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林业科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 127-131.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20081022

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

森林生态采伐理论

张会儒 唐守正   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091
  • 收稿日期:2007-08-28 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-10-25 发布日期:2008-10-25

Theory of Ecology-Based Forest Harvesting

Zhang Huiru,Tang Shouzheng   

  1. Research Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques,CAF Beijing 100091
  • Received:2007-08-28 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-10-25 Published:2008-10-25

摘要: 系统论述森林生态采伐的概念、原则和森林生态采伐理论的内涵。森林生态采伐是在森林生态理论指导下进行森林采伐作业,使采伐和更新达到既高效利用森林又促进森林生态系统的健康与稳定,达到森林可持续利用的目的。森林生态采伐的内涵涉及3个层次:林分、景观和模仿自然干扰。在林分水平上,要系统地考虑林木及其产量、树种、树种组成和搭配、树木径级、生物多样性的最佳组合、林地生产力、物质和能量交换过程,使采伐后仍能维持森林生态系统的结构和功能,确保生态系统的稳定性和可持续性。在景观水平上,要考虑原生植被和顶级群落,进行景观规划设计,实现不同森林景观类型的合理配置。模仿自然干扰就是模仿自然选择采伐木、培养木和其他保留木;同时,在采伐作业过程中保留一定的枯立木、倒木和枯枝落叶等,以满足野生动物和微生物生存的需要。文章指出,森林生态采伐是对近代森林经营理论的继承和发展,是实现森林可持续经营的一个重要途径,在森林保护和合理利用中,必将扮演一个重要角色。最后,提出了今后森林生态采伐研究的主要方向。

关键词: 森林生态采伐, 生态系统经营, 森林可持续经营

Abstract: The paper discussed concepts and principles of ecology-based forest harvesting and connotation of ecology-based forest harvesting theory systematically.Ecology-based forest harvesting is implementing forest harvesting operation under instruction of forest ecology theory. The purpose is utilizing forest high-efficiently and promoting health and stabilization of forest ecological system and realizing sustainable forest utilization through harvesting and regeneration. Its connotation includes three levels:stands,landscape and natural disturbance simulation. In the stands level,wood yield,tree species,composition and arrangement,trees diameter class,optimum combination of bio-diversity,productivity of forest land,exchange process of material and energy and so on should be considered systematically in harvesting,so as to maintain the structure and function and insure stability and sustainability of forest ecological system. In the landscape level,to fulfil landscape planning and design based on the considering original vegetable and climax community,to realize reasonable arrangement of different forest landscape types through forest harvesting. Natural disturbance simulation requires selecting cutting trees,target trees and other reserved trees through natural simulation. At the same time,some mortality trees,fallen trees and litters should be reserved in the harvesting operation,so as to meet the survival requirements of forest animals and microbials. The article indicates that ecology-based forest harvesting theory is succession and development of neoteric forest management theories,it is an important approach for realizing sustainable forest management,it will plays an important role in forest conservation and reasonable utilization. Finally,main research fields and orientation for the future are put forward.

Key words: ecology-based forest harvesting, ecosystem management, sustainable forest management