冀北山地针阔混交林优势种对邻体物种多样性格局的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220404

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 评估河北小五台山自然保护区以华北落叶松为优势种的针阔混交林不同径级华北落叶松在不同尺度上对邻体物种多样性格局的影响，阐明不同生态过程对华北落叶松邻体物种多样性格局形成的作用，为理解森林群落物种多样性维持机制提供依据。方法: 在河北小五台山自然保护区，选取典型的针阔混交林，建立1块2.4 hm²(80 m×300 m)森林动态监测样地，分析群落的物种组成和结构特征，将群落优势种华北落叶松的胸径(DBH)以3 cm为间距划分为9个径级，利用个体种-面积关系函数(ISARs)结合异质泊松零模型，探讨不同径级华北落叶松在不同尺度上对邻体物种多样性格局的影响。结果: 样地共记录到DBH ≥ 1 cm的木本植物4 275株，隶属17科26属35种。9个径级华北落叶松的个体(共550株)整体呈现出近似正态分布，Ⅴ径级(19~22 cm)个体数最多(92株)。在30 m尺度范围内，9个径级华北落叶松的ISARs值均表现为随尺度增加逐渐增大的趋势，Ⅳ(16~19 cm)和Ⅸ径级(≥ 31 cm)华北落叶松分别表现为在所有尺度上最高的ISARs值和最低的ISARs值。Ⅲ(13~16 cm)、Ⅶ(25~28 cm)和Ⅷ(28~31 cm)径级华北落叶松在所有尺度上与邻体物种多样性的相互作用均表现为中性；其余6个径级华北落叶松对邻体物种多样性的促进或抑制作用均发生在较小尺度(≤11 m)，有5个径级(Ⅰ级： < 10 cm；Ⅱ级：10~13 cm；Ⅳ；Ⅴ；Ⅵ级22~25 cm)的华北落叶松在不同程度上表现出对邻体物种多样性的促进作用，仅有Ⅸ(≥ 31 cm)径级华北落叶松在2~4 m尺度上表现出对邻体物种多样性的抑制作用，随尺度增加均转变为中性作用。结论: 尺度依赖效应显著影响华北落叶松邻体物种多样性格局。虽然中性过程在多个尺度上主导不同径级华北落叶松邻体物种多样性格局，但是较小尺度上的促进作用对华北落叶松邻体物种多样性格局的影响也不可忽视。华北落叶松的Ⅳ和Ⅸ径级阶段对邻体物种多样性格局的形成和维持较为关键。

关键词: 针阔混交林, 华北落叶松, 径级, 物种多样性格局, 个体种-面积关系, 中性过程, 物种间相互作用

Abstract:

Objective: The study was intended to evaluate the effect of different diameter-classes of Larix principis-rupprechtii on diversity pattern of neighbor species at different scales for coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest dominated by L. principis-rupprechtii in the National Nature Reserve of Xiaowutai Mountains of Hebei, and clarify the effect of different ecological processes on the formation of diversity pattern of neighbor species of the L. principis-rupprechtii to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of maintaining species diversity. Method: In the National Nature Reserve of Xiaowutai Mountains of Hebei, a 2.4 hm² (80 m × 300 m) plot for monitoring forest dynamics was established in a typical coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest, and species composition and community structure were analyzed. Based on the distribution of DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) for all individuals, all individuals of dominant species L. principis-rupprechtii were divided into nine DBH classes with a spacing of 3 cm to explore the effect of L. principis-rupprechtii within different diameter-classes on of neighbor species using the individual species-area relationships (ISARs) combined with the heterogeneous Poisson null model. Result: There were 4 275 independent individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm, belonging to 35 species 26 genera 17 families. The structure of L. principis-rupprechtii within each diameter-class all showed approximately normal distribution, in which diameter-class V (19-22 cm) had the largest number of individuals (92). Within a scope of 30 m, the ISARs(r) values of L. principis-rupprechtii of the nine diameter-classes all displayed a increasing tendency with increase of the scope. In addition, ISARs(r) curves of IV (16-19 cm) and IX (≥ 31 cm) diameter-classes showed both maximum and minimum values for all the scopes. L. principis-rupprechtii displayed a neutral impact on the diversity pattern of neighbor species for the three diameter-classes III (13-16 cm), VII (25-28 cm) and VIII (28-31 cm) for all the scopes. Promotional or inhibitory impacts on the diversity of neighbor species all occurred in the small scopes and changed to neutral with increase of the scope. Among the small scopes, five diameter-classes I (< 10 cm), II (10-13 cm), IV, V and VI (22-25 cm) of L. principis-rupprechtii showed promotional impact to some extents, and only diameter-class IX showed an inhibitory impact at the scope of 2-4 m. Conclusion: The scope-dependent impact of L. principis rupprechtii significantly affected the diversity pattern of neighbor species. Although the neutral impact of L. principis-rupprechtii on diversity pattern of neighbor species was the dominant process for different diameter-classes at multiple scales, the promotional impact of L. principis-rupprechtii on the diversity pattern of neighbor speceis at smaller scales is not ignoreable. The IV and IX diameter-classes of L. principis-rupprechtii are the two key growth stages for the formation and maintenance of the diversity pattern of neighbor species.

Key words: coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest, Larix principis-rupprechtii, diameter-class, species diversity pattern, individual species-area relationships, neutral process, biotic interactions

中图分类号:

S718.52

张树梓,尹建庭,任启文,张树彬,王鑫,李联地,毕君. 冀北山地针阔混交林优势种对邻体物种多样性格局的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(4): 32-39.

Shuzi Zhang,Jianting Yin,Qiwen Ren,Shubin Zhang,Xin Wang,Liandi Li,Jun Bi. Effect of Dominant Species on Diversity Pattern of Neighbor Species in Coniferous-Broadleaved Mixed Forest in Northern Hebei Mountains[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(4): 32-39.

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排名 Rank	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	频度 Frequency (%)	胸高断面积 Basal area/m²	重要值 Importance value
1	华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii	550	85.96	21.08	26.50
2	北京丁香Syringa reticulata	1 044	98.25	1.89	13.77
3	白桦Betula platyphylla	323	94.74	7.46	12.94
4	六道木Zabelia biflora	680	94.74	0.42	9.47
5	美蔷薇Rosa bella	387	78.95	0.19	6.34
6	榛Corylus heterophylla	264	66.67	0.29	4.98
7	黄柳Salix gordejevii	185	52.63	1.05	4.48
8	山杨Populus davidiana	166	26.32	1.20	3.42
9	椴树Tilia tuan	166	29.82	1.02	3.39
10	油松Pinus tabulaeformis	34	19.30	1.47	2.35
11	辽椴Tilia mandshurica	116	19.30	0.47	2.10
12	小花溲疏Deutzia parviflora	96	31.58	0.05	2.05
13	糙皮桦Betula utilis	75	15.79	0.43	1.60
14	红瑞木Cornus alba	22	22.81	0.02	1.10

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