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林业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (9): 133-142.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170916

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

覆盖经营对雷竹林土壤细菌群落结构演变及多样性的影响

翟婉璐, 钟哲科, 高贵宾, 杨慧敏   

  1. 国家林业局竹子研究开发中心 杭州 310012
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-14 修回日期:2016-09-12 出版日期:2017-09-25 发布日期:2017-10-24
  • 基金资助:
    林业公益性行业科研专项(201504407)。

Influence of Mulching Management on Soil Bacterial Structure and Diversity in Phyllostachys praecox Stands

Zhai Wanlu, Zhong Zheke, Gao Guibin, Yang Huimin   

  1. China National Bamboo Research Center Hangzhou 310012
  • Received:2016-01-14 Revised:2016-09-12 Online:2017-09-25 Published:2017-10-24

摘要: [目的]研究覆盖对雷竹林土壤细菌群落结构及多样性的影响,为科学评价该种植模式的生态风险提供科学依据。[方法]调查并采集不同覆盖年限(0、3、6、9、12年)雷竹林土样,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术分析16S rDNA土壤细菌基因V3-V4区域,鉴定细菌类群,并结合测定土壤的N、P和有机质等化学指标分析覆盖经营土壤细菌群落结构演变及多样性影响。[结果]1)测序共获得598个OTUs,计280 548条读数,平均读长453.5 bp。调查林地土壤细菌优势门为变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门(平均相对丰度分别为30.80%、22.0%和13.9%)。2)不同覆盖年限土样的多样性指数及丰度指数存在较大差异。覆盖初期,随着覆盖物的投入,林分土壤细菌的多样性指数及丰度指数均呈增加趋势,在覆盖6年时达到最大值,之后则呈现一定程度的下降,覆盖12年与覆盖初期无较大差别。3)覆盖对土壤微生物群落结构造成一定影响,未覆盖林地土壤细菌群落结构与覆盖后林地出现差异;变形菌门丰度由17.60%(对照)上升为37.77%(覆盖12年),酸杆菌门丰度呈现下降的趋势,而放线菌门丰度变化很小。4)覆盖造成的土壤理化性质的改变在一定程度上对细菌群落结构可造成影响,随着覆盖时间的增加,细菌菌落结构与土壤环境的关系也趋于复杂化,覆盖造成土壤严重酸化,对照和覆盖12年的pH值分别为5.23和3.42,但土壤中的嗜酸菌群落酸杆菌门的丰度反而出现下降的趋势。5) RDA分析排序轴前两轴解释了覆盖竹林土壤微生物群落变异的88.5%,土壤中各细菌种群对土壤环境因子变化的适应性不同,土壤中速效K、全N和有机质的积累会提高Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes的相对丰度,土壤酸化会降低Chloroflexi的相对丰度。[结论]竹林覆盖经营对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性产生较大的影响,短期覆盖(小于6年)能增加土壤细菌的丰度和多样性,但随着覆盖时间增加,土壤细菌的丰度和多样性下降,土壤各环境因子的变化会对覆盖竹林土壤微生物群落结构造成影响,对土壤中微生物多样性的研究能够从微生物角度分析土壤退化程度,为竹林土壤修复提供理论依据。

关键词: 雷竹, 林地覆盖, 土壤微生物, 细菌多样性, 时间变化

Abstract: [Objective] In order to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the management measure of Phyllostachys praecox stand with mulching in winter, the impact of mulching on soil bacterial structure and biodiversity was studied.[Method] Soil samples from P. praecox stands with different mulching age (0, 3 a, 6 a, 9 a, 12 a) at Jinshan, Yuhang, Zhejiang Province were collected. V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA from soil bacteria were sequenced by Illumina Miseq High Throughput Sequencing technique and soil bacterial groups were identified. The soil nutrient indexes such as total N, total P and OM were analyzed with standard experimentalmethod. The impact on soil bacterial community and diversity through mulching management were analyzed.[Result] 1) There were 280 548 bacterial 16S rDNA sequences and 598 OTU types obtained from the soil samples. The dominant bacterial communities at phyum level were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, and their relative abundance was 30.80%, 22.0% and 13.9%, respectively. 2) The diversity (Shannon Wiener Index) and abundance (Ace Index) of soil bacterial community showed a greater difference among different mulching ages. At the initial stage Shannon Wiener index and Ace showed increasing tendency with the mulching age. These indexes reached the maximum at 6 years of mulching. After that time these indexes showed a decline, and these values were very close to the control at the 12 years of mulching. 3) The mulching management showed certain impact on the bacterial structure in the soil. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was raised from 17.60%(CK) to 37.77%(12 a), and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria showed a downward trend, while the Actinobacteria hadlittle change. 4) The changes of soil physical and chemical property caused by mulching management influenced the bacterial community structure. With the increase of mulching time, the relationship between the bacterial structure and the environmental factors became more complicated. Mulching management caused a severe soil acidification. The pH of the soil in control and 12 a mulching were 5.23 and 3.42, respectively. However, the abundance of Acidobacteria in the soil, which is known as a kind of acidophil bacteria, was decreased. 5) The first two RDA axes collectively explained 88.5% of the species-environment variation. The diversity of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes was correlated with available K, total N and OM. The diversity of Chloroflexi was correlated with pH.[Conclusion] This study showed that the mulching management had a marked influence on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities. The short-term mulching (less than 6 a) could increase the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria. However, with the increase of mulching age, the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria were decreased. Theresult indicated that the soil bacterial community was closely related to environmental variables.Changes of soil environmental factors will affect the soil bacterial community's structure. Analysis of soil bacterial diversity in soil can analyze the degree of soil degradation from the view of microorganism, and provide theoretical basis for soil remediation of P. praecox stands.

Key words: Phyllostachys praecox, mulching management of bamboo stand, soil microbe, bacterial biodiversity, temporal change

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