林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 193-202.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191019
张晓1,2,刘世荣2,*,黄永涛1,傅声雷1
收稿日期:
2018-06-22
出版日期:
2019-10-25
发布日期:
2019-11-26
通讯作者:
刘世荣
基金资助:
Xiao Zhang1,2,Shirong Liu2,*,Yongtao Huang1,Shenglei Fu1
Received:
2018-06-22
Online:
2019-10-25
Published:
2019-11-26
Contact:
Shirong Liu
Supported by:
摘要:
目的: 土壤微生物在维持森林生态系统功能中起着重要作用,研究辽东栎林演替过程中森林土壤微生物群落结构和多样性在演替过程中的变化规律,深入认识森林土壤细菌群落结构恢复和驱动机制。方法: 以太岳山地区皆伐后形成的30、80和150年生次生辽东栎林为对象,于2015年6月每个林型设置为20 m×20 m的森林动态监测样地20个,合计60个,用直径10 cm土钻采集0~10 cm表层土样,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,测定皆伐后自然恢复过程中森林土壤细菌群落的组成、结构和多样性变化。结果: 在辽东栎林自然恢复过程中,随演替阶段进行,变形菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度逐渐增加,而放线菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度逐渐降低,疣微菌门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度没有明显变化。拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度在80年生中龄林显著低于30年生幼龄林,而在150年生老龄林和80年生中龄林间却无显著差异。基于weighted UniFrac距离的主坐标分析表明,幼龄林、中龄林和老龄林的细菌群落结构有显著差异。基于OTU水平的Bray-Curtis相似性进一步证明,幼龄林与老龄林的平均细菌群落相似性为37.9%,中龄林与老龄林的相似性增加到47.2%,表明皆伐后自然恢复过程中不同演替阶段的细菌群落结构表现出逐渐向老龄林恢复的趋势。土壤细菌物种丰富度和系统发育多样性在自然恢复过程中呈递减趋势,幼龄林的土壤细菌物种丰富度和系统发育多样性显著高于老龄林,而中龄林和老龄林的土壤细菌多样性差异并不显著。Chao1指数和种系型多度则表现为幼龄林和中龄林间差异不显著,老龄林则显著降低。方差分解表明,皆伐后不同演替阶段的细菌群落变化和土壤有机质、可溶性碳、土壤总氮和有效氮含量等土壤因子显著相关,其中土壤碳和氮含量对细菌群落结构变化的解释量分别为20.2%和26.3%,未解释的部分为43.4%。结论: 皆伐后辽东栎林演替过程中不同恢复阶段土壤细菌群落结构具有显著差异,幼龄林和老龄林细菌群落结构差异最大,中龄林细菌群落结构与老龄林相似。土壤细菌多样性随着演替的进行呈逐步降低的趋势,幼龄林细菌多样性显著高于中龄林和老龄林,中林龄多样性则更加接近老龄林水平。这说明土壤细菌群落结构和多样性在次生演替过程中具有可预测性。
中图分类号:
张晓,刘世荣,黄永涛,傅声雷. 辽东栎林演替过程中的土壤细菌群落结构和多样性变化[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(10): 193-202.
Xiao Zhang,Shirong Liu,Yongtao Huang,Shenglei Fu. Changes on Community Structure and Diversity of Soil Bacterial Community during the Succession of Quercus wutaishanica[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(10): 193-202.
表1
不同林型的样地植物群落特征①"
林型 Age | 平均树高 Mean height/m | 平均胸径 Mean of DBH/cm | 密度 Stem density (tree·hm-2) | 坡度 Slope degree (°) | 坡向 Slope |
30年生幼龄林30-year-old young forest | 15.2 (6.4) | 12.3 (5.3) | 410 (5.7) | 13.5 (4.5) | 东南Southeast |
80年生中龄林80-year-old middle-aged forest | 18.3 (4.5) | 19.4 (4.7) | 354 (7.1) | 15.8 (4.8) | 东南Southeast |
150年生老龄林150-year-old mature forest | 20.3 (3.8) | 25.5 (4.5) | 284 (5.9) | 14.2 (2.4) | 东南Southeast |
表2
不同恢复阶段土壤理化性质①"
林龄 Stand age | 有机碳 SOC /(g·kg-1) | 可溶性碳 DOC/ (mg·kg-1) | 全氮 TN /(g·kg-1) | 有效氮 AN/ (mg·kg-1) | pH |
30年生幼龄林30-year-old young forest | 28.15(6.8)a | 455.64 (84.25)b | 2.16(0.89)a | 169.17 (48.69)a | 7.0(0.35)a |
80年生中龄林80-year-old middle-aged forest | 36.43(7.6)b | 403.39 (96.14)ab | 2.38(0.61)ab | 204.64 (66.87)b | 7.1(0.28)a |
150年生老龄林150-year-old mature forest | 48.67(5.4)c | 347.25 (69.47)a | 2.94(0.93)b | 267.73 (76.53)c | 6.9(0.22)a |
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