我国城市市树选择应用现状及区域分布特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

市树是城市形象的重要标志和文化名片，科学选用市树对于优化城市人文生态环境、促进地方文化的传承和发展能起到积极的推动作用。本文利用国家林业局2017年全国市树调查统计数据，对我国34个省级行政区域的348个地级以上城市的市树选用情况进行统计分析和归纳汇总，探讨市树的选择程序与确定原则，分析我国市树选择应用整体状况、区域分布特征和市树应用中的有关问题，以期为我国城市市树选择应用与绿化工作提供参考。分析结果表明：我国目前共有245个城市已确定市树，占全部城市总数的70.4%，并有27个城市同时选用两个树种作为市树，其中，北京、天津和重庆三个直辖市及河北、江苏、浙江和江西4个省份的全部地级城市已完成市树的选定工作；从树种组成来看，市树种类涵盖29科56属的81个树种，主要集中在松科、豆科、蔷薇科、木犀科、柏科、樟科等，其中国槐、香樟和银杏是选用率最高的三大市树树种，分别被49、49和19个城市选做市树，占已选定市树城市总数的20.0%、20.0%和7.8%，同时，榕树、黄葛树和小叶榕等也是南方城市常用的市树种类；从地理区位的比较来看，我国北方地区城市选用国槐、雪松、油松、榆、垂柳和白蜡等树种作为市树较多，长江流域沿线城市市树选用香樟、油樟、栾树、玉兰等树种较多，东南沿海地区城市选择香樟、凤凰木、扁桃树、桂花等树种作为市树的城市较多；我国不同区域城市的市树选择各具特色，华北、西北地区国槐选用率最高，分别占该区域内已选定市树城市总数的53.3%和50.0%，华中、华东地区香樟选用率最高，分别占该区域内已选定市树城市总数的46.2%和20.3%，而港澳台地区则与华南地区城市在市树选择上有一定的相似性，其重合度达50%。同时，市树选用过程中还存在应用不广泛、运用不合理、名称不规范等诸多问题，科学规范地选用市树仍是我国城市绿化建设过程需要进一步加强的发展方向。

关键词: 市树, 树种, 分布, 问题

Abstract:

Objective: The scientific selection of city trees is still an important work in the future.Based on the statistical data of the Municipal Tree Survey of the State Forestry Administration in 2017 and related data, the selection of city-trees in 348 cities above prefecture level in China was summarized, and the characteristics of overall application, species selection and regional distribution, application problems of city-trees were analyzed.In order to provide a basis for tree species selection and greening work in cities in China.The analysis results are as follows, there are 245 selected city-trees in China, accounting for 70.4% of the total number of cities, and 27 cities choose two type of city-trees at the same time; all prefecture-level cities in Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and other provinces, as well as Beijing, Tianjin, and Chongqing, have selected city-trees; from the tree species composition, the city-trees cover 81 species of 29 families and 56 genera, mainly concentrated in Pinaceae. Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Oleaceae, Cypress, and Lauraceae plants, among which Sophora japonica, Cinnamomum camphora, and Ginkgo biloba were selected by 49, 49, and 19 cities, respectively. Ficus is the most commonly used urban tree species in southern cities. From the geographical location, the choice of urban trees in different regions has its own characteristics, while in northern cities, S. japonica, cedrus and ginkgo are selected as the most popular ones. Pinus tabulaeformis, elm and weeping willow are more used as city-trees, C. camphora, C.longepaniculatum, Koelreuteria paniculata and magnolia are more used in the Yangtze River valley, camphor, phoenix wood, almond and osmanthus are more used in the southeastern coastal areas, among which the frequency of using S. japonica as city-tree in North China and Northwest China was 53.3% and 50.0% respectively, and the frequency of using camphor tree in central and Eastern China were 46.2% and 20.3% respectively. In the process of choosing city trees, there are still some problems in many cities, such as the application of city trees is not extensive, the use is unreasonable, and the name is not standardized. It is urgent to improve the greening in cities.

Key words: city-tree, selection and application, tree species, distribution, problem

中图分类号:

郄光发,曹丽雯,刘宏明,范欣. 我国城市市树选择应用现状及区域分布特征[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(10): 76-87.

Guangfa Qie,Liwen Cao,Hongming Liu,Xin Fan. Current Situation and Regional Distribution of City-Trees in China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(10): 76-87.

图/表 9

表1

我国市树树种应用状况①"

序号 No.	市树名称 City-tree	科 Family	属 Genus	应用城市数量 Number of cities
1	国槐Sophora japonica	豆科Leguminosae	槐属Sophora	49
2	香樟Cinnamomum camphora	樟科Lauraceae	樟属Cinnamomum	49
3	银杏Ginkgo biloba	银杏科Ginkgoaceae	银杏属Ginkgo	19
4	雪松Cedrus deodara	松科Pinaceae	雪松属Cedrus	8
5	油松Pinus tabulaeformis	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	6
6	广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora	木兰科Magnoliaceae	木兰属Magnolia	6
7	榕树Ficus spp.	桑科Moraceae	榕属Ficus	6
8	凤凰木Delonix regia	豆科Leguminosae	凤凰木属Delonix	6
9	桂花Osmanthus fragrans	木犀科Oleaceae	木犀属Osmanthus	6
10	榆树Ulmus pumila	榆科Ulmaceae	榆属Ulmus	5
11	垂柳Salix babylonica	杨柳科Salicaceae	柳属Salix	5
12	法桐Platanus orientalis	悬铃木科Platanaceae	悬铃木属Platanus	4
13	柳树Salix spp.	杨柳科Salicaceae	柳属Salix	4
14	黄葛树Ficus virens	桑科Moraceae	榕属Ficus	4
15	白蜡Fraxinus chinensis	木犀科Oleaceae	梣属Fraxinus	3
16	樟子松(欧洲赤松) Pinus sylvestris	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	3
17	红花紫荆Bauhinia variegata	豆科Leguminosae	羊蹄甲属Bauhinia	3
18	荔枝树Litchi chinensis	无患子科Sapindaceae	荔枝属Litchi	3
19	玉兰Magnolia denudate	木兰科Magnoliaceae	木兰属Magnolia	3
20	扁桃树Mangifera persiciforma	漆树科Anacardiaceae	杧果属Mangifera	3
21	小叶榕Ficus concinna	桑科Moraceae	榕属Ficus	3
22	黑松Pinus thunbergii	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	2
23	云杉Picea asperata	松科Pinaceae	云杉属Picea	2
24	沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia	胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae	胡颓子属Elaeagnus	2
25	合欢Albizia julibrissin	豆科Leguminosae	合欢属Albizia	2
26	桃树Amygdalus persica	蔷薇科Rosaceae	桃属Amygdalus	2
27	枫树Acer palmatum	槭树科Aceraceae	槭属Acer	2
28	红松Pinus koraiensis	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	2
29	侧柏Platycladus orientalis	柏科Cupressaceae	侧柏属Platycladus	3
30	刺桐树Erythrina variegata	豆科Leguminosae	刺桐属Erythrina	2
31	枣树Ziziphus jujuba	鼠李科Rhamnaceae	枣属Ziziphus	2
32	女贞Ligustrum lucidum	木犀科Oleaceae	女贞属Ligustrum	2
33	水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides	杉科Taxodiaceae	水杉属Metasequoia	2
34	白兰树Michelia alba	木兰科Magnoliaceae	含笑属Michelia	2
35	椰子树Cocos nucifera	棕榈科Arecaceae	椰子属Cocos	2
36	绒毛白蜡Fraxinus velutina	木犀科Oleaceae	梣属Fraxinus	1
37	小叶杨Populus simonii	杨柳科Salicaceae	杨属Populus	1
38	白皮松Pinus bungeana	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	1
39	柏树(侧伯) Platycladus orientals	柏科Cupressaceae		1
40	苹果树Malus pumila	蔷薇科Rosaceae	苹果属Malus	1
41	汉桂Osmanthus fragrans	木犀科Oleaceae	木犀属Osmanthus	1
42	七叶树Aesculus chinensis	七叶树科Hippocastanaceae	七叶树属Aesculus	1
43	大叶榆Ulmus laevis	榆科Ulmaceae	榆属Ulmus	1
44	杨柳(旱柳) Salix matsudana	杨柳科Salicaceae	柳属Salix	1
45	南果梨Pyrus ussuriensis	蔷薇科Rosaceae	梨属Pyrus	1
46	桧柏Sabina chinensis	柏科Cupressaceae	圆柏属Sabina	1
47	五角枫(色木槭) Acer mono	槭树科Aceraceae	槭属Acer	1
48	杏树Armeniaca vulgaris	蔷薇科Rosaceae	杏属Armeniaca	1
49	长白赤松(长白松) Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestri	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	1
50	龙柏Sabina chinensis	柏科Cupressaceae	圆柏属Sabina	1
51	糖槭树Acer saccharum	槭树科Aceraceae	槭属Acer	1
52	木瓜树Chaenomeles sinensis	蔷薇科Rosaceae	木瓜属Chaenomeles	1
53	刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia	豆科Leguminosae	刺槐属Robinia	1
54	琅琊榆Ulmus chenmoui	榆科Ulmaceae	榆属Ulmus	1
55	黄山松(台湾松) Pinus taiwanensis	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	1
56	香榧Torreya grandis	红豆杉科Taxaceae	榧树属Torreya	1
57	南方红豆杉Taxus chinensis	红豆杉科Taxaceae	红豆杉属Taxus	1
58	舟山新木姜子Neolitsea sericea	樟科Lauraceae	新木姜子属Neolitsea	1
59	黄花槐Sophora xanthantha	豆科Leguminosae	槐属Sophora	1
60	相思树Acacia confuse	豆科Leguminosae	金合欢属Acacia	1
61	紫荆Cercis chinensis	豆科Leguminosae	紫荆属Cercis	1
62	橘树Citrus reticulata	芸香科Rutaceae	柑橘属Citrus	1
63	台湾山樱Cerasus serrulata	蔷薇科Rosaceae	樱属Cerasus	1
64	栾树Koelreuteria paniculata	无患子科Sapindaceae	栾树属Koelreuteria	1
65	杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens	杜英科Elaeocarpaceae	杜英属Elaeocarpus	1
66	红树Rhizophora apiculata	红树科Rhizophoraceae	红树属Rhizophora	1
67	蒲葵Livistona chinensis	棕榈科Arecaceae	蒲葵属Livistona	1
68	梧桐Firmiana platanifolia	梧桐科Sterculiaceae	梧桐属Firmiana	1
69	秋枫Bischofia javanica	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	秋枫属Bischofia	1
70	酸豆Tamarindus indica	豆科Leguminosae	酸豆属Tamarindus	1
71	阴香Cinnamomum burmanni	樟科Lauraceae	樟属Cinnamomum	1
72	龙眼Dimocarpus longan	无患子科Sapindaceae	龙眼属Dimocarpus	1
73	塔柏Sabina chinensis	柏科Cupressaceae	圆柏属Sabina	1
74	三叶树Bischofa polycarpa	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	秋枫属Bischofia	1
75	油樟Cinnamomum longepaniculatum	樟科Lauraceae	樟属Cinnamomum	1
76	樱花Cerasus yedoensis	蔷薇科Rosaceae	樱属Cerasus	1
77	竹子(竹亚科) Bambusoideae	禾本科Poaceae	竹属Bambusoideae	1
78	天山云杉Picea asperata	松科Pinaceae	云杉属Picea	1
79	台湾五叶松(台湾松) Pinus taiwanensis	松科Pinaceae	松属Pinus	1
80	枫香Liquidambar formosana	金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae	枫香树属Liquidambar	1
81	泡桐树Paulownia fortunei	玄参科Scrophulariaceae	泡桐属Paulownia	1

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

华东地区市树应用情况"

序号 Serial number	市树 City-tree	应用城市数量 Applying the number of cities	应用城市 Application cities
1	香樟Cinnamomum camphora	14	无锡市Wuxi、苏州市Suzhou、安庆市Anqing、芜湖市Wuhu、池州市Chizhou、杭州市Hangzhou、宁波市Ningbo、金华市Jinhua、嘉兴市Jiaxing、衢州市Quzhou、台州市Taizhou、漳州市Zhangzhou、龙岩市Longyan、马鞍山市Ma’anshan
2	银杏Ginkgo biloba	11	日照市Rizhou、临沂市Linyi、莱芜市Laiwu、徐州市Xuzhou、扬州市Yangzhou、泰州市Taizhou、盐城市Yancheng、宿州市Suzhou、淮北市Huaibei、湖州市Huzhou、连云港市Lianyungang
3	国槐Sophora japonica	9	济宁市Jining、淄博市Zibo、泰安市Taian、莱芜市Laiwu、潍坊市Weifang、烟台市Yantai、宿迁市Suqian、蚌埠市Bengbu、淮北市Huaibei
4	广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora	5	南通市Nantong、镇江市Zhenjiang、常州市Changzhou、合肥市Hefei、六安市Lu’an
5	雪松Cedrus deodara	4	青岛市Qingdao、南京市Nanjing、淮安市Huai’an、蚌埠市Bengbu
6	法桐Platanus orientalis	2	淄博市Zibo、淮南市Huainan
7	枣树Ziziphus jujuba	2	枣庄市Zaozhuang、德州市Dezhou
8	柳树Salix spp.	2	济南市Jinan、扬州市Yangzhou
9	榕树Ficus spp.	2	温州市Wenzhou、福州市Fuzhou
10	垂柳Salix babylonica	1	芜湖市Wuhu
11	合欢Albizia julibrissin	1	威海市Weihai
12	木瓜树Chaenomeles sinensis	1	菏泽市Heze
13	白蜡Fraxinus chinensis	1	东营市Dongying
14	女贞Ligustrum lucidum	1	盐城市Yancheng
15	刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia	1	阜阳市Fuyang
16	泡桐树Paulownia fortunei	1	亳州市Bozhou
17	琅琊榆Ulmus chenmoui	1	滁州市Chuzhou
18	黄山松(台湾松)Pinus taiwanensis	1	黄山市Huangshan
19	香榧Torreya grandis	1	绍兴市Shaoxing
20	南方红豆杉Taxus chinensis	1	丽水市Lishui
21	舟山新木姜子Neolitsea sericea	1	舟山市Zhoushan
22	凤凰木Delonix regia	1	厦门市Xiamen
23	红花紫荆Bauhinia variegata	1	三明市Sanming
24	黄花槐Sophora xanthantha	1	三明市Sanming
25	刺桐树Erythrina variegata	1	泉州市Quanzhou
26	相思树Acacia confuse	1	漳州市Zhangzhou
27	荔枝树Litchi chinensis	1	莆田市Putian

表5

表6

表7

表8

表9

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