林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 1-11.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200601
申佳艳1,2,李帅锋1,2,黄小波1,2,王绍武3,苏建荣1,2,*
收稿日期:
2019-12-06
出版日期:
2020-06-25
发布日期:
2020-06-24
通讯作者:
苏建荣
基金资助:
Jiayan Shen1,2,Shuaifeng Li1,2,Xiaobo Huang1,2,Shaowu Wang3,Jianrong Su1,2,*
Received:
2019-12-06
Online:
2020-06-25
Published:
2020-06-24
Contact:
Jianrong Su
摘要:
目的: 研究影响金沙江流域云南松生长的关键气候因子及不同海拔处云南松的生态弹性和生长衰退历史,为预测未来极端干扰事件对云南松生长动态的影响提供依据,为该区森林保护提供理论支撑。方法: 用生长锥钻取金沙江流域永仁县不同海拔处云南松树轮样芯,建立不同海拔树轮年表。利用树木径向生长变化百分率研究云南松生长衰退历史,用抵抗力和恢复力指标判断云南松的生态弹性,用响应分析和冗余分析方法研究不同海拔云南松生长与气候因子的关系。结果: 限制云南松径向生长的主要气候因子在低海拔区(1 845 m)和中海拔区(2 340 m)为生长季初期3-5月的月平均气温、降水量、干旱强度以及生长旺季的降水量及干旱强度,在高海拔区(2 740 m)为生长季初期的干旱强度及生长旺季7月的平均气温;过去近150年中,研究区域云南松在1884-1886、1897-1900、1903-1906、1947-1949和2009-2011年间发生了生长衰退;相同时段的径向生长衰退现象在低海拔区域最明显,高海拔区次之,中海拔区较弱;不同海拔的云南松对相同年份极端干旱事件的生态弹性不同,抵抗力表现为中海拔>高海拔>低海拔,恢复力表现为低海拔>高海拔>中海拔;随年份后延,低海拔区云南松应对极端干旱事件的抵抗力在增强,恢复力在下降,中海拔区云南松的抵抗力稳定,恢复力在2012年极端干旱事件时增强,高海拔区云南松的抵抗力和恢复力在研究期内稳定。结论: 接近云南松林分布气候界限环境的树木更易发生径向生长衰退,位于水热条件适宜环境下的云南松抵抗极端事件干扰的能力更强,接近云南松林生长极限环境的树木受极端事件干扰后的恢复能力更强。
中图分类号:
申佳艳,李帅锋,黄小波,王绍武,苏建荣. 金沙江流域不同海拔处云南松生态弹性及生长衰退过程[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(6): 1-11.
Jiayan Shen,Shuaifeng Li,Xiaobo Huang,Shaowu Wang,Jianrong Su. Ecological Resilience and Growth Degradation of Pinus yunnanensis at Different Altitudes in Jinsha River Basin[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(6): 1-11.
表1
不同海拔云南松树轮宽度标准年表(STD)统计特征"
统计特征Statistic characters | 海拔Altitude/m | ||
1 845 | 2 340 | 2 740 | |
样本量(树/样芯)Sample size(trees/cores) | 16/32 | 25/50 | 14/27 |
年表时段Chronology span | 1964—2018 | 1872—2018 | 1895—2018 |
平均敏感度Mean sensitivity | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.21 |
公共区间(年) Common period (year) | 1985—2015 | 1978—2017 | 1982—2015 |
样本总体代表性Expressed population signal | 0.893 | 0.962 | 0.861 |
一阶自相关系数First order autocorrelation | 0.443 | 0.579 | 0.681 |
第一特征向量百分比Variance in first eigenvector(%) | 36.04 | 31.25 | 32.62 |
信噪比Signal-to-noise ratio | 8.36 | 10.13 | 5.53 |
图3
不同海拔云南松树轮宽度标准年表与气候因子的冗余分析 只选取显著相关(P < 0.05)的气候因子Only significant (P < 0.05) climate factors were presented. pT7:上年7月平均气温The mean temperature in July of the previous year; cT9:当年9月平均气温The mean temperature in September of the current year; cP7:当年7月降水量The precipitation in July of the current year; cPDSI 5:当年5月帕尔默干旱指数The Palmer drought index in May of the current year; L-STD:低海拔云南松树轮宽度标准年The tree ring width standard chronology of P. yunnanensis at low altitudes; M-STD:中海拔云南松树轮宽度标准年表The tree ring width standard chronology of P. yunnanensis at medium altitudes; H-STD:高海拔云南松树轮宽度标准年表The tree ring width standard chronology of P. yunnanensis at high altitudes."
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