利用红外相机调查海南尖峰岭地区兽类和鸟类多样性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 了解海南尖峰岭自然保护区及周边林区兽类和鸟类本底资源现状，为该区生物多样性保护提供基础数据。方法: 在2014年3月—2015年3月和2015年5—11月，使用红外相机调查海南尖峰岭自然保护区及周边林区的兽类和鸟类多样性。结果: 红外相机调查累计工作量为14 715相机工作日，共拍到5 383张动物有效独立照片，鉴定出隶属6目10科的15种野生兽类和8目17科的33种野生鸟类，以及2种家畜。其中国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物分别为2、8种；被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为极危（CR）、濒危（EN）、易危（VU）和近危（TN）的物种分别有1、3、3和8种。拍摄率最高的前5位野生动物依次为帚尾豪猪（拍摄率CR=7.23）、白腹巨鼠（CR=4.96）、鼬獾（CR=2.54）、白鹇（CR=2.60）、野猪（CR=1.17）。调查中记录到的霜背大鼯鼠、倭花鼠、白喉矶鸫等11个物种为尖峰岭地区新记录种。红外相机记录到大量人类活动的照片，表明该区域人为干扰严重，应加强管理。结论: 本次调查提供尖峰岭地区兽类和鸟类资源信息，初步掌握区内野生动物物种组成、空间分布和相对多度。尖峰岭地区仍然分布有众多野生动物和地方特有物种；人类活动给该区域野生动物带来影响。红外相机调查技术可有效弥补传统调查方法的不足。

关键词: 物种名录, 生物多样性编目, 红外相机调查技术, 野生动物监测, 拍摄率

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to determine the status of wildlife in Jianfengling district of Hainan Province, and provide substantial data for biodiversity conservation. Method: From March 2014 to March 2015 and May to November 2015, the diversity of mammals and birds in Jianfengling Nature Reserve and the surrounding forest areas in Hainan was investigated with infrared cameras. Result: In this study, with an intensive survey effort of 14 715 camera days, a total of 5 383 effective and independent photos of animals were taken. Based on the collected data, 15 wild mammals species belonging to 6 orders and 10 families, and 33 wild birds species belonging to 8 orders and 17 families, and 2 domestic animal species were identified. Among the detected wildlife species, 2 are listed as Class Ⅰ state key protected wild animals and 8 as class Ⅱ, in China. There are 1, 3, 3, and 8 species evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU) and Near Threatened (TN) respectively by Red List of China's Vertebrates. The top five detected wildlife species with the highest shooting rate were Atherurus macrourus, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Melogale moschata, Lophura nycthemera, and Sus scrofa. Total of 11 species were new records in Jianfengling Nature Reserve (e.g. Petaurista philippensis, Tamiops maritimus and Monticola gularis, etc). A large number of photos of human activities were recorded by infrared cameras in the reserve, which showed that human inference was serious in this area, thus management should be strengthened. Objective: This survey provides valuable wildlife information on the resources of mammals and birds in Jianfengling district, and preliminarily grasps the community structure, spatial distribution and relative abundance of wild animals in the area. There are still many endangered wildlife and endemic species in Jianfengling district. Human activities have potential impacts on wildlife. Infrared-triggered camera trapping techniques make up for the shortcomings and limitations of traditional survey methods.

Key words: species list, biodiversity inventory, camera-trapping, wildlife monitoring, capture rate

中图分类号:

S718.65

莫锦华,李佳,刘芳,李晓光,李迪强. 利用红外相机调查海南尖峰岭地区兽类和鸟类多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(10): 203-210.

Jinhua Mo,Jia Li,Fang Liu,Xiaoguan Li,Diqiang Li. A Survey of Mammals and Birds Diversity in Jianfengling District of Hainan Province by Using Camera-Trapping[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(10): 203-210.

图/表 4

表1

图1

表2

表3

尖峰岭地区红外相机拍摄到的鸟类物种"

物种 Species	保护等级 Protection class	CITES附录 CITESAppendix	红色名录 Red List	独立照片数 Number of Independent Photographs	拍摄率 CR
鹳形目Ciconiiformes
鹭科Ardeidae
黑冠鳽Gorsachius melanolophus			NT	1	0.006 8
隼形目Falconiformes
鹰科Accipitridae
松雀鹰Accipiter virgatus	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	LC	2	0.013 6
鸡形目Galliformes
雉科Phasianidae
海南山鹧鸪Arborophila ardens	Ⅰ		EN	21	0.142 7
海南孔雀雉Polyplectron katsumatae	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	EN	52	0.353 4
原鸡Gallus gallus	Ⅱ		NT	10	0.068 0
白鹇Lophura nycthemera	Ⅱ		LC	170	1.155 3
鸻形目Charadriiformes
鹬科Scolopacidae
丘鹬Scolopax rusticola			LC	6	0.040 8
鹃形目Cuculiformes
杜鹃科Cuculidae
噪鹃Eudynamys scolopacea			LC	1	0.006 8
咬鹃目Trogoniformes
咬鹃科Trogonidae
红头咬鹃Harpactes erythrocephalus			NT	1	0.006 8
形目Piciformes
啄木鸟科Picidae
黄嘴栗啄木鸟Blythipicus pyrrhotis			LC	1	0.006 8
雀形目Passeriformes
八色鸫科Pittidae
仙八色鸫Pitta nympha	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	VU	2	0.013 6
蓝背八色鸫Pitta soror	Ⅱ		EN	41	0.278 6
鹎科Pycnonotidae
白喉冠鹎Alophoixus pallidus			LC	2	0.013 6
鸦科Corvidae
灰树鹊Dendrocitta formosae			LC	1	0.006 8
鸫科Turdidae
白眉鸫Turdus obscurus			LC	2	0.013 6
虎斑地鸫Zoothera dauma			LC	27	0.183 5
橙头地鸫Zoothera citrina			LC	53	0.360 2
白喉矶鸫Monticola gularis			LC	1	0.006 8
鹟科Muscicapidae
白腹蓝姬鹟Cyanoptila cyanomelana			LC	1	0.006 8
画眉科Timaliidae
黑领噪鹛Garrulax pectoralis			LC	34	0.231 1
棕颈钩嘴鹛Pomatorhinus ruficollis			LC	7	0.047 6
黑喉噪鹛Garrulax chinensis			LC	4	0.027 2
褐胸噪鹛Garrulax maesi			LC	66	0.448 5
长嘴钩嘴鹛Pomatorhinus hypoleuco			LC	2	0.013 6
栗颈噪鹛Garrulax ruficollis			LC	3	0.020 4
画眉Garrulax canorus		Ⅱ	NT	1	0.006 8
斑颈穗鹛Stachyris striolata			LC	1	0.006 8
灰眶雀鹛Alcippe morrisonia			LC	2	0.013 6
褐顶雀鹛Alcippe brunnea			LC	15	0.101 9
卷尾科Dicruridae
鸦嘴卷尾Dicrurus annectans			LC	2	0.013 6
椋鸟科Sturnidae
灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus			LC	2	0.013 6
扇尾莺科Cisticolidae
纯色山鹪莺Prinia inornata			LC	1	0.006 8
绣眼鸟科Zosteropidae			LC
暗绿绣眼鸟Zosterops japonicus			LC	1	0.006 8

表3

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环境变量 Environment variables	相机位点数 Number of sites	相机日 Camera days
海拔Elevation
200~400 m	6	469
400~600 m	19	1 415
600~800 m	29	2 424
>800 m	23	1 839
植被类型Vegetation
热带半落叶季雨林Tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest	5	289
热带人工混交林Tropical mixtureplantation	5	400
热带常绿季雨林(原始林)Tropical evergreen monsoon forest (primary)	22	1 785
热带常绿季雨林(次生林)Tropical evergreen monsoon forest (secondary)	19	1 735
热带山地雨林(原始林)Tropical montane rain forest (primary)	15	1 068
热带山地雨林(次生林)Tropical montane rain forest (secondary)	11	870

物种 Species	保护等级 Protection class	CITES附录 CITESAppendix	红色名录Red List	独立照片数 Number of independent photographs	拍摄率 CR
攀鼩目Scandentia
树鼩科Tupaiidae
北树鼩Tupaia belangeri			LC	20	0.135 9
灵长目Primates
猴科Ceropithecidae
猕猴Macaca mulatta	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	LC	21	0.142 7
鳞甲目Pholidota
鲮鲤科Manidae
穿山甲Manis pentadactyla	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	CR	3	0.020 4
啮齿目Rodentia
鼠科Muridae
鼠Small rodent			—	835	5.674 5
白腹巨鼠Leopoldamys edwardsi			LC	730	4.960 9
松鼠科Sciuridae
红腿长吻松鼠Dremomys pyrrhomerus			NT	1 054	7.1628
赤腹松鼠Gallosiurus eythraeus			LC	1 054	7.1628
霜背大鼯鼠Petaurista philippensis			LC	87	0.591 2
巨松鼠Ratufa bicolor	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	VU	1	0.006 8
倭花鼠Tamiops maritimus			LC	1	0.006 8
豪猪科Hystricidae
帚尾豪猪Atherurus macrourus			LC	1 064	7.230 7
食肉目Carnivora
鼬科Mustelidae
黄腹鼬Mustela kathiah			NT	1	0.006 8
鼬獾Melogale moschata			NT	361	2.453 3
灵猫科Viverridae
椰子狸Paradoxurus hermaphroditus			VU	114	0.774 7
偶蹄目Cetartiodactyla
猪科Suidae
野猪Sus scrofa			LC	172	1.168 9
鹿科Cervidae
赤麂Muntiacus vaginalis			NT	101	0.686 4
家畜Livestock
家狗Canis lupus familiaris				10	0.068 0
家牛Bos taurus				1	0.006 8