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林业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 24-32.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141004

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

贝壳堤岛酸枣树干液流及光合参数对土壤水分的响应特征

夏江宝1, 张淑勇2, 朱丽平3, 赵自国1, 赵艳云1   

  1. 1. 滨州学院 山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室 滨州 256603;
    2. 山东农业大学林学院 山东省土壤侵蚀与生态修复重点实验室 泰安 271018;
    3. 北京林业大学水土保持学院 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2013-06-28 修回日期:2014-08-17 出版日期:2014-10-25 发布日期:2014-11-12
  • 通讯作者: 张淑勇
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(31100468和31370702);山东省高校科研发展计划项目(JBLC03)。

Response Characteristics of Stem Sap Flow and Leaf Photosynthesis of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosus in Response to Soil Moisture in Shell Ridge Island

Xia Jiangbao1, Zhang Shuyong2, Zhu Liping3, Zhao Ziguo1, Zhao Yanyun1   

  1. 1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University Binzhou 256603;
    2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018;
    3. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
  • Received:2013-06-28 Revised:2014-08-17 Online:2014-10-25 Published:2014-11-12

摘要:

以贝壳堤岛的建群种4年生酸枣为材料,模拟贝壳砂生境系列水分梯度,采用基于茎热平衡法的Dynamax包裹式茎流计和CIRAS-2光合作用仪,测定分析酸枣树干液流及光合特性对土壤水分的响应特征。结果表明: 贝壳砂生境酸枣树干液流及叶片光合参数对土壤水分具有阈值响应。酸枣树干液流速率、日累积液流量及树干液流密度均随土壤水分的减小先升高后降低,在土壤相对含水量(Wr)为61.6%时,日液流量达到最高值95.91 g·d-1,Wr为90.1%和16.5%时的日液流量分别比最高值下降35.7%和94.8%。在高水分条件和干旱胁迫下,酸枣日耗水量均表现为下降趋势,但干旱胁迫比高水分条件更易导致酸枣苗木液流速率及日耗水量下降。各水分条件下,酸枣液流速率日动态呈现具有一定宽度的单峰型,昼夜差异明显,在9:00—15:00形成高峰平台, 19:00—5:30树干液流停止。随干旱胁迫的加重,酸枣树干液流启动和达到峰值时间滞后,结束时间提前,日蒸腾作用时间缩短; 活跃期由一天中由12.5 h缩短至8.0 h,日蒸腾耗水量明显降低,对干旱胁迫表现出一定的水分生理调节能力和适应性。酸枣叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)随Wr的增加先升高后降低,而水分利用效率(WUE)先降低后升高,即低水分和高水分条件下,酸枣叶片光合生产能力低,但表现出高效用水的生理特性。Pn最高值15.07 μmol·m-2s-1Tr最高值8.56 mmol·m-2s-1、WUE最高值4.40 μmol·mmol-1分别出现在Wr为61.6%,52.2%和83.3%时。酸枣树干液流及光合参数随Wr的变化表明,贝壳砂生境酸枣表现出一定的耐干旱不耐水湿的特性。

关键词: 酸枣, 液流, 耗水, 光合参数, 贝壳砂, 土壤水分

Abstract:

The characteristics of stem sap flow and photosynthe sis parameters in leaves of four-year-old Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosus, which was grown in shell ridge island, were studied under different soil water regimes with a packaged stem sap flow gauge based on stem-heat balance method and a CIRAS-2 portable photosynthesis system. The objective was to investigate the change pattern of stem sap flow and photosynthesis of leaves of Z. jujuba leaves in response to soil water conditions. The results showed that soil moisture had threshold effect on the stem sap flow and photosynthetic parameters of Z. jujuba. The stem sap flow velocity, diurnal cumulative sap flow flux and sap flow density all increased at first and then decreased with decreasing soil water content. The maximum daily sap flow flux (95.91 g·d-1) was observed at the relative soil water content (Wr) of 61.6%, and the daily stem sap flow flux decreased by 35.7% and 94.8% at a Wr of 90.1% and 16.5% respectively. The daily water consumption declined under high soil water content and drought stress conditions, while drought stress had a more significant effect on the decrease of stem sap flow velocity and daily water consumption than high soil water content. The diurnal changes of stem sap flow velocity showed a wide single-peaked curve under all soil water condition. There were significant differences in stem sap flow between day and night were observed, and the stem slap flow maintained high levels during 9:00—15:00 and stopped during 19:00—5:30. With aggravation the aggravating of drought stress, stem sap flow started and reached the daily peak value later, and stopped earlier; The daily active time shorter from 12.5 h to 8.0 h, implying a shorten daily transpiration period, leading to a decrease of daily transpiration water consumption, which indicated a water physiological adaptability of Z. jujuba to drought stress. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) in of Z. jujuba leaves increased first and then decreased with increasing Wr, while the water use efficiency (WUE) exhibited a trend opposite to that of Pn and Tr. Namely, under lower and higher water conditions, the photosynthetic production of leaves of Z. jujuba was low, but the water use efficiency was high. The maximum value of Pn (15.07 μmol·m-2s-1), Tr (8.56 mmol·m-2s-1), and WUE (4.40 μmol·mmol-1) was observed at an Wr of 61.6%, 52.2% and 83.3%, respectively. The changes of stem sap flow and leaf photosynthetic parameters under variant soil water content indicated that Z. jujuba growing in shell sand habitat exhibited a certain tolerance to drought, but not to waterlogging.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosus, sap flow, water consumption, photosynthetic parameters, shell sand, soil water

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