杨树人工林连作与轮作对土壤氮素细菌类群和氮素代谢的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160506

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 氮素是影响杨树人工林生产力的最重要元素,研究杨树人工林连作和轮作氮素循环细菌类群演变动态及氮素代谢结构特征,有助于从养分循环角度揭示杨树人工林连作障碍机制。[方法] 采用宏基因组测序技术,研究杨树人工林Ⅰ代林地、连作Ⅱ代林地、Ⅱ代林地主伐后轮作花生地和轮荒地土壤中氮素循环细菌类群及氮素代谢随不同连作代数及不同轮作模式的演变规律。[结果] 发现参与氮素循环细菌4类11属,其中固氮细菌有拜叶林克氏菌属、慢生根瘤菌、根瘤菌属和弗兰克氏菌属,硝化细菌有硝化杆菌属和亚硝化螺菌属,反硝化细菌有假单胞菌属、罗尔斯通菌属、伯克氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属和链霉菌属,氨化细菌有芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属; 杨树人工林连作1代后,土壤中参与氮素循环细菌总数增加4.73%,土壤中氮素细菌的种类没有增减,固氮细菌的相对丰度增加53.44%,硝化细菌的相对丰度没有变化,反硝化细菌的相对丰度增加0.14%,氨化细菌的相对丰度增加1.33%; 与Ⅱ代林相比,花生地土壤中的氮素细菌的种类没有增减,固氮细菌的相对丰度减少71.14%,硝化细菌、反硝化细菌和氨化细菌的相对丰度分别增加120%,15.63%和20.76%; 轮荒地中的土壤氮素循环细菌缺少了硝化细菌,固氮细菌的相对丰度减少79.10%,反硝化细菌和氨化细菌的相对丰度分别增大17.39%和24.56%;杨树人工林连作1代后,土壤中的固氮细菌代谢活性增强,硝化细菌中的硝化杆菌属的代谢活性减弱,亚硝化螺菌属的代谢活性增强,氨化细菌代谢活性减弱; 与Ⅱ代林相比,轮作花生地中仅有硝化细菌的代谢活性增加,其他3种氮素代谢功能菌的活性都降低; 轮荒地中,所有的氮素循环细菌的代谢活性均比杨树Ⅱ代林地低。[结论] 杨树人工林连作1代后,土壤中参与氮素循环的细菌总数增加,但代谢活性降低; 轮作花生后,大多数氮素代谢细菌的数量增加,但仅有硝化细菌的代谢活性明显增强; 轮作可以改善连作对杨树人工林地土壤硝化细菌生长繁殖和代谢活动的影响。

关键词: 杨树人工林, 连作障碍, 宏基因组测序技术, 细菌类群, 氮素代谢

Abstract:

[Objective] Nitrogen is the most important element for poplar plantation productivity. Studies on the dynamic changes of nitrogen cycle bacteria community in continuous cropping and rotation of poplar plantation and the structure features of nitrogen metabolism will help to reveal the obstacle mechanism of continuous cropping to nitrification bacteria in poplar plantation in terms of nutrient cycling. [Method] In this study, the Metagenome sequencing technology was used to study the soil nitrogen cycling bacteria community and the evolvement pattern of nitrogen metabolism along with the continuous cropping generation and different rotation patterns in generation Ⅰ of poplar plantation, continuous cropping generation Ⅱ of poplar plantation, rotated peanut field and the abandoned land after poplar clear cutting. [Result] There were 11 bacteria from 4 genera related to nitrogen cycle, among which Azotobacter had genera of Beijerinckia, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, and Frankia; Nitrobacteria had Nitrobacter, and Nitrosospira; Denitrifying bacteria had Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Burkholderia, Bacillus, and Streptomyces; Ammonifying bacteria had Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. After the first continuous cropping of poplar plantation, the total number of nitrogen cycling bacteria in the soil increased by 4.73%, and the type of nitrogen cycle bacteria in the soil remained unchanged. The relative abundance of nitrogen fixing bacteria increased by 53.44%, nitrification bacteria was no change, denitrification bacteria increased by 0.14%, and ammonifying bacteria increased by 1.33%. Compared with generation Ⅱ of poplars, there was no increase or decrease in the type of nitrogen cycle bacteria in the rotated peanut soil. The relative abundance of nitrogen fixing bacteria reduced by 71.14%, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and ammonifying bacteria increased by 120%, 15.63% and 20.76%, respectively. Compared with generation Ⅱ of poplars, species of nitrogen cycle bacteria in the abandoned land soil reduced and the abandoned land was lack of nitrification bacteria. The relative abundance of nitrogen fixing bacteria reduced by 79.10%, while denitrifying bacteria and ammonifying bacteria increased by 17.39%, 24.56%, respectively. After the first continuous cropping of poplar plantation, the metabolic activity of soil azotobacteria enhanced, Nitrobacter weakened, Nitrosospira enhanced, and ammonifying bacteria weakened. Compared with generation Ⅱ of poplars, only the metabolic activity of nitrification bacteria increased, while the other three kinds of nitrogen metabolism function bacteria decreased in rotated peanut field. The metabolic activities of all nitrogen cycling bacteria in the abandoned land were lower than that in generation Ⅱ of poplar plantation. [Conclusion] After the first continuous cropping of poplar plantation, the total number of nitrogen cycle bacteria increased in the soil, but the metabolic activity decreased. After the rotation of peanuts, the most of nitrogen cycle bacteria increased significantly, but only the metabolic activity of the nitrification bacteria increased significantly. Thus, rotation could improve the adverse effects of continuous cropping of poplar plantation on the growth and metabolic activity of nitrification bacteria.

Key words: poplar plantation, continuous cropping obstacle, metagenome sequencing technology, bacteria community, nitrogen metabolic

中图分类号:

S714.3

王文波, 王延平, 王华田, 马雪松, 伊文慧. 杨树人工林连作与轮作对土壤氮素细菌类群和氮素代谢的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(5): 45-54.

Wang Wenbo, Wang Yanping, Wang Huatian, Ma Xuesong, Yi Wenhui. Effects of Different Continuous Cropping and Rotation of Poplar Plantation on Soil Nitrogen Bacteria Community and Nitrogen Metabolism[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(5): 45-54.

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