活性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 利用标准规格不同树种木条的分解，并结合土壤养分循环相关酶活性变化探讨生物炭和有机肥对杨树人工林地土壤质量的影响。方法: 在裂区试验设计中，分别以有机肥（M：0、3、9 t·hm^?2）和生物炭（B：0、2.5、10 t·hm^?2）为主区和副区因素对三倍体毛白杨人工林砂壤土进行处理（共计9个土壤处理：M0B0、M0B2.5、M0B10、M3B0、M3B2.5、M3B10、M9B0、M9B2.5、M9B10）。将3个树种[三倍体毛白杨（以下简称“毛白杨”）、美洲山杨、火炬松]木条按照2种放置方式（水平放置于林地表面、垂直插入20 cm土壤内）安置在林地内。土壤处理2年后，测定土壤酸性磷酸酶、纤维素酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性；木条分解2.5年后，测定其分解（密度损失）和含水量。结果: M9B10处理显著提高了土壤含水量（尤其在雨季）。对于土壤酶活性，9 t·hm^?2有机肥显著提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶活性；M3B10、M9B0和M9B2.5提高了土壤α-葡萄糖苷酶活性；M0B10、M3B2.5和M9B2.5显著提高了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性；M3B2.5、M9B0、M9B2.5和M9B10显著提高了土壤N-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性；同时，所有土壤处理提高了芳基硫酸酯酶活性，提高幅度为62.84%~ 248.14%。木条分解速率因放置方式（土壤内>表面）和木条树种（2种杨树>火炬松）而异。在林地表面，M3B0和M9B2.5处理促进了3个树种木条的分解，同时，M0B10、M3B2.5和M3B10处理促进了毛白杨和美洲山杨木条分解；在林地土壤内，M3B0促进了毛白杨木条分解，除M3B2.5、M3B10和M9B10外的所有处理加速了火炬松木条分解。结论: 生物炭和有机肥提高了土壤含水量和酶活性并加速了林地表面和土壤内的木质分解，可用于提高人工林地土壤质量，但有必要进行更多大田试验以根据土壤类型和气候条件制定土壤管理方案。

关键词: 生物炭, 有机肥, 杨树人工林, 木质分解, 土壤酶

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil quality in a poplar (triploid Populus tomentosa) plantation by using the decomposition of standardized wood stakes from different tree species, together with changes in soil enzyme activity related to soil nutrient cycling. Method: In a split-plot experiment, manure (M: 0, 3, 9 t·hm^?2) and biochar (B: 0, 2.5, 10 t·hm^?2) were respectively used as whole plot and split-plot to treat the sandy loam soil of triploid P. tomentosa plantation (a total of 9 soil treatments, M0B0, M0B2.5, M0B10, M3B0, M3B2.5, M3B10, M9B0, M9B2.5, and M9B10). Wood stakes of three tree species (poplar, P. tomentosa; aspen, Populus tremuloides; pine, Pinus taeda) were installed by both horizontally placing on the soil surface (surface stakes) and vertically inserting into 20 cm of mineral soil (mineral stakes) to serve as decomposition substrates. After two years of soil treatments, acid phosphatase, cellulase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase, and aryl sulfatase activities in 0?20 cm soil layer were measured; and in 2.5 years after wood stake installation, the decomposition (density loss) and water content of the wood stakes were measured. Result: The M9B10 treatment significantly increased soil water content, especially during the rainy season. As for enzymes, the 9 t·hm^?2 manure significantly increased soil acid phosphatase activity. Compared to the un-treated M0B0, M3B10, M9B0, and M9B2.5 treatments significantly increased soil α-glucosidase activity, M0B10, M3B2.5, and M9B2.5 treatments significantly increased soil β-glucosidase activity, M3B2.5, M9B0, M9B2.5, and M9B10 treatments significantly increased soil N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase activity, and all soil treatments significantly increased soil aryl sulfatase activity by 62.84%–248.14%. Wood stakes decomposition rates varied dependent on the placement positions (mineral > surface) and tree species (the two Populus > pine). On the soil surface, M3B0 and M9B2.5 treatments significantly increased the decomposition of wood stakes of three species, while M0B10, M3B2.5, and M3B10 treatments accelerated the degradation of the two Populus wood stakes as compared to the M0B0. In the mineral soil, as compared to the un-treated M0B0, M3B0 increased poplar stake decomposition, while all soil treatments except M3B2.5, M3B10, and M9B10 accelerated the decomposition of loblolly pine stakes. Conclusion: Soil biochar and manure amendments increase soil water content and enzyme activities as well as accelerate wood stake decomposition both on the soil surface and in the 20 cm mineral soil layer. They can be used to enhance soil quality in plantations. However, more field studies are necessary to make appropriate soil management policies based on soil conditions and climates.

Key words: biochar, organic fertilizer, poplar plantation, wood decomposition, soil enzymes

中图分类号:

S714.6

赵蕊蕊,刘勇,王凯. 生物炭和有机肥对毛白杨人工林地木质分解及土壤养分循环相关酶活性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(11): 1-11.

Ruirui Zhao,Yong Liu,Kai Wang. Effects of Biochar and Manure on Wood Decomposition and Soil Enzyme Activities Related Soil Nutrient Cycling in a triploid Populus tomentosa Plantation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(11): 1-11.

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方差来源 Source of variation	密度损失Density loss			含水量Moisture content
	df	F	P	df	F	P
有机肥Manure (M)	2	4.10	0.044	2	1.27	0.317
生物炭Biochar (B)	2	2.01	0.176	2	0.02	0.978
放置方式 Location (L)	1	1068.86	<0.001	1	38.59	<0.001
树种Species (S)	2	662.26	<0.001	2	30.78	<0.001
M × B	4	10.05	<0.001	4	0.70	0.607
M × L	2	5.21	0.024	2	0.47	0.635
B × L	2	2.09	0.1658	2	1.12	0.358
M × S	4	9.96	<0.001	4	2.33	0.055
B × S	4	16.19	<0.001	4	2.53	0.040
L × S	2	71.09	<0.001	2	5.86	0.003
M × B× L	4	4.85	0.015	4	1.91	0.174
M × B× S	8	15.75	<0.001	8	4.49	<0.001
M × L× S	4	1.23	0.297	4	1.97	0.097
B × L× S	4	7.39	<0.001	4	1.33	0.258
M × B× L× S	8	12.06	<0.001	8	3.55	<0.001

方差来源 Source of variation	土壤酶 Soil enzymes
	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase			纤维素酶 Cellulase			α-葡萄糖苷酶 α-glucosidase			β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase			N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase			芳基硫酸酯酶 Aryl sulfatase
	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
有机肥Manure (M)	2	5.76	0.045	2	1.51	0.282	2	14.26	0.003	2	0.91	0.445	2	8.84	0.024	2	6.37	0.033
生物炭Biochar (B)	2	0.31	0.738	2	0.04	0.962	2	1.14	0.326	2	1.85	0.165	2	5.19	0.008	2	2.66	0.078
M × B	4	0.61	0.655	4	3.74	0.009	4	5.04	0.001	4	4.24	0.004	4	6.15	<0.001	4	3.56	0.011

方差来源 Source of variation	密度损失 Density loss			含水量 Moisture content
方差来源 Source of variation	df	F	P	df	F	P
表面毛白杨Surface Populus tomentosa
有机肥 Manure (M)	2	6.78	0.050	2	0.62	0.588
生物炭 Biochar (B)	2	4.35	0.016	2	4.51	0.014
M × B	4	6.99	<0.001	4	3.37	0.013
美洲山杨 Populus tremuloides
M	2	8.68	0.103	2	0.17	0.852
B	2	18.41	<0.001	2	7.42	0.001
M × B	4	10.37	<0.001	4	3.01	0.022
火炬松 Pinus taeda
M	2	12.18	0.009	2	0.09	0.915
B	2	22.40	<0.001	2	5.65	0.005
M × B	4	69.31	<0.001	4	5.03	0.001
土壤内毛白杨Mineral Populus tomentosa
M	2	5.19	0.007	2	1.28	0.351
B	2	1.78	0.174	2	3.15	0.048
M × B	4	12.49	<0.001	4	10.52	<0.001
美洲山杨Populus tremuloides
M	2	0.54	0.587	2	9.91	<0.001
B	2	0.71	0.495	2	2.14	0.123
M × B	4	1.50	0.208	4	5.37	<0.001
火炬松 Pinus taeda
M	2	2.81	0.133	2	0.86	0.425
B	2	45.46	<0.001	2	1.28	0.284
M × B	4	70.07	<0.001	4	0.92	0.456

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