大气CO2浓度升高对宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物功能多样性及碳源利用特征的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析大气CO₂浓度升高对宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物功能多样性及碳源利用特征的影响，为宁夏枸杞适应气候变化进行可持续管理提供理论依据。方法: 以宁夏枸杞扦插苗为材料，采用开顶气室设置自然环境大气CO₂浓度[CK，（400±20）μmol·mol^－1]、0.5倍增[TR1，（600±20）μmol·mol^－1]和1倍增[TR2，（800±20）μmol·mol^－1]3个处理宁夏枸杞苗木，分别于处理后的30、60、90、120天采集根区土样，采用BIO-ECO技术分析土壤微生物群落功能多样性及碳源利用特征。结果: 1）CO₂浓度升高均显著提高宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物碳源代谢活性（AWCD），0.5倍增和1倍增大气CO₂浓度AWCD分别比对照提高22.56%、36.45%。2）随着CO₂浓度升高，土壤微生物Shannon指数、McIntosh指数显著增加，而Simpson指数在处理前期增加，但处理中后期无显著变化。3）宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物群落利用并转化的主要碳源为氨基酸类、酯类和胺类碳源；CO₂浓度升高处理下，土壤微生物利用率较大的碳源主要为酯类和胺类，而糖类和酸类利用率较低。其中1倍增大气CO₂浓度下土壤微生物群落对L-精氨酸、L-天冬酰胺酸、吐温-40、苯乙基胺和4-羟基苯甲酸等的利用代谢能力均显著高于对照，但对γ-羟基丁酸的利用代谢能力显著低于对照。4）大气CO₂浓度升高显著影响宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物群落碳源利用率，不同时期将土壤微生物群落划分而起分异作用的主要碳源是糖类和胺类。结论: 大气CO₂浓度升高能使微生物群落的活性及碳源利用率明显增加，并且均提高宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物群落的物种丰富度、物种优势度及群落均匀度，1倍增大气CO₂浓度处理土壤微生物群落代谢活性和多样性最高，六大类碳源中，氨基酸类、酯类和胺类碳源是宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物群落利用并转化的主要碳源。处理60天时（7月份）土壤微生物群落碳源利用率最强。因此，大气CO₂浓度升高是造成宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物群落代谢多样性和碳源利用差异的主要原因。

关键词: 大气CO₂浓度升高, 宁夏枸杞, 土壤微生物群落, BIO-ECO, 碳源利用特征

Abstract:

Objective: This paper studied the differences in the functional diversity and carbon source utilization characteristics of soil microorganisms in the root zone of Lycium barbarum, by which determined the effects of doubled CO₂ concentration on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the root area of L. barbarum, so as to provide theoretical basis for sustainable management of L. barbarum. Method: In this study, the cuttings of L. barbarum(wolfberry) were used as materials. An open-top chamber (OTC) was used to set three CO₂ concentration gradients of atmospheric CO₂ concentration (CK, 400±20 μmol·mol^-1), and 1.5-time atmospheric CO₂ concentration (TR1, 600±20 μmol·mol^-1), and 2-time atmospheric CO₂ concentration(TR2, 800±20 μmol·mol^-1). The wolfberry saplings were subjected to the different CO₂ concentrations. Soil samples were collected from the root zone at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after treatment and analyzed by BIO-ECO technology for the functional diversity of soil microbial communities and the characteristics of carbon source utilization. Result: 1) The microbial carbon source metabolic activity (AWCD) in the root zone of L. barbarum significantly increased with the increase of CO₂ concentration. Compared with the control, the AWCD of 1.5-time and 2.0-time atmospheric CO₂ concentration increased by 22.56% and 36.45%, respectively. 2) With the increase of CO₂ concentration, the Shannon index and McIntosh index of soil microorganisms increased significantly. The Simpson index increased in the early stages of treatment, but there was no significant change in the middle and late stage of treatment. 3) The main carbon source of the soil microbial community in Ningxia wolfberry root zone was amino acids, esters and amines. Under the elevated CO₂ concentration, the carbon sources with higher soil microbial utilization rate were mainly esters and amines, while the utilization rate of sugars and acids was lower. Under 2.0-time atmospheric CO₂ concentration, the utilization and metabolism of L-arginine, L-asparaginic acid, Tween-40, phenethylamine, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were significantly higher than that of the control, but the utilization and metabolism of γ-hydroxybutyric acid were significantly lower than that of the control. 4) The increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration significantly affected the utilization of carbon sources in the soil microbial community in the root zone of wolfberry. Sugars and amines were the main carbon sources that differentiated the soil microbial community in different periods. Conclusion: Elevated CO₂ concentration can significantly increase the activity of microbial communities and the utilization of carbon sources, and all increase the species richness, species dominance, and community uniformity of soil microbial communities in the root zone of wolfberry. The highest metabolic activity and diversity of soil microbial community treated with one time increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration were found. Among the six major types of carbon sources, amino acid, ester and amine carbon sources are the main carbon sources utilized and transformed by the soil microbial community in the root zone of wolfberry. The carbon source utilization rate of soil microbial community is the strongest at 60 days (July). Therefore, the increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration is the main reason for the differences in the metabolic diversity and carbon source utilization of soil microbial communities in the root zone of Lycium barbarum.

Key words: elevated CO₂concentration, Lycium barbarum, soil microbial community, BIO-ECO, carbon source utilization characteristics

中图分类号:

S714.3

谢云,郭芳芸,陈丽华,曹兵. 大气CO₂浓度升高对宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物功能多样性及碳源利用特征的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(4): 163-172.

Yun Xie,Fangyun Guo,Lihua Chen,Bing Cao. Effects of Elevated CO₂ Concentration on Soil Microbial Functional Diversity and Carbon Source Utilization Characteristics in the Root Zone of Lycium barbarum[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(4): 163-172.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

表3

CO2浓度升高处理下宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物PC1、PC2的碳源主成分载荷因子"

碳源类型 Category of carbon source	代称 Synonym	底物 Substrate	30 d- PC1	30 d- PC2	60 d- PC1	60 d- PC2	90 d- PC1	90 d- PC2	120 d- PC1	120 d- PC2
糖类Carbohydrate	A2	β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷β-methyl-D-glucoside	0.149	0.243	—	0.160	0.218	0.053	0.236	0.037
	B2	D-木糖D-xylose	0.139	0.260	0.222	—	—	—	—	—
	E1	α-环状糊精α-cyclodextrin	—	0.028	0.125	0.248	0.083	—	—	—
	F1	肝糖Glycogen	—	—	0.218	—	0.191	—	0.229	—
	G1	D-纤维二糖D-cellobiose	0.210	—	—	0.049	0.202	0.126	—	0.107
	H1	α-D-乳糖α-D-lactose	—	0.087	—	0.085	0.221	0.012	0.160	0.203
	G2	葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐Glucose-1-phosphate	0.193	0.137	0.006	—	0.213	0.081	0.190	0.165
氨基酸类Amino acid	A4	L-精氨酸L-arginine	0.197	—	0.013	0.298	0.130	0.250	0.097	—
	B4	L-天冬酰胺酸L-asparaginic acid	0.210	—	—	—	0.186	—	0.202	0.144
	C4	L-苯基丙氨酸L-phenylalanine	0.205	0.073	0.083	—	0.207	—	0.237	0.029
	D4	L-丝氨酸L-serine	0.201	—	—	—	0.186	0.166	0.155	0.207
	E4	L-苏氨酸L-threonine	0.208	—	—	—	0.205	—	0.213	0.122
	F4	甘胺酰-L-谷氨酸Glycyl-L-glutamic acid	0.208	—	—	0.063	0.206	—	0.227	0.081
酯类Ester	B1	丙酮酸甲酯Methyl pyruvate	0.070	0.326	0.224	—	0.218	—	0.134	—
	C1	吐温-40 Tween-40	0.098	0.305	0.100	0.268	0.146	0.231	0.041	—
	D1	吐温-80 Tween-80	—	0.321	0.212	0.101	0.170	0.197	0.166	—
	A3	D-半乳糖酸γ内酯D-galactoside γ lactone	0.209	0.041	0.211	0.102	0.209	—	0.066	—
醇类Alcohol	C2	I-赤藻糖醇I-erythritol	0.076	0.322	—	0.130	0.217	0.059	0.234	—
	D2	D-甘露醇D-mannitol	0.195	—	—	—	—	0.008	0.068	0.263
	H2	D, L-a-甘油D, L-a-glycerin	0.103	0.301	0.060	0.288	0.214	0.077	0.110	0.243
胺类Amine	G4	苯乙基胺Phenethylamine	0.066	—	0.176	—	—	0.304	0.100	0.249
	H4	腐胺Putrescine	0.152	—	—	0.265	0.118	0.260	—	—
	E2	N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	0.206	0.068	—	—	0.117	—	—	0.219
酸类Acid	B3	D-半乳糖醛酸D-galacturonic acid	0.210	—	—	—	0.052	0.299	0.124	0.234
	C3	2-羟基苯甲酸2-hydroxybenzoic acid	0.171	—	0.183	0.173	—	0.274	—	—
	D3	4-羟基苯甲酸4-hydroxybenzoic acid	0.209	0.040	0.163	—	0.202	—	0.219	—
	E3	γ-羟基丁酸γ-hydroxybutyric acid	0.207	—	0.225	0.001	0.127	0.252	0.057	—
	F3	衣康酸Itaconic acid	0.210	—	—	0.074	0.215	0.071	—	0.207
	G3	α-丁酮酸α-butanone acid	—	0.088	—	0.030	0.158	—	0.232	—
	H3	D-苹果酸D-malic acid	—	0.099	0.216	—	0.216	—	—	0.174
	F2	D-氨基葡萄糖酸D-glucosaminic acid	0.210	0.019	0.224	0.019	0.218	—	0.238	—

表3

图4

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处理Treatment	pH	全碳Total C /(g·kg^-1)	全磷Total P/(g·kg^-1)	全氮Total N/(g·kg^-1)	速效磷Available P/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾Available K/(mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzable N/(mg·kg^-1)	有机质Organic matter/(g·kg^-1)
CK	8.647±0.064a	3.050±0.095a	0.840±0.040a	0.263±0.050a	57.610±0.915a	87.837±0.333a	26.133±0.817a	15.973±1.216a
TR1	8.643±0.035a	3.000±0.040a	0.830±0.029a	0.278±0.023a	56.687±0.704a	86.053±1.315a	25.433±0.650a	15.577±0.803a
TR2	8.737±0.029a	3.007±0.158a	0.877±0.023a	0.327±0.009a	57.723±0.943a	87.477±1.177a	24.850±0.202a	17.350± 0.689a

处理时间 Treatment time/d	处理 Treatment	平均颜色变化率 AWCD	物种丰富度指数 Shannon index(H′)	优势度指数 Simpson index(D)	均匀度指数 McIntosh index(U)	均一度指数 (E)
30	CK	1.014±0.081c	2.573±0.218b	0.807±0.076b	6.472±0.489b	0.813±0.070b
	TR1	1.473±0.034b	3.169±0.015a	0.954±0.005ab	11.112±0.717a	0.982±0.002ab
	TR2	1.673±0.034a	3.469±0.108a	0.970±0.013a	11.447±1.212a	0.921±0.032b
60	CK	1.159±0.124b	2.864±0.089c	0.926±0.034a	7.615±0.475b	0.796±0.053b
	TR1	1.408±0.043ab	3.220±0.008b	0.956±0.007a	13.160±0.778a	0.988±0.002a
	TR2	1.649±0.040a	3.558±0.044a	0.962±0.002a	11.516±1.132a	0.930±0.025a
90	CK	1.020±0.187b	2.844±0.086b	0.949±0.067a	7.945±0.571b	0.870±0.018b
	TR1	1.284±0.116b	3.083±0.098b	0.949±0.007a	9.016±0.942b	0.871±0.015b
	TR2	1.821±0.065a	3.424±0.072a	0.967±0.008a	12.782±1.095a	0.955±0.032a
120	CK	1.085±0.107b	2.697±0.184b	0.720±0.032b	6.922±1.128b	0.748±0.086b
	TR1	1.360±0.014ab	3.172±0.010a	0.954±0.006a	9.138±0.197ab	0.882±0.002ab
	TR2	1.590±0.098a	3.218±0.025a	0.957±0.001a	11.256±1.157a	0.939±0.025a

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Effects of Elevated CO₂ Concentration on Soil Microbial Functional Diversity and Carbon Source Utilization Characteristics in the Root Zone of Lycium barbarum

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