林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 142-154.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180417
李梅, 黄世能, 陈祖旭, 马星宇, 金文云
收稿日期:
2017-03-22
修回日期:
2017-05-07
出版日期:
2018-04-25
发布日期:
2018-05-28
基金资助:
Li Mei, Huang Shineng, Chen Zuxu, Ma Xingyu, Jin Wenyun
Received:
2017-03-22
Revised:
2017-05-07
Online:
2018-04-25
Published:
2018-05-28
摘要: 介绍药用乔木树种学名及科属分类演变、形态特征、生活习性和天然分布,综述其药用、资源、栽培研究进展和现状,指明其当前研究和应用所面临的问题和解决办法,并对其开发利用前景进行展望。关于猴耳环的研究多集中在药材鉴别、化学成分、药理药效、临床疗效、药品制剂及质量监控等方面,其根、枝、叶、果实均可入药,具有清热解毒、凉血消肿、去湿敛疮等功效,主要含黄酮类、儿茶酚类和鞣质等化合物,已成功提纯并鉴别出的化学成分有40多种,经过验证的有效药用成分主要为没食子酸、槲皮素、槲皮甘等。已通过临床验证并推广使用的猴耳环复方制剂有正胃片,单一制剂药物有猴耳环消炎片、消炎胶囊、消炎颗粒等,这些药物既可单独又能辅佐用于治疗上呼吸道感染、急性咽喉炎、急性扁桃体炎和急性肠胃炎等症,且疗效显著。猴耳环药材需求量越来越多,而现有商品药材几乎都来源于野生资源,过度的采伐利用已使野生资源急剧减少,药材原料严重供不应求。目前对猴耳环种子贮藏、萌发及实生苗培育技术和扦插、组培繁殖技术等培育方面的相关研究和技术尚不成熟,还需要进一步改进和完善。猴耳环不仅在人类健康用药方面前景广阔,而且在研制生物源农药、用于园林绿化、木材加工和发展林业经济等方面也有较高的发展潜力,全方位开发和利用猴耳环树种资源意义重大。总之,保护现有猴耳环野生资源,改进和完善其栽培技术是当务之急;多领域交叉合作、共同研究和全方位开发利用猴耳环是未来发展趋势;培育符合未来发展方向的良种资源,提高全树综合利用技术水平,是未来研究重点;建立大型猴耳环生产基地,进行多目标定向经营和产业化利用,是猴耳环树种全方位造福人类社会的最终发展目标。
中图分类号:
李梅, 黄世能, 陈祖旭, 马星宇, 金文云. 药用乔木树种猴耳环研究现状及开发利用前景[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(4): 142-154.
Li Mei, Huang Shineng, Chen Zuxu, Ma Xingyu, Jin Wenyun. The Research Status and Utilization Prospect of Medicinal Tree Species of Archidendron clypearia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(4): 142-154.
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