吉林蛟河不同林分腐木甲虫(鞘翅目)多样性分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 阔叶红松林是我国长白山林区顶级植物群落，林内动物、植物种类丰富，分析阔叶红松林及阔叶混交林中腐木甲虫物种组成、多样性，以及林分因子对腐木甲虫的影响，有助于揭示腐木甲虫与森林生境变化的相互关系作用机制，为评价天然林在保持腐木甲虫多样性的作用，以及不同生境对腐木甲虫多样性的影响提供依据。方法: 2012—2013年，每年5月中旬—8月下旬的腐木甲虫活跃期，在吉林蛟河阔叶红松林、杨桦林、水胡林中利用飞翔拦截诱捕器持续采集林内腐木甲虫，通过甲虫的生物学、相关文献资料和数据库确定腐木甲虫种类。结果: 共采集到甲虫39个科239种，其中，腐木甲虫203种，7 465个个体；叩甲科、露尾甲科、隐翅虫科和天牛科的数量和种类较多；四星蜡斑甲和条脊甲在本地首次被采集到。阔叶红松林2个林分中腐木甲虫具有较高的多样性，杨桦林和水胡林中多样性相对较低。不同林分对甲虫的物种数、个体数、丰富度指数和多样性指数均有显著影响。阔叶红松林2个林分中甲虫的物种数、个体数、丰富度指数都显著高于杨桦林和水胡林。郁闭度、平均胸径、每公顷蓄积、每公顷株数、灌木盖度对各类群影响不同，林分的郁闭度、平均胸径、公顷蓄积对大多数腐木甲虫有正向影响。结论: 阔叶红松林内腐木甲虫种类和数量比较丰富，林龄、胸径、蓄积高的阔叶红松林林分腐木甲虫具有较高的多样性，其在维持腐木甲虫多样性方面发挥着重要作用。天牛科的物种数、个体数在阔叶红松林林分中数量都高于杨桦林和水胡林。叩甲科是阔叶红松林中最大的类群，与其他类群不同，其在灌木盖度高和乔木株数多的杨桦林数量较多。

关键词: 腐木甲虫, 多样性, 阔叶红松林, 林分因子

Abstract:

Objective: The mixed forest of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) with broad-leaved tree species is the climax forest community in Changbaishan Mountains of Northeast China. There are abundant animals and plants species. In this paper, the saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) species composition, diversity and the effects of different forest stand factor on the beetles were analyzed in the Korean pine and broad-leaved trees mixed forests. This study aimed to reveal the interaction mechanism between habitat change of forest and saproxylic beetles, as well as to provide basis information for evaluating role of nature forest in protecting the diversity and effects of different habitats on diversity of saproxylic beetles. Method: The saproxylic beetles specimens were collected by flying intercepted traps in Korean pine and broad-leaved trees mixed forests, poplar-birch forests, and ash-walnut forests during the whole active period of the beetles from middle May to late August of 2012 and 2013. The saproxylic beetles were identified by beetles biology, related literature and foreign saproxylic beetles database. Result: Totally 239 beetle species in 39 families were collected, among which 203 species, and 7 465 individuals belonged to saproxylic beetles. The number of the species and individuals of Elateridae, Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae were relatively richer. Helota gemmata and Rhysodes craciulus were collected for the first time in this area. The diversity of saproxylic beetles in two Korean pine and broad-leaved tree mixed forests was higher, while it was lower in poplar-birch forest and ash-walnut forest. The species number, individual number, richness index, diversity index of saproxylic beetles were significantly different in different stands, and they were higher in two Korean pine mixed with broad-leaved tree forests than in poplar-birch forest and ash-walnut forest. The canopy density, mean DBH, hectare stock, hectare stems, and shrub coverage had different effects on different saproxylic beetles groups. The canopy density, mean DBH, hectare stock had positive effects on most saproxylic beetles groups. Conclusion: The number of species and individuals of saproxylic beetles are abundant in the Korean pine with broad-leaved tree forests. The Korean pine mixed with broad-leaved tree forests greater stand age, DBH and stock has higher diversity of the saproxylic beetles, and it may play an important role in maintaining the diversity of saproxylic beetles. The number of species and individuals of Cerambycidae is higher in the Korean pine mixed with broad-leaved tree forests than that in the poplar-birch forest and ash-walnut forest. Elateridae is the largest group in the Korean pine mixed with broad-leaved tree forests, and it is different from other groups, the number of Elateridae is the more abundant in the poplar-birch forest with hectare stems and shrub coverage.

Key words: saproxylic beetles, diversity, Korean pine mixed with broad-leaved tree forests, stand factors

中图分类号:

S758

刘生冬,史佳琦,董诗睿,吴新毅,孟庆繁,李燕,赵红蕊,靳英华. 吉林蛟河不同林分腐木甲虫(鞘翅目)多样性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(1): 121-130.

Shengdong Liu,Jiaqi Shi,Shirui Dong,Xinyi Wu,Qingfan Meng,Yan Li,Hongrui Zhao,Yinghua Jin. Diversity of Saproxylic Beetles(Coleoptera) in Different Forest Stands of Jiaohe, Jilin Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(1): 121-130.

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林分Forest stand	龄组Stand age group	坐标Coordinates	主要树种 Mail tree species
杨桦林 Poplar-birch forest(YHL-I)	中龄林 Middle-age stand	127°42′53″E 43°57′59″N	白桦Betula platyphylla，水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica，胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica，春榆Ulmus japonica，山杨Populus davidiana
水胡林 Ash-walnut forest(SHL-II)	近熟林 Near-mature stand	127°43′12″E 43°57′52″N	水曲柳F. mandshurica，胡桃楸J. mandshurica，山杨P. davidiana，白桦B. platyphylla，春榆U. japonica，红松Pinus koraiensis，长白鱼鳞云杉Picea jezoensis var. komarovii, 色木槭Acer mono
阔叶红松林Ⅲ Korean pine mixed with broad- leaved tree forests(KHL-Ⅲ)	成熟林 Mature stand	127°45′26″E 43°59′33″N	红松P. koraiensis，胡桃楸J. mandshurica，长白鱼鳞云杉Picea jezoensis var. komarovii，水曲柳F. mandshurica，紫椴Tilia amurensis，色木槭A. mono，春榆U. japonica，山杨P. davidiana
阔叶红松林Ⅳ Korean pine mixed with broad- leaved tree forests(KHL-Ⅳ)	成熟林 Mature stand	127°45′22″E 43°58′02″N	红松P. koraiensis，胡桃楸J. mandshurica，长白鱼鳞云杉Picea jezoensis var. komarovii，水曲柳F. mandshurica，紫椴T. amurensis，色木槭A. mono，春榆U. japonica，枫桦B. costata

科Families	物种数 Species number	个体数 Individual number	物种数比例 Species number ratio(%)	个体数比例 Individual number ratio(%)
叩甲科Elateridae	55	27.08	3 026	40.55
隐翅虫科Staphylinidae	19	9.36	1 114	14.93
露尾甲科Nitidulidae	9	4.43	978	13.10
天牛科Cerambycidae	48	23.64	676	9.06
金龟科Scarabaeidae	16	7.88	596	7.98
筒蠹科Lymexylidae	2	0.99	417	5.59
郭公虫科Cleridae	3	1.48	133	1.78
长朽木甲科Melandryidae	3	1.48	104	1.39
象甲科Curculionidae	12	5.91	91	1.22
步甲科Carabidae	11	5.42	83	1.11
扁甲科Cucujidae	2	0.99	57	0.76
阎甲科Histeridae	4	1.97	42	0.56
萤科Lampyridae	2	0.99	36	0.48
赤翅甲科Pyrochroidae	2	0.99	33	0.44
花蚤科Mordellidae	1	0.49	33	0.44
花萤科Cantharidae	3	1.48	21	0.28
锹甲科Lucanidae	3	1.48	12	0.16
吉丁虫科Buprestidae	2	0.99	4	0.05
红萤科Lycidae	2	0.99	3	0.04
大蕈甲科Erotylidae	1	0.49	2	0.03
皮蠹科Dermestidae	1	0.49	2	0.03
蜡斑甲科Helotidae	1	0.49	1	0.01
条脊甲科Rhysodidae	1	0.49	1	0.01
合计Total	203	100	7 465	100

林分Forest stand	杨桦林 YHL-I	水胡林 SHL-II	阔叶红松林Ⅲ KHL-Ⅲ	阔叶红松林Ⅳ KHB-Ⅳ	F_{(3, 20)}	P
郁闭度Canopy density	0.63±0.01c	0.72±0.01b	0.81±0.02a	0.82±0.01a	80.123	0.000
平均胸径Mean DBH/cm	16.1±0.39c	18.2±0.45b	22.2±0.96a	24.3±0.81a	28.517	0.000
每公顷蓄积Hectare stock/m³	174.7±10.14b	185.3±8.11b	229.3±11.05a	245.3±15.55a	8.696	0.001
每公顷株数Hectare stems	1 267±26.25a	1 053±53.12b	827±20.55c	753±12.47c	53.028	0.000
灌木盖度Shrub coverage(%)	45±0.47a	42±0.94a	25±1.25b	28±2.05b	57.276	0.000

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