科尔沁沙地樟子松根内真菌群落结构和功能群特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200910

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 揭示科尔沁沙地樟子松根内真菌群落结构和功能群特征，为樟子松人工林经营管理提供依据。方法: 以科尔沁沙地不同林龄(26、33和43年)樟子松人工林为研究对象，利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序和FUNGuild平台比较分析樟子松根内真菌群落结构和功能群，并探究土壤理化性质对根内真菌多样性和功能群结构的影响。结果: 1)科尔沁沙地樟子松根尖样品共获得832个OTUs，不同林龄沙地樟子松根内真菌多样性无显著差异。2)樟子松根内真菌隶属于5门16纲54目84科165属，且子囊菌门和担子菌门占绝对优势。樟子松根内真菌优势属包括鞘孢属、肉座菌属和Phialocephala。随着林龄的增加，优势属比例下降，常见属比例增加，稀有属比例则相对稳定。3)在樟子松根系中，病理营养型真菌比例随林龄增加而降低，共生营养型真菌比例则随林龄增加而急剧增加，主要表现为乳菇属、糙缘腺革菌属和须腹菌属等外生菌根真菌相对丰度增加。4)土壤理化性质和根内真菌多样性无显著相关性，不同真菌营养型中仅共生营养型真菌相对丰度与土壤含水量显著负相关。结论: 科尔沁沙地樟子松根内真菌物种组成丰富，功能群类型多样，不同林龄根内真菌功能群结构波动主要为病理营养型和共生营养型，土壤理化性质对根内真菌物种多样性的影响不显著。

关键词: 樟子松, 腐生真菌, 病原真菌, 外生菌根真菌, 林龄, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract:

Objective: In this study,the fungal community structure and functional group in the roots of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were characterized to provide fundamental basis for forest management in the Horqin Sandy Land. Method: P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations with different ages (26,33 and 43 a) in the Horqin Sandy Land were targeted. The fungal communities and functional groups in the roots of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were identified by Illumina high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild platform,respectively. And the effects of soil properties on fungal diversities and functional group were also investigated. Result: 1) A total of 832 OTUs of fungi were obtained from root tip samples of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in Horqin sandy land. There were no significant differences in Simpson,Shannon and Pielou index among the different ages of plantations. 2) The root fungi of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in sandy land belonged to 182 genera,84 families,54 orders,16 classes and 5 phyla. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant in all age groups. The dominant genera were Chalara,Hypocrea and Phialocephala. With the increase of stand age,the proportion of dominant genera decreased,while the common genera increased. At the same time,rare genera remained at a stable level. 3) The proportion of pathogenic fungi decreased with age increasing,while the symbiotrophic fungi increased sharply which the mainly included ectomycorrhizal fungi (e.g.,Lactarius,Amphinema and Rhizopogonwere). 4) There was no significant correlation between diversity and soil properties,and relative abundance of symbiotroph had a significant negative correlation with soil water content. Conclusion: The community composition of fungi in the roots of P. sylvestris var. mongolica is abundant,the types of functional groups are diverse. The fluctuation of functional group structure in different age group is mainly affected by pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. No significant correlation is found between fungal diversity and soil properties.

Key words: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, saprotrophic fungi, pathogenic fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, stand age, Horqin Sandy Land

中图分类号:

S718.81

赵珮杉,郭米山,高广磊,丁国栋,张英. 科尔沁沙地樟子松根内真菌群落结构和功能群特征[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(9): 87-96.

Peishan Zhao,Mishan Guo,Guanglei Gao,Guodong Ding,Ying Zhang. Characteristics of Community Structure and Functional Group of Fungi in Roots of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(9): 87-96.

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样地 Plot	平均树高 Average height/m	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	林分密度 Stand density/(plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density
26a	10.26±1.47	16.93±2.81	1 650	0.72
33a	10.61±1.03	14.06±2.44	1 650	0.75
43a	11.12±1.74	21.07±1.02	1 650	0.68

营养型Trophic mode	功能群Guild
病理营养型 Pathotroph	动物病原菌Animal pathogens
	植物病原菌Plant pathogens
	其他病理真菌Other pathogenic fungi
腐生营养型 Saprotroph	粪腐生真菌Dung saprotrophs
	植物腐生真菌Plant saprotrophs
	土壤腐生真菌Soil saprotrophs
	木质腐生真菌Wood saprotrophs
	未定义腐生真菌Undefined saprotrophs
	其他腐生真菌Other saprotrophic fungi
共生营养型 Symbiotroph	丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
共生营养型 Symbiotroph	外生菌根真菌Ectomycorrhizal fungi
	内生真菌Endophytes
	地衣共生真菌Lichenized fungi
其他Other fungi	—

样地Plot	Shannon	Simpson	Pielou
26a	1.66±0.34a	0.64±0.15a	0.37±0.07a
33a	1.76±0.18a	0.65±0.10a	0.39±0.04a
43a	2.04±0.31a	0.72±0.11a	0.44±0.06a

项目Item	Shannon	Simpson	Pielou	病理营养型 Pathotroph	腐生营养型 Saprotroph	共生营养型 Symbiotroph
SWC	-0.282	-0.275	-0.289	-0.064	-0.171	-0.596^*
pH	-0.428	-0.395	-0.369	0.086	-0.220	-0.113
TSP	-0.316	-0.278	-0.281	-0.034	-0.146	-0.406
SOC	0.321	0.086	0.289	-0.357	0.075	0.432
TN	0.031	-0.075	0.050	-0.101	-0.054	0.199
TP	0.359	0.149	0.337	-0.020	0.212	0.444

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