氮磷配施促进杉木生长和材质稳定性：来自长期施肥试验的启示

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250653

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 36-45.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250653

氮磷配施促进杉木生长和材质稳定性：来自长期施肥试验的启示

李达海¹,卜文圣¹,杨风亭^2,³,孟盛旺^2,³,高德才^2,³,寇亮^2,³,王辉民^2,³,付晓莉^1,^2,^3,*()

1. 江西农业大学林学院　亚热带森林资源培育江西省重点实验室　南昌 330045
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所　生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室千烟洲生态站　北京 100101
3. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院　北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-10-30 修回日期:2025-12-28 出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-06-13
通讯作者: 付晓莉 E-mail:fuxl@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目（2022YFD，2201500）；江西省“双千计划”（jxsq2023102215）。

Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Enhance the Growth and Wood Quality Stability of Chinese Fir: Insights from a Long-Term Fertilization Experiment

Dahai Li¹,Wensheng Bu¹,Fengting Yang^2,³,Shengwang Meng^2,³,Decai Gao^2,³,Liang Kou^2,³,Huimin Wang^2,³,Xiaoli Fu^1,^2,^3,*()

1. Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation　College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University　Nanchang 330045
2. Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic　Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences　Beijing 100101
3. College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences　Beijing 100049

Received:2025-10-30 Revised:2025-12-28 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-06-13
Contact: Xiaoli Fu E-mail:fuxl@igsnrr.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究不同施肥措施对杉木生长和材性参数及其稳定性的影响，为杉木高品质大径材培育与可持续经营提供理论依据。方法: 依托杉木人工林长期施肥试验平台，设置对照、单施氮（100 kg·hm^–2a^–1）、单施磷（50 kg·hm^–2a^–1）和氮磷配施（100 kg·hm^–2a^–1氮＋50 kg·hm^–2a^–1磷）4种处理，于2012年开始，每年分4次（3、6、9、12月，比例分别为30%、30%、20%、20%）进行施肥。氮肥和磷肥分别以硝酸铵和磷酸二氢钠的形式，与河沙混合均匀施入。采用树木年轮学方法测定2011—2023年逐年年轮宽度和晚材率，基于年轮宽度和晚材率的年际变异系数和施肥效应，分析杉木年轮宽度和晚材率对长期施肥的响应规律；利用分段线性回归和混合模型识别施肥年限和径级对年轮宽度和晚材率的影响。结果: 1）与单施处理相比，氮磷配施可降低杉木生长对极端干旱的敏感性，表现为年轮宽度和晚材率的年际波动幅度减小，其变异系数与对照处理相当，表明该施肥策略有助于维持木材材质的均匀性；2）氮磷配施处理下，连续施肥4年的累积促进效应最大，累积年轮宽度相比对照提高31.8%，同时累积晚材率的降幅较单施磷处理更为缓和，且与对照处理相当；3）氮磷配施可缓解不同径级林木间的竞争，促进林分整体生长，有效抑制单一施肥导致的径级分化现象。结论: 建议在杉木中龄林施肥时实施以4年为周期的氮磷配施方案，可在提升杉木生长量的同时保障材质均匀性和硬度。

关键词: 杉木；氮磷施肥, 年轮宽度, 晚材率, 干旱响应, 可持续经营

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and wood quality parameters of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), thereby providing a theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality large-diameter timber and achieving sustainable forest management. Method: Based on a long-term fertilization experimental platform for Chinese fir plantations, four treatments were set up: control, nitrogen application alone (100 kg·hm^?2 a^?1), phosphorus application alone (50 kg·hm^?2 a^?1), and combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus (100 kg·hm^?2 a^?1 N + 50 kg·hm^?2 a^?1 P). The fertilization experiment was initiated in 2012, with fertilizers applied four times annually (in March, June, September, and December, at proportions of 30%, 30%, 20%, and 20%, respectively). Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied in the forms of ammonium nitrate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, respectively, mixed uniformly with river sand. Tree-ring analysis was employed to measure annual ring width and latewood rate for each year from 2011 to 2023. The responses of growth and wood property indicators to long-term fertilization were analyzed based on the inter-annual coefficient of variation (CV) of ring width and latewood rate, along with fertilization effect values. The piecewise linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to identify the impacts of fertilization duration and tree diameter class on these indicators. Result: 1) Compared to single-nutrient applications, the combined application of the N+P dampened the interannual fluctuations in ring width and latewood rate caused by extreme drought, buffering tree growth sensitivity and yielding wood uniformity comparable to the control. 2) Under the N+P treatment, the cumulative promoting effect on growth peaked after four consecutive years of fertilization, resulting in a 31.8% increase in cumulative ring width compared to the control. Concurrently, the decrease in cumulative latewood rate was more moderate than that under the P-alone treatment and remained similar to the control levels. 3) The N+P combination alleviated competition among trees of different diameter classes, promoted overall stand growth, and effectively suppressed the diameter class differentiation phenomenon induced by single-nutrient fertilization. Conclusion: It is recommended to implement a combined nitrogen and phosphorus application regimen on a four-year cycle in mid-aged C. lanceolata stands. This approach aims to enhance growth rates while ensuring uniformity in wood texture and maintaining hardness.

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata; nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, tree-ring width, latewood rate, drought response, sustainable management

中图分类号:

李达海,卜文圣,杨风亭,孟盛旺,高德才,寇亮,王辉民,付晓莉. 氮磷配施促进杉木生长和材质稳定性：来自长期施肥试验的启示[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(6): 36-45.

Dahai Li,Wensheng Bu,Fengting Yang,Shengwang Meng,Decai Gao,Liang Kou,Huimin Wang,Xiaoli Fu. Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Enhance the Growth and Wood Quality Stability of Chinese Fir: Insights from a Long-Term Fertilization Experiment[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(6): 36-45.

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参数 Parameter		平均值 ± 标准误 Mean ± SE
林分特征 Stand characteristic	林龄 Stand age/a	14
	密度 Density /(tree·hm^?2)	2143 ± 73
	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	10.2 ± 0.2
	平均树高 Mean height/m	8.93 ± 0.01
	林下植被生物量 Understory biomass/(g·m^?2)	22.70 ± 2.24
土壤性质（0~10 cm） Soil properties (0–10 cm)	密度 Bulk density /(g·cm^?3)	1.25 ± 0.03
	pH (H₂O)	4.43 ± 0.10
	有机碳 Organic carbon/ (g·kg^?1)	20.56 ± 1.44
	全氮 Total nitrogen/(g·kg^?1)	1.20 ± 0.09
	全磷 Total phosphorus/(g·kg^?1)	0.31 ± 0.02

处理Treatment	变异系数Coefficient of variation
处理Treatment	年轮宽度Ring with	晚材率Latewood rate
CK	35.26	15.95
N	37.25	18.93
P	40.13	23.06
N+P	34.88	15.48

施肥持续时间 Duration of fertilization/a	处理 Treatment	累积年轮宽度 Cumulative ring with /mm	效应值 Effect value	提高比例 Percentage increase (%)	累积晚材率 Cumulative latewood rate (%)	效应值Effect value	降低比例 Percentage decrease (%)
1	CK	4.36±2.06 a			16.6±9.9 a
	N	4.52±1.56 a	0.04 b	3.8	15.3±6.2 a	–0.08 c	7.6
	P	4.97±1.82 a	0.13 a	14.1	11.8±5.2 a	–0.34 a	28.7
	N+P	5.00±1.90 a	0.14 a	14.8	13.4±6.0 a	–0.21 b	19.3
2	CK	8.41±2.99 b			16.0±7.5 a
	N	9.38±2.83 ab	0.11c	11.5	14.9±5.6 a	–0.07 b	6.6
	P	10.14±2.27 a	0.19 b	20.5	11.5±4.0 b	–0.33 a	28.1
	N+P	10.67±4.02 a	0.24 a	26.9	12.4±4.7 ab	–0.25 a	22.5
3	CK	12.67±3.80 b			15.5±6.0 a
	N	14.48±3.91 ab	0.13 c	14.3	13.8±5.0 ab	–0.11 b	10.6
	P	15.11±3.26 a	0.18 b	19.3	11.7±4.0 b	–0.28 a	24.4
	N+P	16.37±5.88 a	0.26 a	29.2	12.6±4.4 ab	–0.21 a	18.8
4	CK	16.59±4.84 b			15.4±5.3 a
	N	19.37±4.89 ab	0.15 b	16.7	13.7±4.8 ab	–0.12 b	11.1
	P	19.71±3.95 a	0.17 b	18.8	11.9±3.5 b	–0.25 a	22.4
	N+P	21.88±7.27 a	0.28 a	31.8	12.6±4.1 ab	–0.20 a	18.0

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