浙江省森林生态产品价值实现对城乡差距的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220777

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 缩小城乡差距是实现全体人民共同富裕的重要环节。构建衡量森林生态产品价值实现效率和城乡差距的多维度测算体系, 分析森林生态产品价值实现效率对城乡差距的影响以及作用机制, 以期为新时代新征程中制定和完善城乡共同富裕规划和政策提供科学依据。方法: 基于2001—2020年浙江省11个设区市的面板数据, 运用双固定效应静态面板模型分析森林生态产品价值实现效率对城乡差距的影响效应, 从城乡收入差距、城乡消费差距、城乡就业差距和城乡公共差距四个方面分析作用机制。结果: 1) 2001—2020年浙江省森林生态产品价值实现效率较低, 总体呈现波动上升的态势, 20年间设区市森林生态产品价值实现效率均值表现为嘉兴>金华>台州>舟山>湖州>绍兴>宁波>温州>杭州>丽水。2)2001—2020年浙江省城乡差距总体呈下降态势, 各设区市城乡发展差距水平存在明显异质性。20年间各设区市城乡差距均值表现为嘉兴＜湖州＜舟山＜宁波＜杭州＜绍兴＜温州＜台州＜金华＜衢州＜丽水。3)浙江省森林生态产品价值实现效率对城乡差距的影响整体上呈现出先增大后降低的"倒U型"发展态势。4)森林生态产品价值实现效率能够通过非农就业人数、农林水事务支出和农村居民人均转移性收入等路径影响并缩小城乡发展差距。结论: 各设区市应根据各自森林资源禀赋特征, 创新森林生态产品价值增值模式, 完善森林生态补偿机制、森林生态产业市场化促进机制和生态产业发展利益共享机制, 拓宽森林生态产品价值实现路径, 积极吸纳农村劳动力就业, 提高农村非农就业收入和森林资源财产性收入水平, 将浙江森林资源优势转化为城乡共同富裕优势。

关键词: 共同富裕, 城乡发展差距, 生态产品价值, 实现效率, 倒U型

Abstract:

Objective: Narrowing the gap between urban and rural development is an important link in achieving common prosperity for all people.Building a multi-dimensional assessment system to measure the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products and the urban-rural gap, and analyze the impact of the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products on the urban-rural gap and its mechanism, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating and improving urban and rural common prosperity planning and policies in the new era and new journey. Method: Based on the panel data of 11 districts and cities in Zhejiang Province from 2001 to 2020, the double fixed effect static panel model was used to analyze the impact of the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products on the urban-rural gap, and the mechanism was analyzed from four aspects: urban-rural income gap, urban-rural consumption gap, urban-rural employment gap, and urban-rural public service gap. Result: 1) From 2001 to 2020, the achievement rate of the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products in Zhejiang Province was relatively low, and the overall situation was fluctuating.The average efficiency of value realization of forest ecological products in district-divided cities in the past 20 years was ranked as follows: Jiaxing> Jinhua> Taizhou> Zhoushan> Huzhou> Shaoxing> Ningbo> Wenzhou> Hangzhou> Lishui.2) From 2001 to 2020, the urban-rural gap in Zhejiang Province showed a declining trend in general, and the urban-rural development gaps among the district-divided cities were obviously heterogeneous.In the past 20 years, the average value of urban-rural gap of each city was ranked as follows: Jiaxing < Huzhou < Zhoushan < Ningbo < Hangzhou < Shaoxing < Wenzhou < Taizhou < Jinhua < Quzhou < Lishui.3) The impact of the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products on the urban-rural gap shows an overall "inverted U-shaped" development trend with an increase first followed by a decrease.4) The efficiency of the value realization of forest ecological products can influence and narrow the urban-rural gap through the number of non-agricultural employment, agricultural, forestry and water expenditure, and the per capita transfer income of rural residents. Conclusion: All district-divided cities should, according to their respective forest resources, innovate the value added model of forest ecological products, improve the forest ecological compensation mechanism, the marketization promotion mechanism of forest ecological industry and the benefit sharing mechanism of ecological industry development, broaden the path to realize the value of forest ecological products, actively absorb rural labor forces, and improve the level of rural non-agricultural income and forest resource property income, transform the advantages of Zhejiang's forest resources into the advantages of urban and rural common prosperity.

Key words: common prosperity, urban-rural gap, value of ecological product, realization efficiency, inverted U-shape

中图分类号:

S7-9
F064.1

孔凡斌,崔铭烨,徐彩瑶,陆雨,沈月琴. 浙江省森林生态产品价值实现对城乡差距的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(1): 31-43.

Fanbin Kong,Mingye Cui,Caiyao Xu,Yu Lu,Yueqin Shen. Impact of the Realization of Values of Forest Ecological Products on the Urban-Rural Gap in Zhejiang Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(1): 31-43.

图/表 11

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表3

基准回归分析①"

变量 Variable	静态面板回归模型 Static panel regression model				面板矫正标准误模型 Correction standard error of panel model
变量 Variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Efficiency of value realization of forest ecological products	0.110 9^** (0.061)	0.144 1^** (0.060 6)	0.526 6^*** (0.151 6)	0.511 7^*** (0.146 5)	0.111 0^** (0.064 5)	0.144 1^** (0.066 1)	0.526 5^** (0.210 4)	0.5118^*** (0.1849)
森林生态产品价值实现效率平方项 Square term of efficiency in realizing the value of forest ecological products			-0.070 2^*** (0.023 5)	-0.061 8^*** (0.022 5)			-0.070 2^** (0.027 0)	-0.061 8^*** (0.022 9)
国民生产总值 Gross domestic product		-0.623 3 (0.383 6)		-0.613 8^* (0.406 1)		-0.623 3^* (0.378 9)		-0.613 7 (0.381 7)
农村人口数 Rural population		-3.069 3^*** (0.699 9)		-2.906 6^*** (0.690 1)		-3.069 3^*** (0.786 3)		-2.906 6^*** (0.736 5)
第二产业结构 Secondary industrial structure		-1.977 2 (2.714 9)		-2.393 3 (2.671 4)		-1.977 1 (2.295 9)		-2.393 3 (2.291 6)
第三产业结构 Tertiary industry structure		0.564 4 (3.300 7)		0.371 2 (3.243 3)		0.564 4 (2.978 2)		0.371 2 (3.017 1)
年均降水量 Average annual precipitation		0.000 3^** (0.000 1)		0.000 3^** (0.000 1)		0.000 3^* (0.000 1)		0.000 3^* (0.000 1)
年均温 Average annual temperature		-0.129 2 (0.150 9)		-0.139 1 (0.128 4)		-0.129 2 (0.157 8)		-0.117 6 (0.155 5)
森林覆盖率 Forest coverage		-2.252 5 (2.993 7)		-2.219 6 (2.941 1)		-2.252 5 (3.057 1)		-2.219 6 (3.036 0)
森林蓄积量 Forest stock		-0.000 1 (0.000 1)		-0.000 1 (0.000 1)		-0.000 1 (0.000 1)		-0.000 1 (0.000 1)
常数项 Constant	3.206 2^*** (0.136 6)	23.589 3^*** (5.199 2)	3.089 0^*** (0.139 8)	22.690 34^*** (5.118 3)	2.727 8^*** (0.077 7)	24.826 8^*** (6.184 8)	2.6979^*** (0.079 2)	23.984 8^*** (5.956 6)
豪斯曼检验 Hausman	6.78 (0.009 2)	15.93 (0.025 7)	9.32 (0.009 5)	36.61 (0.000 0)
R²	0.257 1	0.401 5	0.287 8	0.425 6	0.780 1	0.822 2	0.789 2	0.829 4

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一级指标 Primary indicators	一级指标权重 Weights of primary indicators	二级指标 Secondary indicators	二级指标权重 Weights of secondary indicators
城乡收入差距₁ Urban-rural income gap	0.134 4	泰尔指数 Theil index	0.134 4
城乡消费差距 Urban-rural consumption gap	0.228 1	恩格尔系数比值 Engel coefficient ratio	0.074 4
城乡消费差距 Urban-rural consumption gap	0.228 1	城乡消费支出比值 Ratio of urban and rural consumption expenditure	0.153 7
城乡公共差距 Public gap between urban and rural areas	0.524 8	城乡医疗床位数比例 Ratio of number of medical beds in urban and rural areas	0.116 4
		城乡教育支出比例 Ratio of urban and rural education expenditure	0.214 3
		城乡低保人数比例 Ratio of people living on subsistence allowances in urban and rural areas	0.194 1
城乡就业差距 Employment gap between urban and rural areas	0.112 7	城乡就业人口比例 Proportion of urban and rural employed population	0.112 7

变量 Variables	样本量 Sample Size	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最小值 Min	最大值 Max
城乡差距 Urban-rural gap	240	2.91	0.84	1.15	5.19
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Efficiency of value realization of forest ecological products	240	0.59	0.57	0.1	6.85
国民生产总值的对数 Logarithm of gross domestic product	240	1.64	0.59	-0.13	2.64
农村人口数的对数 Logarithm of rural population	240	5.23	0.86	3.3	7.71
第二产业结构 Secondary industrial structure	240	0.5	0.06	0.3	0.61
第三产业结构 Tertiary industry structure	240	0.43	0.07	0.3	0.68
年均降水量 Average annual precipitation/mm	240	1 520	327.72	740	2 560
年均温 Average annual temperature/℃	240	18.03	0.79	16.3	19.9
森林覆盖率 Forest coverage	240	0.56	0.24	0.01	0.93
森林蓄积量Forest stock/m³	240	1.906 5×10⁷	1.945 18×10⁷	2.328×10⁵	9.885 83×10⁷
农村居民人均林业收入的对数 Logarithm of per capita forestry income of rural residents	240	0.08	0.04	0.01	0.21
农林水事务支出的对数 Logarithm of expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs	240	3.42	1.54	-0.55	7.29
非农就业人数的对数 Logarithm of nonfarm payrolls	240	5.07	1.01	3.08	7.74
农村居民转移收入比例 Proportion of transferred income of rural residents	240	-3.45	-3.14	-7.65	-0.08

变量 variable	时间趋势系数 Time trend coefficient	变量 variable	时间趋势系数 Time trend coefficient
Effi*Year₂₀₀₁	0.144 3^**(0.059 7)	Effi*Year₂₀₁₃	-1.037 5^***(0.359 2)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₂	-0.042 9(0.167 9)	Effi*Year₂₀₁₄	-1.145 1^***(0.389 5)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₃	-0.235 5(0.178 5)	Effi*Year₂₀₁₅	-1.478 0^***(0.423 2)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₄	-0.272 9(0.188 0)	Effi*Year₂₀₁₆	-1.713 9^***(0.447 4)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₅	-0.399 5^**(0.218 3)	Effi*Year₂₀₁₇	-1.683 0^***(0.479 6)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₆	-0.494 2^**(0.224 4)	Effi*Year₂₀₁₈	-2.104 7^***(0.510 9)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₇	-0.525 3^**(0.246 4)	Effi*Year₂₀₁₉	-2.267 0^***(0.535 1)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₈	-0.529 4^**(0.257 4)	Effi*Year₂₀₂₀	-2.392 7^***(0.560 9)
Effi*Year₂₀₀₉	-0.521 7^**(0.278 3)	Cons	26.258 5^***(4.066 9)
Effi*Year₂₀₁₀	-0.702 1^**(0.306 5)	是否控制变量 Whether to control variables	Yes
Effi*Year₂₀₁₁	-0.755 9^**(0.319 2)	是否控制变量 Whether to control variables	Yes
Effi*Year₂₀₁₂	-0.786 0^**(0.344 0)	拟合优度 within_R²	0.368 2

项目Item	GAP
项目Item	可行的广义最小二乘法 Feasible Generalized Least Squares	更改研究个体 Change Study Individual	将森林生态产品价值实现效率滞后一期处理 Lag the efficiency of value realization of forest ecological products for one Phase
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Efficiency of value realization of forest ecological products	0.061 6^**(0.035 6)	0.724 8^***(0.275 4)	0.291 1^***(0.098 8)
是否控制变量Whether to control variables	Yes	Yes	Yes
是否固定年份效应 Fixed year effect or not	Yes	Yes	Yes
是否固定地区效应 Fixed regional effect or not	Yes	Yes	Yes
R²	0.807 3	0.839 0	0.412 7

项目Item	农村居民人均林业收入 Per capita forestry income of rural residents	非农就业人数 Nonfarm payrolls	农林水事务支出 Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs	农村居民转移收入比例 Proportion of transferred income of rural residents
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Efficiency of value realization of forest ecological products	-0.116 1 (0.111 0)	-0.220 2^*** (0.053 4)	0.065 6^*** (0.022 4)	-0.011 7^*** (0.003 3)
是否控制变量 Whether to control variables	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
R²	0.268 5	0.761 6	0.964 8	0.450 0